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LLOHASE AND STDAET'S CLASSICAL SEBIES. y

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\¥ORKS OF HORACE. '

DEPAnfMEwlAL LIBRARY.

©ditrrt, with ©xplauatory ^otw. > /
THOMAS CHASE, LL.D. (Harvard),

PRESIDENT OF HAVERFORO COLLEGE.^

Revised Edition >

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Philadelphia:

ElDREDGE & BROTHEi-t,

No. 17 North Seventh St.

U . «- , A.

Chase & Stuart's Classical Series

■COMPRISES —

A FIRST LATIN BOOK,
A LATIN GRAMMAR,
A LATIN READlSFt,

t/ind Editions of all the iLatin Aivihors usually
read in Schools and Colleges,

naSS^

fcntereil according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869^ by

ELDREDOE it BROTHER,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the

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Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

4

EEVISED EDITION. Copyrighted, I884,

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ELECTROTYPERS, PHILAD'A. ,^i
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VATEM VENVSINVM

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THE editor has founded his text of Horace upon the best
manuscripts, — as cited by Keller, Ritter, Orelli, and other
critics, — after comparing the judgments of the most saga-
cious editors upon every passage. Readings not adopted,
which deserve attention for their importance or their high
authority, as well 9^ the most noticeable conjectural emen-
dations, have been placed at the bottom of each page.

In the notes, it has been his simple endeavor to meet the
wants of American students. While great attention has been
paid to the explanation of points of grammatical, philological,
and antiquarian interest, he has hoped to aid in making the
Htudy of these poems conduce to refinement of taste and to
general literary culture. Macleane's admirable Arguments
to the Odes and Epodes have been adopted to a great extent ;
in the Introductions to the Satires and Epistles, aid has been
derived from various sources. A long array of commentators
has been consulted, as will appear by the references; but
particular acknowledgment is due to the always judicious
notes of Orelli, the often acute annotations of Ritter, Nauck's
sprightly commentary on the Odes, and Krliger's full and
accurate notes on the Satires and Epistles. Recent English
annotated editions have given occasional assistance.

In the few instances in which the orthography here adopted

VI

PREFACE.

differs from that ordinarily used, the student will find the
more common form among the various readings, particularly
in the first part of the book. In the latter part of the book,
readings are given illustrating the most important peculiari-
ties of orthography not adopted in the text. These variations
in orthography, as well as the more important various read-
ings indicating actual differences in expression, are all derived
from the manuscripts, (older or more recent,) unless indicated
as conjectural.

The dates at which Horace's poems were written are in
some instances easily ascertained, in others will always re-
main matters of doubtful conjecture. In disputed cases, the
two extremes of the dates which have been proposed by
scholars, or at least of the most plausible ones, are given in
the notes, directly after the caption of each poem.

Students of Horace may aid themselves in understanding
and appreciating him by judicious collateral reading, — espe-
cially in Koman history, where Mommsen and Merivale are
particularly recommended to their attention. But nothing
can supersede the fond and constant reading of the author
himself, continued until his own words speak directly to the
mind and ear with a power and beauty unattainable by the
best translation.

Thomas Chase.

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE VARIOUS READINGS.

B. and Be.vt., Bentley.

D., Dilleuburger.

F., Fea.

G., Gould, in usum iuv.

H., Haupt.

N. n., N. Heinsius.

/., Jahn.

J-S., Jahn amended by Schmid.

A'., Keller.

L.. Lachmann.

M., Meineke.

JMnr., Munro.

N., Nauck.

O., Orelli.

P., Peerlkamp.

/?., Ritter.

St., Stall baum.

Bland., Blandinius.

cod., codex.

dd., delet uel delent.

e cnni., e coniectura.

edd., editores.

omit., omittit ud omittunt (codlcefl

quidam).
uu., uersus.

SL, codices optimi fere omues.
*, e coniectura.

#*# The marks of punctuation in the various readings indicate variations of
interpunctioii in different editions : except that different readings of the same
word or passage are separated by a comma.

LIFE OF HORACE.

BY THEODORE MARTIN.

(abridged.)

QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCUS was born vi. Id. Dec. a. u. c.
689 (B. c. 65), during the consulship of L. Aurelius Cotta and
L.. Manlius Torquatus. His father was a fi-eedman of the town
of Venusia, the modern Venosa, the inhabitants of which be-
lonjied to the Horatian tribe, and had received his manumission
before his son was born. He had realized a moderate independ-
ence in the vocation of coaclor, a name borne indifferently by
the collectors of public revenue, and of money at sales by public
auction. To which of these classes he belonged is uncertain, but
most probably to the latter. With the fruits of his industry he
had purchased a small property near Venusia, upon the banks
of the Aufidus, the modern Ofanto, in the midst of the Apennines,
upon the doubtful boundaries of Lucania and Apulia. Here the
poet was born, and in this picturesque region of mountain, forest,
and stream the boy became imbued with the love of nature, which
distinguished him through life.

In his father's house, and in those of the Apulian peasantry
around him, Horace had opportunities of becoming familiar with
the simple virtues of the poor, — their independence, integrity,
chastity, and homely worth, — which he loved to contrast with
the luxury and vice of imperiiil Rome. He appears to have been
an only child. No doubt he had at an early age given evidence
of superior powers; and to this it may have been in some mea-
sure owing, that his father resolved to give him a higher edu-
cation than could be obtained under a provincial schoolmaster,
and, although ill able to aflord the expense, took him to Rome
when about twelve years old, and gave him the best training which
the capital could supply. No money was spared to enable the
boy to keep his position among his fellow-scholars of the higher
ranks. He was waited on by numerous slaves, as though he were
the heir to a considerable fortune. At the same time, he was not
allowed to feel any shame for his own order, or to aspire to a
position which he was unable to maintain. Under the stern tu-
torage of Orbilius Pupillus, a grammarian of high standing, richer
in reputation than gold, but unduly fond of the rod, he learned
grammar, and became familiar with the earlier Latin writerc anJ

vm LIFE OF HORACE.

with Homer. What was of still more importance, during this
critical period of his first introduction to the temptations of tlie
capital, he enjoyed the advantage of his father's personal superin-
tendence, and of a careful moral training. His father went with
him to all his classes, and, being himself a man of shrewd obser-
vation and natural humour, he gave his son's studies a practical
bearing, by directing his attention to the follies and vices of the
luxurious and dissolute society around him, and showing their
incompatibility with the dictates of reason and common sense.
From this admirable father Horace appears to have gathered
many of "the rugged maxims hewn from life" with which his
works abound, and also to have inherited that manly independ-
ence for which he was remarkable, and which, while assigning
to all ranks their due influence and respect, never either over-
estimates or compromises its own. Under the homely exterior
of the Apulian freedman we recognize the soul of the gentleman.

At what age Horace lost his father is uncertain, but probably
before he left Rome for Athens, to complete his education in the
Greek literature and philosophy, under native teachers. This
he did some time between the age of seventeen and twenty. At
Athens he found many young men of the leading Roman families,
engaged in the same pursuits with himself. He was no careless
student of the classics of Grecian literature, and, with a natural
enthusiasm, he made his first poetical essays in their flexible and
noble language. His usual good sense, however, soon caused
him to abandon the hopeless task of emulating the Greek writers
on their own ground, and he directed his efforts to transfusing
into his own language some of the grace and melody of theso
masters of song. In the political lull between the battle of Phar-
salia, A. u. c. 706 (b. c. 48), and the death of Julius Caesar, a. u. c.
710 (b. c. 44), Horace was enabled to devote himself without in-
terruption to the tranquil pursuits of the scholar. But when,
after the latter event, Brutus came to Athens, and the patrician
youth of Rome, fired with zeal for the cause of republican liberty,
joined his standard, Horace, infected by the general enthusiasm,
accepted a military command in the army which was destined to
encounter the legions of Antonius and Octavius. His rank was
that of tribune, and his appointment excited jealousy among his
brother officers, who considered that the command of a Roman
legion should have been reserved for men of nobler blood. But
he had manifestly a strong party of friends, who had learned to
appreciate his genius and attractive qualities. It is certain that
he secured the esteem of his commanders, and bore an active
part in the perils and difficulties of the campaign, which termi-
nated in the total defeat of the republican party at Philippi,
A. u. c. 712 (b. c. 42).

Horace reached home, only to find his paternal acres confis-
cated. He was enabled, however, to purchase the place of scribe

LIFE OF HORACE. IX

in the Quaestor's office, a sort of sinecure clerkship of the Trea-
sury, which he continued to hold for many years, if not, indeed,
to the close of his life. It was upon his return to Rome that he
made the acquaintance of Virgil and Varius, who were already
famous, and to them he was indebted for his introduction to
Maecenas. The particulars of his first interview with his patron
he has himself recorded (Sat. i. vi.). The acquaintance rapidly
ripened into mutual esteem. It secured the position of the poet
in society, and the generosity of the statesman placed him above
tiie anxieties of a literary life. Throughout the intimate inter-
course of thirty years which ensued there Avas no trace of con-
descension on the one hand, nor of servility on the other.

By Maecenas Horace was introduced to Octavius, probably
8<>on after the period just referred to. About a. u. c. 722, Ho-
race, who had already given to the world many of his poems,
including the ten Satires of the first book, received from Mae-
cenas the gift of the Sabine farm, which at once aflForded him a
competence, and all the pleasures of a country life. The farm
was situated in the valley of Ustica, about twelve miles from
Tibur (Tivoli), and, among its other charms, possessed the valu-
able attraction for Horace, that it was within an easy distance
of Rome. Here he spent a considerable part of every year.
Here he could entertain a stray friend from town, — his patron
Maecenas, upon occasion, — and the delights of this agreeable
retreat were doubtless more than a compensation for the plain
fare, or the thin home-grown wine, vile Sabinum, with which its
resources alone enabled him to regale them.

The life of Horace from the time of his intimacy with Mae-
cenas appears to have been one of comparative ease and of great
social enjoyment. He was soon admitted to the friendship of
Augustus, and to the close of his life his favour at court contin-
ued without a cloud. And favour did not spoil him. He was
ever the same kindly, urbane, and simple man of letters he had
originally been, never presuming upon his position, nor looking
superciliously on others less favored than himself. At all times
generous and genial, years only mellowed his wisdom and gave
a finer polish to his verse. The unaffected sincerity of his na-
ture and the rich vein of his genius made him courted by the
rich and noble. He mixed on easy terms with the choicest soci-
ety of Rome; and what must that society have been which in-
clude<l Virgil, Varius, Plotius, Tibullus, Pollio, and a host of
others who were not only ripe scholars, but had borne and were
bearing a leading part in the great actions and events of that
memorable epoch ?

At no time very robust, Horace's health appears to have de-
clined for some years before his death. He was doomed to see
some of his dearest friends drop into the grave before him. This
to him, who gave to friendship the ardour which other men give

X LIFE OF HORACE.

to love, was the severest wound that time could bring, " The
shocks of Chance, the blows of Death" smote him heavily; and
the failure of youth, and spirits, and health, in the inevitable
decay of nature, saddened the thoughtful poet in his solitude,
and tinged the gayest society with melancholy. Maecenas's
health was a source of deep anxiety to him ; and one of the most
exquisite Odes (Carm. ii. 17) addressed to that valued friend, in
answer to some outburst of despondency, while it expresses the
depth of the poet's regard, bears in it the tone of a man some-
what weary of the world. He declares that, if untimely fate
shall snatch away his patron, he will not survive him ; and the
prophecy was fulfilled almost to the very letter. The same year
(a. u. c. 746, B. c. 8) witnessed the death of both Horace and
Maecenas. The latter "led the way," (as the poet foretold), com-
mitting his friend, in almost his last words, to the care of Au-
gustus : Horati Flacci, ul mei, eslo memor. On the 27th of No-
vember, when he was on the eve of completing his fifty-seventh
year, Horace himself died, of an illness so short and sudden that
he was unable to make his will in writing. He declared it verb-
ally before witnesses, leaving to Augustus the little which he
possessed. He was buried ou the Esquiline Hill, near his patron
and friend Maecenas.

There are no authentic busts or medallions of Horace, and his
descriptions of himself are vague. He was short in stature, his
eyes and hair were dark, but the latter was early silvered with
gray. He suffered at one time with an affection of the eyes,
and seems to have been by no means robust in constitution. His
habits were temperate and frugal, as a rule, although he was far
from insensible to the charms of a good table and good wine,
heightening and heightened by the zest of good company. But
he seems to have had neither the stomach nor the taste for ha-
bitual indulgence in the pleasures of the table. Latterly he be-
came corpulent and sensitive to the severity of the seasons, and
sought at Baiae and Tibur the refreshment or shelter which his
mountain retreat had ceased to yield to his delicate frame.

Of all his writings, Horace himself appears to have ascribed
the greatest value to the Odes, and to have rested upon them his
claims to posthumous fame. They were the result of great labour,
as he himself indicates (Carm. iv. 2, 27 sqq.); and yet they
bear pre-eminently the charm of simplicity and ease. He was
the first to mould the Latin tongue to the Greek lyric measures ;
and his success in this difficult task may be estimated from the
fact that, as he was the first, so was he the greatest, of the Ro-
man lyrists. In airy and playful grace, in happy epithets, in
variety of imagery, and exquisite felicity of expression, the Odes
are still unsurpassed among the writings of any period or lan-
guage. It is these qualities and a prevailing vein of genial and
sober wisdom, which imbue them with a charm quite peculiar,

LIFE OF HORACE. XI

and have given them a hold upon the minds of educated men
which no change of taste has shaken.

Horace's Satires and Epistles are perhaps intrinsically more
valuable than his lyric poetry. As reflecting "the age and body
of the time," they possess the highest historical value. Through
them the modern scholar is able to form a clearer idea, in all
probability, of the state of society in Rome in the Augustan age,
than of any other phase of social development in the history of
nations. Horace's observation of character is subtle and exact,
his knowledge of the heart is profound, his power of graphic
delineation great. A genial humour plays over his verses, and a
kindly wisdom dignifies them. As a living and brilliant com-
mentary on life, as a storehouse of maxims of practical wisdom,
couched in language the most apt and concise, as a picture of
men and manners, which will be always fresh and always true,
because it was true once, and because human nature will always
reproduce itself under analogous circumstances, his Satires, and
still more his Epistles, will have a permanent value for mankind.
In these, as in his Odes, he inculcates what is fitting and decor-
ous, and tends most to tranquillity of mind and body. To live
at peace with the world, to shun the extremes of avarice, luxury,
and ambition, to outrage none of the laws of nature, to enjoy
life wisely, and not to load it with the cares which the lapse of a
few brief years will demonstrate to be foolishness, is very nearly
the sum of his philosophy. Of religion, as we understand it, he
had little. In common with the more vigorous intellects of the
time, he had outgrown the efl^ete creed of his countrymen. He
was content to use it for poetical purposes, but he could not ac-
cept as matter of belief the mythology about which the forms
of the contemporary worship still clustered.

Horace has always been a favorite with the young ; but it is
only by minds matured by experience and reflection that he can
be thoroughly appreciated. To them the depth of his observa-
tion and the reach of his good sense are made daily more appa-
rent; and the verses which charmed their fancy or delighted
their ear in youth, become the counsellors of their manhood, or
the mirror which focalizes for their old age the gathered wisdom
of a lifetime. No writer is so often quoted, and simply because
the thoughts of none are more pertinent to men's "business and
bosoms" in the concerns of everyday life, amid the jostle of a
crowded and artificial state of society ; and because the glimpses
of nature, in which his writings abound, come with the fresh-
ness of truth, alike to the jaded dweller in cities, and to those
who can test them day by day in the presence of nature herself.

ORp

THE METRES OF HORACE.

In the Satires and Epistles, Horace uses the dactyHc hexameter; yet, in th«
Satires, his Musa pedestris purposely assumes a careless and easy tone. " The
approach to prose in Horace's verse is seen, for instance, in his freedom with re-
gard to elision, particularly that of the monosyllabic particles nam, dum, cum, si,
which is contrary to the epic usage ; in some cases of synaeresis, as prout, quoad,
vindemiator; in syncopes, as caldior, soldum ; and contractions, as divisse, suV'
rexe. In the construction of the verse, also, we observe an intentional accumu-
lation of spondees, whereas the well-framed epic line delights us by a tasteful
variety of dactyles and spondees."

In the Odes and Ei)odes eighteen metres or systems of verse are recognized, a
list of which here follows. Further details may be obtained from any of the
Grammars.

I. The minor Aschpiadean system, each stanza consisting of four minor Ascle-
piadean verses :

I 2-|^wwl[[2ww.l|ww

There is something noble in the effect of the choriambs, and the steady march
of the verse expresses calm assurance. Horace has used tliis metre thrice, when
he speaks with lofty inspiration of the dignity of poetry and his own calling as a
bard. (1.1; 111.30; IV. 8.)

II. The first Aschpiadean strophe, in which the Glyconic verse alternates with
the minor Asclepiadean :

^' 2_ll«vJt||2vv2|vw

With less elevation and repose, this metre has more pathos and a more varied
movement than the preceding. (I. 3, 13, 19, 36; III. 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 28 ; IV. 1, 3.)

III. The second Asclepiadean strophe, consisting of three minor Asclepiadean
verses, followed by a Gluconic :

^■) ' I ' V

iil

4. ^ - I 1 V V .i I V «

The falling effect of this strophe is appropriate for the expression of modesty,
apprehension, despondency, or longing. (I. 6, 15, 24, 33 ; II. 12 ; III. 10, 16 ; IV.
6, 12.)

xii

METRES OF HORACE. XIU

rv. The third As'l^iadeav strophe, consisting of two minor Asclepiadean
a Pherecratean, and a Glyconic :

3. i-\l,j^l\Z

This metre has a still more subdued tone than the preceding. (I. 5, 14, 21, 23 ;
111.7,13; IV. 13.)

V. The greater Asclepiadean system ; the greater Asclepiadean verse four timea
repeated :

2_|2vv^ll2v-.i||^-v2|ww

ITorace uses this metre thrice in exhortations, which are well supported in the
steady march of the weighty choriambs. (1. 11, 18 ; IV. 10.)

VI. The Sapphic strophe, cousisting of three minor Sapnhic verses and one
Adonic verse :

3.) I . II I

4. 1 ^ .\1Z

Earnest and stately, and the proper metre for supplication to the gods; yet
sometimes, with unmistakable humor, applied to subjects of a very different char-
acter. (I. 2, 10, 12, 20, 22, 25, 30, 32, 38; II. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 ; III. 8, 11, 14, 18, 20,
22, 27 ; IV. 2, 6, 11. Carmen Saeculare.)

Vn. The greater Sapphic strophe; an Aristophanic verse followed by a greater
Sapphic :

2 w w

Used In one Ode (I, 8), in which the question beginning in the shorter verse
gains in liveliness and compass as it passes into the longer.

VIII. Thi? Ahaic strophe, consisting of the Alcaic hendecasyllahic verse twice
repeated, an Alcaic rnneasytlabic, and an Alcaic decatyllabic verse :

2.1 I I 11 I

3. Z\ls.\l.\\l^\l^

4. 2wv|jtvv|lw|l

Thp first half of the first three verses may also be divided into a spondee or
Umbns, followed by a baccblns :

XIV METRES OP HORACE.

Strong and lively, the proper metre for appeal and encouragement, exhortation
and admonition.

The first verse, beginning with a monosyllabic basis, consists of two halves ; the
third verse is the doubling of the first of those halves; the fourth verse is a pure
refrain, combining the second halves of the two preceding kinds of verse. The
Alcaic strophe, then, is like a composition in which a musical thought, after it
has impressed itself upon the ear by repetition, is resolved into its elements and
further carried out.

Horace employs this metre more than any other, and it is hence often called
the Horatian stanza. (I. 9, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37 ; II. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,
14, 15, 17, 19, 20 ; III. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 21, 23, 26, 29 ; IV. 4, 9, 14, 15.)

IX. The first Archilnchian strophe, in which the dactylic hexameter alternates
with the minor Archilochian vase :

-"."l -.|.

The Archilochian strophes all express a certain sadness. The first is elegiac,
with a prevailing tone of melancholy, while the falling rhythms of the shorter
verse seem to represent hopelessness and resignation. (IV. 7.)

X. The second Archilochian strophe; the dactylic hexameter followed by the
ianhilegic or the iambico-dactylic verse :

The iambic dimeter, here interposed between the two members of the first Ar-
chilochian strophe, expresses encouragement. (Ep. 13.)

XI. The fourth Archilochian strophe, consisting of the greater Archilochian
verse followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic:

Elegiac, with a joyous feeling. (I. 4.)

XII. The Alcmanian strophe; dactylic hexameter alternating with dactylic tetra.
meter catalectic:

I (-)
2 J:, 2v V

This metre resembles the Archilochian strophe, and like that expresses melan-
choly thoughts. (I. 7, 28.)
XIII. The iambic trimeter :

z 1 ' ^ -\z\\ 1 ' ^ -\z 1 : >^ w

METRES OF HORACE.

XV

Irapetnons as the swift arrows of Archilochus, the repertur pugnacis iambi.
(Ep. 17.)
XIV. The iambic strophe ; iambic trimeters, alternating with iambic dimeters :

Z 1

The regular Epode-measure of Archilochus. The short, abrupt clauses are well
adapted to give the words point and stress. (Epodes 1-10 )

XV. The first Pythiambic strophe, consisting of the dactylic hexameter (which,
as the proper verse for oracles, is also called the Pythian,) and the iambic
dtmeUr:

1 -^ \1 CZ \1\\-^ \1 CI \1 ^ ^IJLZ

(Ep. 14, 16.)

XVI. The second Pythiambic strophe; the dactylic hexameter alternating with
the iambic trimeter (here consisting of pure iambs) :

2 J^ I JL -V I ^ II J^ I 1 w- I ^ w w I ^ "

(Ep. 16.)

XVII. The trochaic strophe (or the Hipponactean) ; a trochaic dimeter catalectic
followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic :

v2:v_|U||2:v.-|w2:v

The very smoothness and rapidity of the metre expresses a mind content with
its lot and spuming superfluities. (II. 18.)
XVnL The Ionic a minore :

wv2-Is.v2-|ww2_lv«I_

A plaintive measure. (HI. 12.) — Nauck, in part.

A LIST OF THE ODES,

WITH THEIR METRES.

>>«=:c

Lib. I.

Lib. II.

Lib.

III.

Od. 1.

Metr. I.

Od. 1.

Metr. VIII.

Od

. 18.

Metr. VL

2.

VI.

2.

VL

19.

IL

3.

II.

3.

VIIL

20.

VL

4.

XI.

4.

VL

21.

VIIL

6.

IV.

6.

VIIL

22.

VL

6.

III.

6.

VL

23.

VIIL

r.

XII.

7.

VIIL

24.

IL

8.

VII.

8.

VL

25.

11.

9.

VIII.

9.

VIIL

26.

VIIL

10.

VI.

10.

VI.

27.

VI

11.

V.

11.

VIIL

28.

n

12.

VI.

12.

III.

29.

VIIL

13.

II.

13.

VIIL

30.

L

14.

IV.

14.

VIIL

Lib.

IV.

15.

III.

15.

VIIL

Od. 1.

IL

16.

VIII.

16.

VL

2.

VL

17.

VIII.

17.

VIIL

3.

IL

18.

V.

18.

XVIL

4.

VIIL

19.

II.

19.

VIIL

6.

IIL

20.

VI.

20.

VIIL

6.

VL

21.

IV.

Lib. IIL

7.

IX.

22.

VI.

^d. 1.

VIIL

8.

L

23.

IV.

2.

VIIL

9.

VIIL

24.

III.

3.

VIIL

10.

V.

26.

VI.

4.

VIIL

11.

VL

26.

VIII.

5.

VIIL

12.

IIL

27.

VIII.

6.

VIIL

13.

IV.

28.

XII.

7.

IV.

14.

VIIL

29.

VIII.

8.

VL

15.

VIIL

30.

VI.

9.

II.

Carmen Saeculare, VL

31.

VIII.

le.

IIL

Epodes.

32.

VI.

11.

VL

1-

-10.

XIV.

33.

III.

12.

XVIIL

13.

X.

34.

VIII.

13.

IV.

14.

XV.

35.

VIII.

14.

VL

15.

XV.

36.

II.

15.

IL

16.

XVL

37.

VIII.

16.

•III.

17.

XIIL

38.

VI.

17.

VIIL

XVI

/ - '

3-,v*^' Q- HORATI f'l-'ACCI

C A E M I N V M

A\ LIBER PRIMVS

Ji /"Maecenas, dtavis cdite regibus, W- ^"^^f^^

"^ m3 et praesidiuBT^et dulce decus meum, ■ 'y^^M ^'
^ /^unt quos curriculo pulveremNDIympicum ti ^- "
^ \ Collegisse juvat, metaque fervidis
''^^CQ^Evitata rotis palmaque nobilis 5

A ^TeiTaram domiiios evehit ad deos ;
^^^'HylHunc, si mobiliuni turba Quiritium ,
(Certat tergeminis tollereiioiioribus;
/Illum, si proprio condidit horreo
Quicquid de Libjcis verritur areis. 10

Gaudentem patrios findere sarculo
Agros Attaliciy condicionibus
Numquam dimoveas, ut trabe Cypria
Myrtoura pavidus nauta secet mare :
LuctanteflT^Icariis fluctibus Africam 15

Mercator metuensotiufn^et oppidi
Laudat rura sui ; mox rejBcit rates rt*j.O
Quassas, indocilis pauperiem pati.
■"Est qui nee veteris pocula Massiei ^' ^^
Nec partem solido demere de die 20

Spernit, nunc viridi membra sub arbuto
Stratus, nunc ad aquae lene caput sacrae.

7 nobiliura 13 dciuovcaa 17 tuta e coniectura

llor. 2 17

18 HORATI CARMINVM

Multos castra juvant et lituo tubae
Permixtus sonitus, bellaque matribus

.. Detestata. Manet sub Jove frigido 25

Yenator, tenerae conjugis immemor,

Seu visa est eatulis cerva fidelibus,

Sen rupit teretes Marsus aper plagas.

Me doctarum hederae praemia frontium

Dis miscent superis, me gelidum iiemus 30

Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori

•^Uu^f: Secernunt populo, si neque tibias

/^f"^. ;^uterpe cobibet, nee Polyhymnia
^ Lesboum refugit tendere barbiton.

Quod si me lyrieis vatibus inseres, o3f»

Sublimi feriam sidera vertiee.

II.

Jam satis terris nivis atque dirae
Grandinis misit pater, et, rubente
Dextera saeras jaculatus arces,

Terruii urbem,
Terruit gentes, grave ne rediret 5

Saeculum Pyrrhae nova monstra questae,
Omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos

Visere montes,
Piscium et sum ma genus haesit ulmo,
Nota quae sedes fuerat columbis, 10

Et superjecto pavidae natarunt

Aequore dammae.
Vidimus flavum Tiberim, retortis
Litore Etrusco violenter undis,
Ire dejectum monumenta regis 15

Tempi aque Yestae,
Iliae dum se nimium querenti
Jactat ultorem, vagus et sinistra
Labitur ripa, Jove non probante, u-

xorius amnis. 20

Audiet cives acuisse ferrum,

29, 30 te e coniectura 35 inseris 36 sublimis

10 palurabis 12 damae

LIB. I. 2, 3 19

Quo graves Persae melius perirent,
Audiet pugnas, vitio parentum
Kara, juventus.

Quern vocet divom populus ruentis 25

Imperi rebus ? prece qua fatigent
Yirgines sanctae minus audientem

Carmina Yestam?
Cui dabit partes scelus expiandi
Juppiter ? Tandem venias, precamur, 30

Nube candentes humeros amictus,

Augur Apollo ;
Sive tu mavis, Eryeina ridens,
Quam Jocus circum volat et Cupido ;
Sive neglectum genus et nepotes 35

Respicis, auctor,
Heu nimis longo satiate ludo,
Quem juvat clamor galeaeque leves
Acer et Mauri peditis cruentum

Voltus in hostem ; 40

Sive mutata juvenem figura
Ales in terris imitaris, almae
Filius Maiae, patiens vocari

Caesaris ultor:
Senis in caelum redeas, diuque 45

Laetus intersis populo Quirini,
Neve te nostris vitiis iniquum

Ocior aura
Tollat : hie magnos potius triumpbos,
Hie ames dici pater atque princeps, 5G

Neu sinas Medos equitare inultos,

Te duce, Caesar. j ^

III. 3 r^

Sic te diva potens Cypri, ' ^ tc *57^

Sic fratres llelenae, lucida sidera, ^^"^ v '

Ventorumque regat pater, ^ '

25 (livuni 31 candonti 36 nccrcctum S'J Marai 40 vultus

20 HORATI CARMINVM

Obstrictis aliis praeter lapyga, "^

Navis, quae tibi creditum 5

Debes Yergilium, finibus Atticis
Reddas incolumem, precor,

Et serves aiiimae dimidium meae.

, - Illi robur et aes triplex
/fcirea pectus erat, qui fragilem truei 10

' Commisit pelago ratem

! Primus, nee timuit praecipitem Africum
Decertantem Aquilonibus, i

^. V i Nee tristes Hyadas, nee rabiem Noti,/^*'"'''^' '
Quo non arbiter Hadriae 15

Major, tollere seii ponere volt freta.

Quern Mortis timuit gradum,
Qui siccis oculis monstra natantia,

Qui vidit mare turgidum, et '^ 'i i ^w

-^"

"""■^-^^ Infames scopulos Acroceraunia2L^.^.\^"t^d C

'^'^-■^■x^ ^jy Nequiquam deus abscidit <ut' ; Jut^-;i) k-r<

Umr-'- "m^C-^/ "Prnrlcmc! Oooonr» rlidcr^oio Kili '

!:*!!^-m^<^/ Prudens Oceano dissociabili
vv>»^/ , / Terras, si tamen impiae

Kon tangenda rates transili_unt vada. "^ ^ " ' '
Audax omnia perpeti^ 25

Gens humana ruit per vetitum nefas:
Audax lapeti genus
,JU-* ^ ^* ' I- Ignem fraude mala gentibus intulit;
Post ignem aetheria domo
Subduetum, macies et nova febrium 30

Terris ineubuit cohors,
Semotique prius tarda necessitas
. \A Leti corripuit gradum ; , , L ,JX

Expertus vacuum Daedalus aera/*^""' "
Pennis non homini datis ; 35

Perrupit Acheronta Herculeus labor.

Nil mortalibus ardui est ;
Caelum ipsum petimus stultitia, neque

Per nostrum patimur scelus
Iracunda Jovem ponere fulmina. 40

6 Virgilium 6 ut finibus e coniectura 8 ut 16 vult
18 rectis e cnni. 19 turbidum 21 nequicquam

22 dissociabiles e cnnu 35 pinnis 37 arduum

LIB. I. 8-5 21

lY.

Solvitur acris hiemps grata vice veris et Favoni,

Trahuntque siccas machinae carinas,
Ac neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus aut arator igni,

Nee prata canis albicant pruinis.
Jam Cyiherea choros ducit Yenus imminente Luna, 5

Junctaeque Nymphis Gratiae decentes
Alterno terram quatiunt pede, dum graves Cyclopum

Yolcanus ardens urit officinas.
Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto,

Aut flore, terrae quem ferunt solutae ; 10

Nunc et in umbrosis Fauno decet immolare lucis,

Seu poscat agna sive malit haedo.
pallida Mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas

Regumque turres. O beate Sesti,
Yitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam. 15

Jam te premet nox fabulaeque Manes
Et domus exilis Plutonia : quo simul mearis,

Non regna vini sortiere talis.

Quis multa gracilis te puer in rosa
Perfusus liquidis urget odoribus,
Grato, Pyrrha, sub antro?
Cui flavam religas comam,
Simplex munditiis? Heu quotiens fidem 6

Mutatosque deos flebit, et aspera
Nigris aequora ventis
Emirabitur insolens,
Qui nunc te fruitur credulus aurea,
Qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem 10

Sperat, nescius aurae
Fallacis 1 Miseri, quibus

1 hiems 8 Vulcanus 8 risit 12 agnam

12 hacdum 18 Q. 2 urguet 6 quotiei

22 HORATI CARMINVM

Intemptata nites : me tabula sacer
Yotiva paries indicat uvida

Suspendisse potenti 1^

Vestimenta maris deol

YI.

Seriberis Yario fortis et hostium

Yictor Maeonii carminis alite,

Qaam rem cumque ferox navibus aut equis

Miles te duce gesserit:
Nos, Agrippa, neque haec dicere, nee gravem 5
Pelidae stomachum cedere nescii,
Nee cursus duplicis per mare Ulixei,

Nee saevam Pelopis domum
Conamur, tenues grandia, dum pudor
Imbellisque lyrae Musa potens vetat 10

Laudes egregii Caesaris et tuas

Culpa deterere ingeni.
Quis Martem tunica tectum adamantina
Digne scripserit, aut pulvere Troico
Nigrum Merionen, aut ope Palladis 15

Tydiden superis parem ?
Nos convivia, nos proelia virginum
Sectis in juvenes unguibus acrium
Cantamus, vacui, sive quid urimur,

Non praeter solitum leves. 20

YII.

Laudabunt alii claram Rbodon aut Mytilenen,

Aut Epheson bimarisve Corinthi
Moenia, vel Baccho Thebas vel Apolline Delphos

Insignes, aut Thessala Tempe ;
Sunt quibus unum opus est intactae Palladis urbem 5

Carmine perpetuo celebrare, et

13 intentata 14 humida 7 duplices

2 Ephesum 6 areeS; arcera

LIB. I. 6-8 23

Undique decerptam fronti praeponere olivam ;

Plurimus in Junonis honorem
Aptum dicet equis Argos ditesque Mycenas :

Me nee tarn patiens Lacedaemon 10

Nee tam Larissae percussit campus opimae,

Quam domus Albuneae resonantis,
Et praeceps Anio, ac Tiburni lucus, et uda

Mobilibus pomaria rivis.
Albus ut obscuro deterget nubila caelo 15

Saepe Notus, neque parturit imbres
Perpetuo, sic tu sapiens finire memento

Tristitiam vitaeque labores
Molli, Plance, mero, sen te fulgentia signis

Castra tenent, sen densa tenebit 20

Tiburis umbra tui. Teucer Salamina patremque

Cum fugeret, tamen uda Lyaeo
Tempora populea fertur vinxisse corona,

Sic tristes affatus amicos:
"Quo nos cumque feret melior Fortuna parente, 25

Ibimus, o socii comitesque !
Nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro ;

Certus enim promisit Apollo
Ambiguam tellure nova Salamina futuram.

0 fortes pejoraque passi 30

Mecum saepe viri, nunc vino pellite curas:

Cras ingens iterabimus aequor."

VIII.

Lydia, die, per omnes
Te deos oro, Sybarin cur properes araando

Perdere ; cur apricum
Oderit campum, patiens pulveris atque solisi

Cur neque militaris
Inter aequales equitat, Gallica nee lupatis

8 honore e conientura 9 dicit 15 df^tergit

17 perpetuog 27 auspice Teucri, auspice Phocbo c contectura
2 hoc deos 2 properaa 6 milltarcs 6 equitet

24 HORATI CARMINVM

Temperat ora frenis?
Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere ? Cur olivnm

Sanguine viperino
Cautius vitat, neque jam livida gestat armis 10

Bracchia, saepe disco,
Saepe trans finem jaculo nobilis expedite ?

Quid latet, ut niarinae
Filium dicunt Thetidis sub laerimosa Trojae

Funera, ne virilis 15

Cultus in caedem et Lycias proriperet catervas ?

IX.

Yides ut alta stet nive candidum
Soracte, nee jam sustineant onus
Silvae laborantes, geluque
Flumina constiterint acute.
Dissolve frigus, ligna super foco 5

Large reponens, atque benignius
Deprome quadrimum Sabina,
O Thaliarche, merum diota.
Permitte divis cetera : qui simul
Stravere ventos aequore fervido 10

Deproeliantes, nee cupressi
Nee veteres agitantur orni.
Quid sit futurum eras, fuge quaerere, et
Quern Fors dierum cumque dabit, lucro

Appone, nee dulces amores 15

Sperne puer, neque tu choreas,
Donee virenti canities abest
Morosa. Nunc et campus, et areae,
^■^^^ Lenesque sub noctem susurri

Composita repetantur bora, 20

Nunc et latentis proditor intimo
Gratus puellae risus ab angulo,
Pignusque dereptum lacertis
Aut digito male pertinaci.

7 temperet 11 brachia 7 depone 14 sors 23 direptum

LIB. I. 9-12 25

X.

Mercuri, facunde nepos Atlantis,
Qui feros cultus hominum recentura
Voce formasti catus, et decorae

More palaestrae,
Te canam, magni Jovis et deoruni 5

Nuntium, curvaeque lyrae parentem,
Callidum, quicquid placuit, jocoso

Condere furto.
Te, boves olim nisi reddidisses
Per dolum amotas, puerum minaci 10

Yoce dum terret, viduus pharetra

Risit Apollo.
Quin et Atridas, duce te, superbos
Ilio dives Priamus relicto
Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae 15

Castra fe fell it.
Tu pias laetis animas reponis
Sedibus, virgaque levem coerces
Aurea turbam, superis deorum

Gratus et imis. 20

Tu ne quaesieris (scire nefas) quern mihi, quern tibi
Finera di dederint, Leuconoe, nee Babylonios
Temptaris numeros. Ut melius, quicquid erit, pati,
Seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultiraam.
Quae nunc oppositis debilitat pumicibus mare 5

Tyrrhenum ! Sapias : vina liques, et spatio brevi
Spem longam reseces. Dum loquimur, fugerit invida
Aetas : carpe diem, quam minimum crcdula postcro.

XII.

Quem virum aut heroa lyra vel acri
Tibia sumis celebrare, Clio,

6 naDcium 3 tentaris 4 tribuet 2 numcs

f . . J J

26 HORATI CARMINVM

Quern deum ? Cujus recinet jocosa

Nomen imago, "^

Aut in umbrosis Heliconis oris, 5

Aut super Pindo, gelidove in Haemo f
Unde vocalem temere insecutae

Orphea silvae,
Arte materna rapidos morantem
Fluminum lapsus celeresque ventos, 10

Blandum et auritas fidibus canoris

Ducere quercus.
Quid prius dicam solitis parentis
Laudibus, qui res hominum ac deorum,
Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum 15

Temperat horis?
Unde nil majus generatur ipso,
Nee viget quicquam simile aut secundum :
Proximos illi tamen occupavit

Pallas honores. 20

Proeliis audax, neque te silebo,
Liber, et saevis inimica Virgo
Beluis, nee te, metuende certa

Phoebe sagitta.
Dicam et Alciden puerosque Ledae, 25

Hunc equis, ilium superare pugnis
Nobilem ; quorum simul alba nautis
^ x..,, Stella refulsit, '• '

Defluit saxis agitatus humor,
Concidunt venti fugiuntque nubes, 30

Et minax (quod sic voluere) ponto

Unda recumbit.'^ ' ■ '.'V ^
Komulum post hos prius, an quietum
(^\ Pompili regnum memorem, an superbos

Tarquini fasces, dubito, an Catonis - 35

Nobile letum^v,
Regulura, et Scauros, animaeque magnae
Prodigum Paulum, superante Poeno,

3 recinit, retinet 19 occupabit 23 belluis 28 sidera fulgent
31 quia sic, nam sic, di sic 38 Paullum

LIB. I. 12, 13 /• 27

Gratus insigni referam CameDa,

Fabriciumque : ;, ., 40

Hunc et incomptis Curium capillis * /■ ■ ^ ^
Utilem bello tulit et Camillum . ^^^V^-'t^*^^ rxZv
Saeva paupertas et avitus apto , -.^

Cum lajte fundus. v*- - VxX.*' '^'"^^'^

Crescit occulto velut arbor aevo Jl^ ^^ 45
Fama Marcelli ; raicat inter omne^ o -orX ^>^
Juliura sidus, velut inter ignes

Luna minores. .

Gentis humanae pater atque custos, ^«'^^^
Orte Saturno, tibi cura magni 50

Caesaris fatis data : tu secundo

Caesare regnes.
Ille, seu Parthos Latio imminentes
Egerit justo domitos triumpho,
Sive subjectos Orientis orae 55 .

Seras et Indos,
Te minor laetum reget aequus orbem :
Tu gravi curru quaties Olympum,
Tu parum castis inimica mittes

Fulmina lucis. 60

XIII.

Cum tu, Lydia, Telephi
Cervicem roseam, cerea Telephi

Laudas bracchia, vae meum
Fervens diflBcili bile tumet jecur.

Tum nee mens mihi nee color 6

Carta sede manet, humor et in genas

Furtim labitur, arguens
Quam lentis penitus macerer ignibus.

XJror, seu tibi candidos
Turparunt humeros immodicae mero 10

Rixae, sive puer furens
Impressit memorem dente labris notam.

43 arto e rontectnra 57 latum 57 regit, rcgat 3 brachir.
5 tunc 6 manent

II

28 HORATI CARMINVM

Non, si me satis audias,
Speres perpetuum dulcia barbare

Laedentem oscula, quae Yenus 15

Quinta parte sui iieetaris imbuit.

Felices ter et amplius,
Quos irrupta tenet copula, nee malis

Divolsus querimoniis
Suprema citius solvet amor die 1 20

XIY.

O navis, referent in mare te novi
riuctus I 0 quid agis ? Fortiter occupa
Portum I Nonne vides ut
Nudum remigio latus,
Et malus celeri saucius Africo 5

Antennaeque gem ant, ac sine funibus
Yix durare carinae
Possint imperiosius
Aequor? Non tibi sunt int^gra linteg.^^^^ tA-\^-^
Non di, quos iterum pressa vjoces'^inEWo. 10

Quamvis Pontica pinus,
Silvae filia nobilis,
Jactes et genus et nomen inutile,
Nil pictis timidus navita puppibus

Fidit. Tu, nisi ventis 14

Debes ludibrium, cave.
Nuper soUicitum quae mihi taedium,
Nunc desiderium curaque non levis,
Interfusa nitentes

Yites aequora Cycladas. 20

i^

XY.

Pastor cum traheret per freta navibus
Idaeis Helenen perfidus hospitam,

19 divulsus, divolsos B., Murettia 1 referunt 6 antemn^e
6 gemunt 8 possunt 13 nomen : inutile ! 2~HelQnam

LIB. I. 14, 15 29

Ingrato celeres obruit otio , \L

•yentos ut caiieret fera "^*'
Nereus fata : '* Mala ducis avi domum, 5

Quam multo repetet Graecia milite,
Conjurata tuas rumpere naptias

Et regnum Priami vetus.
Heu, heu, quantus equis, quantus adest viris
Sudor! quanta moves funera Dardanae^ . . ^,.lp
Genti ! Jam galeam Pallas et aegida ^ ^* ^ ' -'

Currusque et rabiem parat !
Nequiquam, Veneris praesidio ferox,
^Pectes caesaricm, grataque feminis^ ;, •-"

Imbelli cithara carmina divides ; c v^^ "'^^ '^ 15

Nequiquam thalamo graves
Hastas et calami spicula Cno^sil
Yitabis, strepitumque, et celerem sequi
Ajaeem : tamen, heu, serus adulteros
;. /Crines pulvere collines. 20

Noa Laertiaden, exitium tuae
Gentis, non Pylium Xestora respicis ?
Urgent impavidi te Salaminius^.^_ ^r* j •

Teucer, te Sthenelus, sciens \^ '

Pugnae, sive opus est imperitare equis, ' 25

Non auriga piger. MerioneiLquoque
Nosces. Ecce furit^£e"reperire atrox

Tydides, melior patre,
Quem tu, eervus uti vallis in altera
Visum parte lupum graminis iramemor, 30

Sublimi fugies mollis anhelitu,

Non hoc pollicitus tuae. ^^^^^^ ^, :
Iracunda diem proferet Ilio "^""^ ' ' ^
Matronisque Phrygum classis Achillei;
Post certas hiemes uret Achaicus 35

Ignis Iliacas domos."

9 eheu 20 cultus 21 excidium 22 genti 24 et 36 Pergameas

^O HORATI CARMINVM

XYI.

O matre pulchra filia pulchrior,
Quem criminosis cumque voles modum
Pones iambis, sive liamma
Sive mari libet Hadriano.
Non Dindymene, non adytis quatit 5

Mentem sacerdotum incola Pythius,
Non Liber aeque, non acuta
Sic geminant Corybantes aera,
Tristes ut irae, quas neque Noricus
Deterret ensis nec mare naufragum, 10

Nec saevus ignis nec tremendo
Juppiter ipse ruens tumultu.
Fertur Prometlieus, addere principi
Limo coactus particulam undique

Desectam, et insani leonis 15

Vim stomacho apposuisse nostro.
Irae Thyesten exitio gravi
Stravere, et altis urbibiis ultimae
Stetere causae cur perirent

Funditus imprimeretque muris 20

Hostile aratrum exercitus insolens.
Compesce mentem : me quoque pectoris
Temptavit in dulci juventa
Fervor, et in celeres iambos
Misit furentem ; nunc ego mitibus 25

Mutare quaero tristia, dum mihi
Fias recantatis amica

Opprobriis animumque reddas. t

XVII.

Velox amoenum saepe Lucretilem
Mutat Lycaeo Faunus, et igneam
Defendit aestatem capellis

Usque meis pluviosque ventos.

^ flammam 5 adyti e coniectura 8 si 23 tentavit

LIB. I. 16-18 .31

Impune tutum per nemus arbutos 5

Quaerunt latentes et thyma deviae
Olentis uxores mariti,

Nee virides metuunt colubraa
Nee Martiales llaediliae lupos,
Utcumque dulci, Tyndari, fistula 10

Yalles et Usticae cubantis
Levia personuere saxa.
Di me tuentur, dis pietas mea
Et Musa cordi est. Hie tibi copia

Manabit ad plenum benigno 15

Kuris honorum opulenta cornu ;
Hie in reducta valle Caniculae
Yitabis aestus, et fide Teia
Diees laborantes in uno

Penelopen vitreamque Cireen ; 20

Hie innocentis pocula Lesbii
Duces sub umbra, nee Semeleius

Cum Marte confundet Thyoneus
Proelia, nee metues protervum
Suspecta Cyrum, ne male dispari £5

Incontinentes injiciat manus,

Et scindat haerentem coronam
Crinibus immeritamque vestem.

XVIII.

Nullam, Tare, sacra vite prius severis arborem
Circa mite solum Tiburis et moenia Catili :
Siccis omnia nam dura deus propojsuit, neque
Mordaccs aliter diffugiunt sollicitudines.
Quis post vina gravem militiam aut paupcriem crepat?5
Quis non te potius, Bacche pater, teque, decens Venus 'I
At ne quis modici transiliat munera Liberi,
Centaurea monet cum Lapitliis rixa super mere
Debellata, monet Sithoniis non levis Euius,

5 totam 8 colubro» 14 hinc 25 neo 5 increpat
7 ao 9 Kuhius

82 HORATI CARMINVM

Cum fas atque nefas exiguo fine libidinura 1 0

Discernunt avidi. Non ego te, caridide Bassareu,
Invituni quatiam, nee variis obsita frondibus
Sub divum rapiam. Saeva tene cum Berecyntio
Cornu tympana, quae subsequitur caecus Amor sui,
Et tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, 1')

Arcanique Fides prodiga, perlucidior vitro.

XIX.

Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque jubet me Semelae puer

Et lasciva Licentia
Finitis animum reddere amoribus.

Urit me Glycerae nitor, 5

Splendentis Pario marmore purius ;

Urit grata protervitas,
Et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.

In me tota mens Venus
Cyprum deseruit, nee patitur Scythas 10

Et versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere, nee quae nihil attinent.

Hie vivum mihi caespitem, hie
Verbenas, pueri, ponite, turaque

Bimi cum patera meri : 15

Mactata veniet lenior hostla.

XX.

Vile potabis modicis Sabinum
Cantharis, Graeca quod ego ipse testa
Conditum levi, datus in theatro

Cum tibi plausus,
Care Maecenas eques, ut paterni 5

Fluminis ripae simul et jocosa
Redderet laudes tibi Vatican!

Montis imago.

2 iuben' 2 Semeles 8 vultus 8 adspici 11 nee

12 attinet 14 thuraque 5 clare

LIB. I. 19-22 S3

Caecubum et prelo domitam Caleno
Tu bibes uvam: mea nee Falernae 10

Temperant vites neque Formiani
Foeula colles.

XXI.

Dianam tenerae dicite virgines,
IntoDsum, pueri, dicite Cynthium,
Latonamque supremo
Dilectam penitus Jovi.
Yos lactam fluviis et ncmorum coma, 5

Quaecumque aut gelido prominet Algido,
Nigris aut Erymanthi
Silvis aut viridis Cragi ;
Vos Tempe totidem tollite laudibus
Natalemque, mares, Delon Apollinis, 10

Insignemque pharetra

Fraternaque humerum lyra.
Hie bellum lacrimosum, hie miseram famem
Pestemque a populo et principe Caesare in

Persas atque Britannos 15

Vestra motus aget prece.

XXII.

Integer vitae scelerisque purus
Non eget Mauris jaculis neque arcu,
Nee venenatis gravida sagittis,

Fusee, pharetra,
Sive per Syrtes iter aestuosas, 5

Sive facturus per inhospitalem
Caucasum, vel quae loca fabulosus

Lambit Hydaspes.
Namque me silva lupus in Sabina,
Dum meam canto Lalagen et ultra 10

Terminum curis vagor expeditis,

Fugit inermem:

10 turn e com*. 5 comam 16 agit 2 Mauri 2 nee 11 expcditua
Hor. 8

I

34 HORATI CARMINVM

Quale portentum neqiie militaris

Daunias latis alit aesculetis,

Nee Jubae tellus general, leonum 15

Arida nutrix.
Pone me pigris ubi nulla campis
Arbor aestiva recreatur aura,
Quod latus mundi nebulae malusque

Juppiter urget, 20

Pone sub curru nimium propinqui
Solis, in terra domibus negata :
Dulce ridentem Lalagen amabo,

Dulce loquentem.

XXIII.

Vitas hinnuleo me similis, Chloe,
Quaerenti pavidam montibus aviis
Matrem, non sine vano
Aurarum et siliiae metu :
Nam seu mobilibus veris inhorruit 5

Adventus foliis, seu virides rubum
Dimovere lacertae,

Et corde et genibus tremit.
Atqui non ego te, tigris ut aspera
Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor: 10

Tandem desine matrem
Tempestiva sequi viro.

XXIY.

Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus
Tarn cari capitis ? Praecipe lugubres
Cantus, Melpomene, cui liquidam pater

Yocem cum cithara dedit.
Ergo Quintilium perpetuus sopor 5

Urget 1 cui Pudor, et Justitiae soror,
Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas

Quando ullum inveniet parem ?

6, 6 vepris inhorruit ad ventum e coniectura 5, 12 Quinctilium

LIB. I. 23-25 85

Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit,

Nulli flebilior quam tibi, Yergili. 10

Tu frustra plus heu non ita creditum

Poscis Quintilium deos.
Quid si Threicio blandius Orpheo
Auditam moderere arboribus fidem?
Num vanae redeat sanguis imagini, 15

Quamvirga semel horrida,
Non lenis precibus fata recludere,
Nigro compulerit Mercurius gregi ?
Durum : sed levius fit patientia

Quicquid corrigere est nefas. 20

XXY.

Parcius junctas quatiunt fenestras
Ictibus erebris juvenes protervi,
Nee tibi somnos adimunt, amatque

Janua limen,
Quae prius multum facilis movebat 5

Cardines ; audis minus et minus jam :
" Me tuo longas pereunte noctes,

Lydia, dormis?"
Invicem moechos anus arrogantes
Flebis in solo levis angiportu, 10

Thracio bacchante magis sub inter-

lunia vento,
Cum tibi flagrans amor, et libido
Quae solet matres furiare equorum,
Saeviet circa jecur ulcerosum, 15

Non sine questu,
Laeta quod pubes hedera virenti
Gaudeat pulla magis atque myrto,
Aridas frondes hiemis sodali

Dedicet Hebro. 20

10 Virgin 13 quod si 15 non 18 grogi. 2 iactibuf

5 facilei 17 virente 20 Euro e coni. B., ff., Mnr., P.

36 HORATI CARMINVM

XXYL

Musis amicus tristitiam et metus
Tradam protervis in mare Creticum
Portare ve litis, quis sub Arcto
Rex gelidae metuatur orae,
Quid Tiridaten terreat, unice 6

Securus. O quae fontibus integris
Gaudes, apricos necte flores,
Necte meo Lamiae coronam,
Pimplea dulcisi Nil sine te mei
Prosunt honores: hunc fidibus novis, 10

Hunc Lesbio sacrare plectro
Teque tuasque decet sorores.

XXYII.

Natis in usum laetitiae scyphis
Pugnare Thracum est : tollite barbarum
Morem, verecundumque Bacchum
Sanguineis prohibete rixis 1
Yino et lucernis Medus acinaces 5

Immane quantum discrepat : impium
Lenite clamorem, sodales,
Et cubito remanete presso !
Yoltis severi me quoque sumere
Partem Falerni ? Dicat Opuntiae 10

Frater Megillae, quo beatus
Yolnere, qua pereat sagitta.
Cessat voluntas ? Non alia bibam
Mercede. Quae te cumque domat Yenus,
Non erubescendis adurit 15

Ignibus, ingenuoque semper
Amore peccas ; quicquid habes, age,
Depone tutis auribus. — Ah miser,
Quanta laborabas Charybdi,

Digne puer meliore flamma 1 20

9 Piplea Q,, Pimplei c comectura 10 possunt 6 discrepet
12 vulnere 13 voluptas 19 laboras in

LIB. I. 26-28 . 37

Quae saga, quis te solvere Thessalia
Magus venenis, quis poterit deus ?
Yix illigatum te triformi
Pegasus expediet Chimaera.

XXYIII.

Te maris et terrae numeroque carentis arenae

Mensorem cohibent, Archyta,
Pulveris exigui prope litus parva Matinum

Munera, nee quicquam tibi prodest
Aerias temptasse domos animoque rotundum 6

Percurrisse polum, morituro.
Occidit et Pelopis genitor, conviva deorum,

Tithonusque remotus in auras,
Et Jovis arcanis Minos admissus, habentque

Tartara Panthoiden iterum Oreo 10

Demissum, quamvis, clipeo Trojana refixo

Tempora testatus, nihil ultra
Nervos atque cutera morti concesserat atrae,

Judice te non sordidus auctor
Naturae verique. Sed omnes una manet nox 15

Et caleanda semel via leti,
Dant alios Furiae torvo speetacula Marti ;

Exitio est avidum mare nautis ;
Mixta senum ac juvenum densentur funera; nullum

Saeva caput Proserpina fugit. 20

Me quoque devexi rapidus comes Orionis

Illyricis Notus obruit undis.
At tu, nauta, vagae ne parce malignus arenae

Ossibus et capiti inhumato
Particulam dare: sic, quodcumque minabitur Eurus 25

Fluctibus Hesperiis, Venusinae
Plectantur silvae, te sospite, multaque merces,

Unde potest, tibi defluat aequo
Ab Jove Neptunoque sacri custode Tarenti.

Neglegis immeritis nocituram 30

3 latum 5 tentasse 18 avidia 30 negligis

4q horatt carminvm

Postmodo te natis fraudem committere ? Fors et

Debita jura vicesque superbae
Te maneant ipsum : precibus non linquar inultis,

Teque piacula nulla resolvent.
Quamquam festinas, non est mora longa ; licebit 35

Injecto ter pulvere curras.

XXIX.

Icci, beatis nunc Arabum invides
Gazis, et acrem militiam paras
Non ante devictis Sabaeae
Regibus, horribilique Medo
Nectis catenas. Quae tibi virginum 5

Sponso necato barbara serviet?
Puer quis ex aula capillis
Ad cyathum statuetur unctis,
Doctus sagittas tendere Sericas
Arcu paterno? Quis neget arduis 10

Pronos relabi posse rivos
Montibus et Tiberim reverti,
Cum tu coemptos undique nobilis
Libros Panaeti Socraticam et domum

Mutare loricis Hiberis, 15

Pollicitus meliora, tendis?

XXX.

O Yenus, regina Cnidi Papbique,
Sperne dilectam Cypron, et vocantis
Ture te multo Glycerae decoram

Transfer in aedem :
Fervidus tecum puer, et solutis
Gratiae zonis, properentque Nymphae,
Et parum comis sine te Juventas,

Mercuriusque.

31 forset, forsan 13 nobiles 1 Gnidi 3 thure

LIB. I. 29-32 39

XXXL

Quid dedicatum poscit Apollinem
Yates ? quid orat, de patera novum
Fundens liquorem ? Non opimae
Sardiniae segetes feraces,
Non aestuosae grata Calabriae 6

Armenta, non aurum aut ebur Indicum,
Non rura quae Liris quieta
Mordet aqua, taciturnus amnis.
Premant Galena falce quibus dedit
Fortuna vitem, dives et aureis 10

Mereator exsiccet culullis
Yina Syra reparata merce,
Dis earns ipsis, quippe ter et quater
Anno revisens aequor Atlanticum

Impune : me paseunt olivae, 15

Me cichorea levesque malvae.
Frui paratis et valido mihi,
Latoe, dones, et, precor, integra
Cum raente, nee turpem senectam

Degere nee cithara carentem. 20

XXXII.

Poscimur. Si quid vacui sub umbra
Lusimus tecum, quod et hunc in annum
Vivat et plures, age, die Latinum,

Barbite, carmen,
Lesbio primum modulate civi, 6

Qui, ferox bello, tamen inter arma,
Sive jactatam religarat udo

Litore navim,
Liberum et Musas Yeneremque et illi
Semper haerentem puerum canebat, 10

Et Lycum nigris oculis nigroque

Crine decorum.

3 opima» 4 fcracis 9 Calenam e coniectura 10 ut 15 pageant
18 at, ao 1 poscimus 1 antro

40 HORATI CARMINVM

O decus Phoebi et dapibus supremi
Grata testudo Jovis, o laborum
Dulce lenimen, mihi cumque salve 15

Rite vocanti!

XXXIIL

Albi, ne doleas plus nimio memor
Immitis Glyeerae, neu miserabiles
Decantes elegos, cur tibi junior

Laesa praeniteat fide.
Insignem tenui fronte Lycorida 5

Cyri torret amor, Cyrus in asperam
Declinat Pholoen ; sed prius Apulis

Jungentur capreae lupis,
Quam turpi Pholoe peccet adultero.
Sic visum Yeneri, cui placet impares 1 0

Formas atque animos sub juga aenea

Saevo mittere cum joco.
Ipsum me, melior cum peteret Venus,
Grata detinuit compede Myrtale
Libertina, fretis acrior Hadriae 15

Curvantis Calabros sinus.

XXXIY.

Parcus deorum cultor et infrequens,
Insanientis dum sapientiae

Consultus erro, nunc retrorsum
Vela dare atque iterare cursus
Cogor relictos : nam que Diespiter, 5

Igni corusco nubila dividens

Plerumque, per purum tonantes
Egit equos volucremque currum,
Quo bruta tellus et vaga flumina,
Quo Styx et invisi horrida Taenari 10

14 continuit 6 relectos e coniectura

LIB. I. 33-35 41

Sedes Atlanteusque finis

Concutitur. Yalet ima summis
Mutare et insignem attenuat deus,
Obscura promens ; hinc apicem rapax

Fortuna cum stridore acuto 15

Sustulit, hie posuisse gaudet.

XXXY.

O diva, gratum quae regis Antium,
Praesens vel imo tollere de gradu
Mortale corpus, vel superbos
Yertere funeribus triumphos !
Te pauper ambit sollicita prece 5

Ruris colonus, te dominam aequoris
Quicumque Bithyna lacessit
Carpathium pelagus carina.
Te Dacus asper, te profugi Scythae,
Urbesque gentesque et Latiura ferox 10

Regumque matres barbarorum et
Purpurei metuunt tyranni,
Injurioso ne pede proruas
Stantem coluranam, neu populus frequens
Ad arma cessantes, ad arma 15

Concitet, imperiumque frangat.
Te semper anteit saeva Necessitas,
Clavos trabales et cuneos manu
Gestans aena, nee severus

Uncus abest liquidumque plumbum ; 20
Te Spes et albo rara Fides colit
Yelata panno, nee comitem abnegat,
Utcumque mutata potentes
Yeste domes inimica linquis :
At volgus infidum et meretrix retro 25

Perjura cedit, diffugiunt cadis
Cum faece siccatis amici,
Ferre jugum pariter dolosi.

17 «erva

4:2 HORATI CARMINVM

Serves iturura Caesarem in ultimos
Orbis Britannos, et juvenum recens 30

Examen Eois timendum
Partibus Oceanoque rubro.
Eheu cicatricum et sceleris pudet
Fratrumque. Quid nos dura refugimus

Aetas? quid intactum nefasti 35

Liquimus? unde manum juventus
Metu deorum continuit ? quibus
Pepercit aris ? 0 utinam nova
Incude diflBngas retusum in
Massagetas Arabasque ferrum I 40

XXXYI.

Et ture et fidibus juvat

Placare et vituli sanguine debito
Custodes Numidae deos,

Qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima
Caris multa sodalibus, 5

NuUi plura tamen dividit oscula
Quam dulci Lamiae, memor

Aetae non alio rege puertiae
Mutataeque simul togae.

Cressa ne careat pulchra dies nota, 10

Neu promptae modus amphorae,

Neu morem in Salium sit requies pedum,
Neu multi Damalis meri

Bassum Threicia vincat amystide,
Neu desint epulis rosae, 15

Neu vivax apium, neu "breve lilium.
Omnes in Damalin putres

Deponent oculos, nee Damalis novo
Divelletur adultero,

Lascivis hederis ambitiosior. 20

33 heu heu 36 manus 39 defingas 39 retunsum, recusum
1 thure 11, 12, 13 neo

LIB. I. 37 43

XXXYII.

Nunc est bibendum, nunc pede libero
Pulsanda tellus, nunc Saliaribus
Ornare pulvinar deorum

Tempus erat dapibus, sodales I
Antehac nefas depromere Caecubum 5

Cellis avitis, dum Capitolio
Regina dementes ruinas
Funus et imperio parabat
Contaminato cum grege turpiuni
Morbo Yirorum, quidlibet impotens 10

Sperare, fortunaque duici
Ebria. Sed rainuit furorem
Vix una sospes navis ab ignibus,
Mentemque lymphatam Mareotico

Redegit in veros timores 15

Caesar, ab Italia volantem
Remis adurgens, accipiter velut
Molles columbas, aut leporem citus
Venator in campis nivalis

Haemoniae, daret ut catenis 20

Fatale monstrum. Quae generosius
Perire quaerens, nee muliebriter
Expavit ensem, nee latentes
Classe cita reparavit oras ;
Ansa et jacentem visere regiam 25

Voltu sereno, fortis et asperas
Tractare serpentes, ut atrum
Corpore combiberet venenum,
Deliberata morte ferocior:
Saevis Liburnis scilicet invidens 30

Privata deduci superbo,

Non humilis mulier, triumpho.

4 erit 10 semivirorum 24 repetivit editore» alii alia eonineerunt
25 taoentem 26 vultu

44 HORATI CAEMINVM

XXXYIII.

Persicos odi, puer, apparatus,
Displicent nexae philyra coronae ;
Mitte sectari, rosa quo locorum

Sera moretur.
Simplici myrto nihil allabores
Sedulus, euro : neque te ministrum
Dedeeet myrtus, neque me sub arta

Yite bibentem.

6 sedulus curae 7 arcta

Q. HORATI FLACCI

C A R M I N V M

LIBER SECVNDVS

Motum ex Metello consule civicum,
Bellique causas et vitia et modos,
L'jdumque Fortunae, gravesque
Principum amicitias, et arma
Nondum expiatis uncta cruoribus, 6

Periculosae plenum opus aleae,
Tractas, et incedis per ignes
Suppositos cineri doloso.
Paulum severae Musa tragoediae
Desit theatris : mox, ubi publicas 10

Res ordinaris, grande munus
Cecropio repetes cothurno,
Insigne maestis praesidium reis
Et consulenti, Pollio, curiae,

Cui laurus aeternos honores 15

Delmatico peperit triumpho.
Jam nunc minaci murmure cornuum
Perstringis aures, jam litui strepunt,
Jam fulgor armorum fugaces

Terret equos equitumque voltus. 20

Audire magnos jam videor duces
Non indecoro pulvere sordidos,

9 pauUum 16 Dalmatioo

46

46 HORATI CARMINVM

Et cuncta terrarum subacta

Praeter atrocem animum Catonis.
Juno, et deorum quisquis amicior 25

Afris inulta cesserat impotens
Tellure, victorum nepotes
Rettulit inferias Jugurthae.
Quis non Latino sanguine pinguior
Campus sepulchris impia proelia 30

Testatur, auditumque Medis
Hesperiae sonitum ruinae ?
Qui gurges aut quae flumina lugubris
Ignara belli ? quod mare Dauniae

Non decoloravere caedes ? 35

Quae caret ora cruore nostro?
Sed ne relictis, Musa procax, jocis
Ceae retractes munera neniae :
Mecum Dionaeo sub antro

Quaere modos leviore plectro. 40

Nullus argento color est avaris
Abdito terris, inimice lamnae
Crispe Sallusti, nisi temperato

Splendeat usu:
Yivet extento Proeuleius aevo, 5

Notus in fratres animi paterni f
Ilium aget penna metuente solvi

Fama superstes.
Latins regnes avidum domando
Spiritum, quam si Libyam remotis 10

Gadibus jungas et uterque Poenus

Serviat uni :
Crescit indulgens sibi dims hydrops,
Nee sitim pellit, nisi causa morbi
Fugerit venis, et aquosus albo 15

Corpore languor.

33 quis 3 Salusti 7 agit 7 pinna

-/

u —

LIB. II. 2,3,^ 47

J. y- [

Redditum Cyri solio Phraaten,

Dissidens plebi, numero beatorum

Eximit Yirtus, populumque falsis

Dedocet uti 20

Yocibus, regnuni et diadema tutum
Deferens uni propriamque laurum,
Quisquis ingentes oculo inretorto

Spectat acervos.

^ e-^ III.

Aequam memento rebus in arduis^-^'^^ '
Servare m'elitem, non secus in bonis

Ab insolenti temperatam ^^?lcv\ 't t-'
Laetitia, moriture Delli,
Sen maestus 6mni tempore vixeris, 6

Sen te in remoto gramine per dies , i^^--^^""
Festos reclinatum bearis ' ' ^ '
Interiore nota Falerni.
Quo pmus ingens albaque populus
Umbram hospitalem consociare amant 10

Ramis, quo et obliqua laborat
Lympha fugax trepidare rivo,
, Hue vina et unguenta et nimium breves

m/M\ Flores amoenae ferre jube rosae,

> ;•" Dum res et aetas et sororum 16

... \'' Fila trium patiuntur atra.

«^' 0» Cedes coemptis saltibus et domo^
jK__^- Villaque flavOs qiiam Tiberis lavit, o '^ '
Cedes, et exstructis in altum

Divitiis potietur. heres. vN^ ^ var 20
Divesne prisco natus ab Inacho
Nil interest, an pauper et infima
De gente sub divq^ moreris,
Victima nil miserahtrs Orci :
Omnes eodem cogimur, omnium 25

Versatur urn's" serius ocius

17 Prahatcn, Phrahaten 18 plebis 18 beatflm 9 qua

11, 12 ramig? Quid obliquo — rivo? 13 brevis 14 amoenos

18 lavat 19 extructia 23 dio

i^

48 HORATI CARMINVM

Sors exitura et nos in aeternum

Exilium impositura cumbae. ic-^

lY.

Ne sit ancillae tibi amor pudori,
Xanthia Phoceu ! Prius iDsolentem
Serva Briseis niveo colore

Movit Achillem;
Movit Ajacem Telamone natum 6

Forma captivae dominum Tecmessae ;
Arsit Atrides medio in triumpho

Yirgine rapta,
Barbarae postquam cecidere turmae
Thessalo victore, et ademptus Hector 10

Tradidit fessis leviora tolli

Pergama Grais.
Nescias an te generum beati
Phyllidis flavae decorent parentes :
Regium certe genus, et penates 15

Maeret iniquos.
Crede non illam tibi de scelesta
Plebe dilectam, neque sic fidelem,
Sic lucro aversam potuisse nasci

Matre pudenda. 20

Bracchia et voltum teretesque suras
Integer laudo ; fuge suspicari
Cujus octavum trepidavit aetas

Claudere lustrum.

Y.

Nondum subacta ferre jugum valet
Cervice, nondum munia comparis
Aequare, nee tauri mentis
In venerem tolerare pondus:
Circa virentes est animus tuae

28 exitium, exsilium 28 cymbae 12 Graiis

18 deleetam 19 adversam

LIB. II. 4-6 49

Campos juvencae, nunc fluviis gravem
Solantis aestum, nunc in udo
Ludere cum vitulis salicto
Praegestientis. Tolle cupidinem
Immitis uvae : jam tibi lividos 10

Distinguet Autumnus racemos,
Purpureo varius colore.
Jam te sequetur : currit enim ferox
Aetas, et illi, quos tibi dempserit,

Apponet annos : jam proterva 15

Fronte petet Lalage maritum,
Dilecta quantum non Pholoe fugax,
Non Chloris, albo sic humero nitens,
Ut pura nocturno renidet

Luna mari Cnidiusve Gyges: 20

Quem si puellarum insereres choro,
Mire sagaces falleret hospites
Discrimen obscurum solutis
Crinibus ambiguoque voltu.

VI.

Septimi, Gades aditure mecum et
Cantabrum indoctum juga ferre nostra, et
Barbaras Syrtes, ubi Maura semper

Aestuat unda,
Tibur Argeo positum colono 6

Sit meae sedes utinam senectae,
Sit modus lasso maris et viarum

Militiaeque I
Unde si Parcae prohibent iniquae,
Dulce pellitis ovibus Galaesi 10

Flumen et regnata petam Laconi

Rura Phalantho.
Hie terrarum mi hi praoter omnes
Angulus ridet, ubi non Hymetto

12 vario, varios 13 curret 16 petit 20 On idi usque
ilor. 4

50 HORATI CARMINVM

Mella decedunt, viridique certat 15

Baca Venafro,
Yer ubi longum tepidasque praebet
Juppiter brumas, et amicus Aulon
Fertili Baccho minimum Falernis

Invidet uvis. 20

Ille te mecum locus et beatae
Postulant arces; ibi tu calentem
Debita sparges lacrima favillam

Yatis amici.

YII.

O saepe mecum tempus in ultimum
Deducte, Bruto militiae duce,
Quis te redonavit Quiritem
Dis patriis Italoque caelo,
Pompei, meorum prime sodalium ? 5

Cum quo morantem saepe diem mere
Fregi, coronatus nitentes
Malobathro Syrio capillos.
Tecum Philippos et celerem fugam
Sensi, relicta non bene parmula, 10

Cum fracta virtus, et minaces
Turpe solum tetigere mento.
Sed me per hostes Mercurius celer
Denso paventem sustulit aere ;

Te rursus in bellum resorbens 15

Unda fretis tulit aestuosis.
Ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem,
Longaque fessum militia latus
Depone sub lauru mea, nee

Parce cadis tibi destinatis. 20

Oblivioso levia Massico
Ciboria exple ; funde capacibus
XJnguenta de conchis. Quis udo
Deproperare apio coronas

16 ba 'ca 19 fertilis 19 nimium 24 Orati 12 (turpe !) 19 lauro

\ \

LIB. II. 7-9 51

Curatve myrto ? quern Yenus arbitrum 25

Dicet bibendi? Non ego sanius
Bacchabor Edonis : recepto
Dulce mihi furere est amico.

YIII.

TJlla si juris tibi pejerati

Poena, Varine, nocuisset umquam,

Deute si nigro fieres vel uno

Turpio>r ungui,
Crederem. Sed tu, simul obligasti 6

Perfidum votis caput, enitescis
Pulchrior multo, juvenumque prodis .

Publica cura.
Expedit matris cineres opertos
Fallere, et toto taciturna noctis 10

Signa cum caelo, gelidaque divos

Morte carentes.
Ridet hoc, inquam, Yenus ipsa, rident
Simplices Nymphae, ferus et Cupido,
Semper ardentes acuens sagittas 15

Cote cruenta.
Adde quod pubes tibi crescit omnis,
Servitus crescit nova, nee priores
Impiae tectum doniinae relinquunt,

Saepe minati. 20

Te suis matres metuunt juvencis,
Te senes parci miseraeque nuper
Virgines nuptae, tua ne retardet

Aura maritos.

IX.

Non semper imbres nubibus hispidos
Manant in agros, aut mare Caspium

2 Barine 10 tacitura

52 HORATI CARMINVM

Yexant inaequales procellae
Usque, nee Armeniis in oris,
Amice Yalgi, stat glacies iners 6

Menses per omnes, aut Aquilonibus
Querceta Gargani laborant,
Et foliis viduantur orni:
Tu semper urges flebilibus modis
Mysten ademptum ; nee tibi Vespero 10

Surgente decedunt amores,
Nee rapidum fugiente Solem.
At non ter aevo functus amabilem
Ploravit omnes Antilochum senex

Annos, nee impubem parentes 15

Troilon aut Phrjgiae sorores
Flevere semper. Desine mollium
Tandem querellarum, et potius nova
Cantemus Augusti tropaea

Caesaris, et rigidum Niphaten, 20

Medumque flumen, gentibus additum
Yictis, minores volvere vertices,
Intraque praescriptum Gelonos
Exiguis equitare campis.

X.

Rectius vives, Licini, neque altum
Semper urgendo, neque, dum procellas
Cautus horrescis, nimium premendo

Litus iniquum.
Auream quisquis mediocritatem 5

Diligit, tutus caret obsoleti
Sordibus tecti, caret invidenda

Sobrius aula.
Saepius ventis agitatur ingens
Pinus, et celsae graviore casu 10

Decidunt turres, feriuntque summos

Fulgura montes.

3 versant 7 querqueta 12 rapido 12 sole 18 querelarum

22 vertere, toUere 22 vortices 6 diligit tutus, Bent.
\ 9 saevius 12 fulmina

LIB. II. 10, 11 53

Sperat infestis, metuit secundis

Alteram sortem bene praeparatum

Pectus. Informes hiemes reducit 15

Juppiter, idem
Summovet. Non, si male nunc, et olim
Sic erit : quondam cithara tacentem
Suscitat Musam, neque semper arcum

Tendit Apollo. 20

Rebus angustis animosus atque
Fortis appare ; sapienter idem
Contrahes vento nimium secundo

Turgida vela.

XI.

Qnid bellicosus Cantaber aut Scythes,
Hirpine Quinti, cogitet Hadria
Divisus objecto, remittas

Quaerere, nee trepides in usum
Poscentis aevi pauca. Fugit retro 5

Levis juventas et decor, arida
Pellente lascivos amores
Canitie facilemque somnum.
Non semper idem floribus est honor
Vernis, neque uno Luna rubens nitet 10

Voltu : quid aeternis minorem
Consiliis animum fatigas?
Cur non sub alta vel platano vel hac
Pinu jacentes sic temere, et rosa

Canos odorati capillos, 15

Dum licet, Assyriaque nardo
Potamus uncti ? Dissipat Euius
Curas edaces. Quis puer ocius
Restinguet ardentis Falerni

Pocula praetereunte lympha? 20

Quis devium scortum eliciet domo
Lyden ? Eburna, die age, cum lyra

18 oitharae 1 et 4 ne 15 odorata 17 Euhiui

54 HORATI CARMINVM

Maturet, in comptum Lacaenae
More comas religata nodum.

XIL

Nolis longa ferae bella Numantiae,

Nee durum Hannibalem, nee Siculum mare

Poeno purpureum sanguine, mollibus

Aptari citharae modis,
Nee saevos Lapithas, et nimiura mero 5

Hylaeum, domitosque Herculea manu
Telluris juvenes, unde periculum.

Fulgens contremuit domus
Saturni veteris ; tuque pedestribus
Dices historiis proelia Caesaris, 10

Maecenas, melius, ductaque per vias

Regum colla minacium.
Me dulces dominae Musa Licymniae
Cantus, me voluit dicere lucidum
Fulgentes oculos et bene niutuis 16

Fidum pectus amoribus ;
Quam nee ferre pedem dedecuit choris,
Nee certare joco nee dare bracchia
Ludentem nitidis virginibus sacro

Dianae Celebris die. 20

Num tu quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,
Aut pinguis Phrygiae Mygdonias opes
Permutare velis crine Licymniae,

Plenas aut Arabum domos.
Bum flagrantia detorquet ad oscula 25

Cervicem, aut facili saevitia negat
Quae poscente magis gaudeat eripi,

Interdum rapere occupet?

23 incomptum, incomptam 24 comam 24 nodo 2 dirum
4 aptare 10 disces 12 minantium 13 dulcis
25 CUD» 28 occupat

i

LIB. II. 12, 13 55

XIII.

Hie et nefasto te posuit die,
Quicumque primum, et saerilega manu
Produxit, arbos, in nepotum
Perniciem opprobriumque pagi;
Ilium et parentis crediderim sui 6

Fregisse cervicem, et penetralia
Sparsisse noeturno cruore
Hospitis; ille venena Colcha
Et quicquid usquam concipitur nefas
Tracfavit, agro qui statuit meo 10

Te, triste lignum, te caducum
In domini caput immerentis.
Quid quisque vitet, numquam homini satis
Cautum est in horas : navita Bosporum

Poenus perhorrescit, neque ultra 15

Caeca timet aliunde fata,
Miles sagittas et celerem fugam
Parthi, catenas Parthus et Italum
Robur; sed improvisa leti

Yis rapuit rapietque gentes. 20

Quam paene furvae regna Proserpinae
Et judicantem vidimus Aeacum,
Sedesque discretas piorum, et
Aeoliis fidibus querentem
Sappho puellis de popularibus, 25

Et te sonantem plenius aureo,
Alcaee, plectro dura navis,
Dura fugae mala, dura belli!
Utrumque sacro digna silentio
Mirantur umbrae dicere ; sed magis 30

Pugnas et exactos tyrannos

Densum humeris bibit aure volgus.
Quid mirum, ubi illis carminibus stupens
Demittit atras belua centiceps

8 Colchica 23 discriptas, descriptas 28 fugae, mala 34 belloa

56 HORATI CARMINVM

Aures, et intorti capillis 35

Eumenidum recreantur angues?
Quin et Prometheus et Pelopis parens
Dulci laborum decipitur sono,
Nee curat Orion leones

Ant timidos agitare lyncas. 40

>Vi

r'

Sk'..^':^^:.} XIV-

,"Eheu fugaces, Postume, Postume,
Labuntur ^anni, nee pietas moram
Rugis" et instanti senectae
^' AflFeret indomitaeque morti ;

Non, si trecenis, quotquot eunt dies, 6

Amice, places illacrimabilem
Plutona tauris, qui ter amplum
Geryonen Tityonque tristi
Compescit unda, scilicet omnibus,
Quicumque terrae munere vescimur, <J^ 10

Enaviganda, sive reges
Sive inopes erimus coloni.
Erustra cruento Marte carebiraus
Eractisque rauci fluctibus Hadriae,

Erustra per autumnos nocentem 15

Corporibus metuemus Austrum :
Yisendus ater flumine languido
Cocytos errans, et Danai genus
\ v Infame, damnatusque longi

'^-'^ Sisyphus Aeolides laboris. 20

V ' Linquenda tellus et domus et placens

' vA' V* Uxor, neque harum quas colis arborum A

y ^W Te praeter invisas cupressos ' • ■

r Ulla brevem dominum sequetur.

Absumet heres Caecuba dignior 25

Servata centum clavibus, et mere
Ap^"- Tinget pavimentum superbo,
^^ Pontificum potiore cenis.

38 laborem 6 tricenis, trecentis 14 raucia 24 vita

27 superbum, superbus, superbis e coni. 28 caenis

LIB. II. 14-16 67

XY.

Jam pauca aratro jugera regiae
Moles relinquent, undique latius
Extenta visentur Lucrioo

Stagna lacu, platanusque caelebs
Evincet ulmos ; turn violaria et 6

Mjrtus et omnis copia narium
Spargent olivetis odorem,
Fertilibus domino priori;
Turn spissa ramis laurea fervidos
Excludet ictus. Non ita Romuli 10

Praescriptum et intonsi Catonis
Auspiciis, veterumque norma.
Privatus illis census erat brevis,
Commune magnum : nulla decempedis

Metata privatis opacam 15

Porticus excipiebat Arcton,
Nee fortuitum spernere caespitem
Leges sinebant, oppida publico
Sumptu jubeutes et deorum
Templa novo decorare saxo. 20

XYI.

Ocium divos rogat in patenti
Prensus Aegaeo, simul atra nubes
Condidit lunam neque certa fulgent

Sidera nautis ;
Otium bello furiosa Thrace, 6

Otium Medi pharetra decori,
Grosphe, non gemmis neque purpura ve-

nale neque auro.
Non enim gazae neque consularis
Summovet lictor miseros tumultus 10

Mentis, et curas laqueata circum

Tecta volantes.

10 .'xestus 17 cespitem 2 pressus 3 lumen 8 neo

58 HORATI CARMINVM

Yivitur parvo bene cui paternum
Splendet in mensa tenui salinum,
Nee leves somnos timor aut cupido 16

Sordidus aufert.
Quid brevi fortes jaculamur aevo
Multa? Quid terras alio calentes
Sole mutamus ? Patriae quis exul

Se quoque fugit? 20

Scandit aeratas vitiosa naves
Cura, nee turmas equitum relinquit,
Ocior cervis, et agente nimbos

Ocior Euro.
Laetus in praesens animus quod ultra est 25
Oderit curare, et amara lento.
Temperet risu ; nihil est ab omni

Parte beatum.
Abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem,
Longa Tithonum minuit senectus, 30

Et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit,

Porriget hora.
Te greges centum Siculaeque circum
Mugiunt vaccae, tibi tollit hinnitum
Apta quadrigis equa, te bis Afro 35

Murice tinctae
Yestiunt lanae : mihi parva rura et
Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camenae
Parca non mendax dedit, et malignum

Spernere volgus. 40

XYII.

Cur me querellis exanimas tuis?
Nee dis amicum est nee mihi te prius
Obire, Maecenas, mearum

Grande decus columenque rerum.
Ah te meae si partem animae rapit S

Maturior vis, quid moror altera,

17 sontes 19 exsul 26 laeto 29 cito 31 forset 1 querelis 5 at

LIB. II. 17; 18 69

Nee carus aeque, nee superstes
Integer? Ille dies utramque
Ducet ruinam. Non ego perfidum
Dixi sacramentum : ibimus, ibimus, 10

Utcumque praecedes, supremum
Carpere iter comites parati.
Me nee Chimaerae spiritus igneae,
Nee, si resargat, centimanus Gyas

Divellet umquam : sic potenti 15

Justitiae placitumque Parcis.
Sen Libra sen me Scorpios aspicit
Formidolosus, pars violentior
Natalis horae, sen tyrannus

Hesperiae Capricornus undae, 20

Utrumque nostrum incredibili mode
Consentit astrum. Te Jovis impio
Tutela Saturno refulgens
Eripuit volucrisque Fati
Tardavit alas, cum populus frequens 25

Laetum theatris ter crepuit sonum :
Me truncus illapsus cerebro
Sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum
Dextra levasset, Mercurialium
Custos virorum. Reddere victimas 30

Aedemque votivara memento:
Nos humilem feriemus agnam.

^T

XYIII.

Non ebur neque aureum

Mea renidet in domo lacunar,
Non trabes Hymettiae

Premunt columnas ultima reeisas
Africa; neque Attali

Ignotus hercs regiam oceupavi,
Nee Laconicas mibi

Trahunt honestae purpuras elientae:

8 ilia 14 gigas Q, Gyge» e coniectura 17 Scorpiuf
19 loetalis, fatalis 25 cui e coniectura 8 clientes

60 HORATI CARMINVM

At fides et ingcDi

Benigna vena est, pauperemque dives 10
Me petit ; nihil supra

Deos lacesso, nee potentem amicum
Largiora flagito,

Satis beatus unicis Sabinis.
Truditur dies die, 15

Novaeque pergunt interire lunae:
Tu secanda marmora

Locas sub ipsum funus, et sepulchri
Immemor struis domos,

Marisque Bais obstrepentis urges 20

Summovere litora, . ^ ..xytAA^

Parum locuples continente ripa. jy^^''^^'^^^ Q
Quid quod usque proximos
,v^' ^ Revellis agri terminos, et ultra
"t Limites clientium 25

Salis avarus ? Pellitur paternos
In sinu ferens deos

Et uxor et vir sordidosque natoa.
Nulla certior tamen

Rapacis Orci fine destinata 30

Aula divitem manet

Herum. Quid ultra tendis ? Aequa tellua
Pauperi recluditur

Regumque pueris, nee satelles Orci
Callidum Promethea 35

Revexit auro captus. Hie superbum
Tantalum atque Tantali

Genus coercet ; hie levare functum
Pauperem laboribus

Vocatus atque non vocatus audit. 40

XIX.

Bacchum in remotis carmina rupibus
Vidi docentem, credite posteri,

20 Bails 25 limitem 30 sede

LIB. II. 19, 20 61

Nymphasque discentes, et aures
Capripedum Satyrorum acutas.
Euoe ! recenti mens trepidat metu, 6

Plenoque Bacchi pectore turbidum
Laetatur ! Euoe ! parce, Liber,
Parce, gravi metuende thyrsol
Fas pervicaces est mihi Thyiadas,
Yinique fontem, lactis et uberes 10

Cantare rivos, atque truncis
Lapsa cavis iterare mella,
Fas et beatae conjugis additum
Stellis honorem, tectaque Penthei

Disjecta non leni ruina, 15

Tbracis et exitium Lycurgi.
Tu flectis amnes, tu mare barbarum,
Tu separatis uvidus in jugis
Nodo coerces viperino

Bistonidum sine fraude crines ; 20

Tu, cum parentis regna per arduum
Cohors Gigantum scanderet impia,
Rhoetum retorsisti leonis
Unguibus horribilique mala:
Quamquam choreis aptior et jocis 25

Ludoque dictus, non sat idoneus
Pugnae ferebaris, sed idem
Pacis eras mediusque belli.
Te vidit insons Cerberus aureo
Cornu decorum, leniter atterens 80

Caudam, et recedentis trilingui
Ore pedes tetigitque crura.

XX.

Non usitata nee tenui ferar
Penna biformis per liquidum aethera
Vates, neque in terris morabor
Longius, invidiaque major

5, 7 euhoc, heu hoe 1 non tenui 2 pinna

2 HORATI CARMINVM

Urbes relinquam. Non ego, pauperum 5

Sanguis parentum, non ego, quern vocas,
Dileete Maecenas, obibo,
Nee Stygia cohibebor unda.
Jam jam residunt cruribus asperae
Pelles, et album mutor in alitem 10

Superne, nascunturque leves

Per digitos humerosque plumae.
Jam Daedaleo notior Ica-ro
Visam gementis litora Bospori

Syrtesque Gaetulas, canorus 15

Ales, Hyperboreosque campos.
Me Colchus, et qui dissimulat metum
Marsae cobortis Dacus, et ultimi
Noscent Geloni, me peritus

Discet Hiber Rhodanique potor. 20

Absint inani funere neniae
Luctusque turpes et querimoniae ;
Compesce clamorem, ac sepulchri
Mitte supervacuos honores.

6, 7 vocas "Dileete," 11 superna 13 ocior, tutior e coniectura
20 Iber

Q. HORATI FLACCI

C A R M I N V M

LIBER TERTIVS

v^-. I.

Odi profanura volgus et arceo: ^jr'

Favete Unguis ; carmina non prius ^^^ ^z**
Audita Musarum sacerdos » Yr^*^

Yirginibus puerisque canto. '^*^
Regum timendorum in proprios greges, 6

Reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,
Clari Giganteo triumpho,
Cuncta supercilio moventis.
Est ut viro vir latius ordinet
Arbusta sulcis, hie generosior 10

Descendat in campum petitor,
Moribus hie meliorque fama
Contendat, illi turba elientium
Sit major: aequa lege Necessitas

Sortitur insignes et imos; 15

Omne capax movet urna nomen.
Destrictus ensis cui super impia
Cervice pendet, non Siculae dapes
Dulcem elaborabunt saporem,

Non avium citharaeque eantus 20

Somnum reducent: somnus agrestium
Lenis virorum non humiles domos
Fastidit umbrosamque ripam,
Non Zephyris agitata Tempe.

03

64 HORATI CARMINVM

Desiderantem quod satis est neque 25

Tumaltuosum sollicitat mare,
Nee saevus Arcturi cadentis
Impetus aut orientis Haedi,
Nou verberatae grandine vineae
Fundusque meadax, arbore nunc aquas 30

Culpante, nunc torrentia agros
Sidera, nunc hiemes iniquas.
Contracta pisces aequora sentiunt
Jactis in altum molibus; hue frequens

Caementa demittit redemptor 35

Cum famulis dominusque terrae
Fastidiosus: sed Timor et Minae
Scandunt eodem quo dominus, neque
Decedit aerata triremi et

Post equitem sedet atra Cura. 40

Quod si dolentem nee Phrygius lapis
Nee purpurarum sidere clarior
Delenit usus, nee Falerna

Yitis Achaemeniumque costum,
Cur invidendis postibus et novo 45

Sublime ritu moliar atrium?
Cur valle permutem Sabina
Divitias operosiores?

Angustam amict) pauperiem pati
Robustus acri militia puer
Condiscat, et Parthos feroces

Yexet eques metuendus hasta,
Yitamque sub divo et trepidis agat 5

In rebus. Ilium ex moenibus hosticis
Matrona bellantis tyranni

Prospiciens et adulta virgo
Suspiret, ' Eheu, ne rudis agminum
Sponsus lacessat regius asperum 10

43 delinit 1 amici 5 dio

LIB. III. 2, 3 65

Tactu leonem, quem cruenta
Per medias rapit ira caedes I '
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori :
Mors et fugacem persequitur virum,

Nee parcit imbellis juventae 15

Poplitibus timidove tergo.
Virtus, repulsae nescia sordidae,
Intaminatis fulget honoribus,
Nee sumit aut ponit securevS

Arbitrio popularis aurae. 20

Yirtus, recludens immeritis mori
Caelum, negata temptat iter via,
Coetusque volgares et udam
Spernit humum fugiente penna.
Est et fideli tuta silentio 25

Merces : vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum
Yolgarit arcanae, sub isdem

Sit trabibus fragilemque mecum
Solvat phaselon : saepe Diespiter
Neglectus incesto addidit integrum; 30

Raro antecedentem scelestum
Deseruit pede Poena claudo.

^-1%

.Tustnm et tenacem propositi viram
Non civium ardor prava jubentium,

Non voltus instantis tyranni

Mente quatit solida, neque Auster,
Dux inquieti turbidus Hadriae, 6

Nee fulminantis magna manus Jovis j

Si fractus illabatur orbis,
Impavidnm fericnt ruinae.
Hac arte Pollux et vagus llercules
Enisus arces attigit igneas, 10

14 proseqaitnr 16 timidoqno 22 tontat 22) vulj^ares 24 pinna
27 valgarit 28 fragilemve e coniectura 7 illabetar 10 innisas

lior. 5

63 HOEATI CARMINVM

Quos inter Augtistus recumbens
Purpureo bibit ore nectar.
Hac te merentem, Bacche pater, tuae
Yexere tigres, indocili jugum

Collo trahentes ; hac Quirinus 15

Martis equis Acheronta fugit,
Gratum elocuta consiliantibus
Junone divis: ** Ilion, Ilion
Fatalis incestusque judex

Et mulier peregrina vertit 20

In pulverem, ex quo destituit deos
Mercede pacta Laomedon, mihi
Castaeque damnatum Minervae
Cum populo et duce fraudulento.
Jam nee Lacaenae splendet adulterae 25

Famosus hospes, nee Priami domus
Perjura pugnaces Achivos
Hectoreis opibus refringit,
Nostrisque ductum seditionibus
Bellum resedit. Protinus et graves
Iras et invisum nepotem,
Troica quern peperit sacerdos,
Marti redonabo ; ilium ego lucidas
Inire sedes, ducere nectaris

Sucos, et adscribi quietis 35

Ordinibus patiar deorum.
Dum longus inter saeviat Ilion
Romamque pontus, qualibet exules
In parte regnanto beati ;

Dum Priami Paridisque busto 40

Insultet armentum et catulos ferae
Celent inultae, stet Capitolium
Fulgens, triumphatisque possit
Roma ferox dare jura Medis.
Horrenda late nomen in ultimas 45

Extendat oras, qua medius liquor
Secernit Europen ab Afro,

Qua tumidus rigat arva Nilus;

12 bibet 16 patris 34 discere 35 succos 38 oxsules

30

LIB. III. 3; 4 67

Aurum irrepertum et sic melius situm,
Cum terra eelat, spernere fortior 50

Quam cogere humanos in usus
Omne sacrum rapiente dextra.
Quicumque mundo terminus obstitit,
Hunc tanget armis, visere gestiens

Qua parte debacchentur ignes, 65

Qua nebulae pluviique rores.
Sed bellicosis fata Quiritibus
Hac lege dico, ne nimium pii
Rebusque fidentes avitae

Tecta velint reparare Trojae. 60

Trojae renascens alite lugubri
Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,
Dueente victrices catervas
Conjuge me Jovis et sorore.
Ter si resurgat murus aeneus 65

Auctore Phoebo, ter pereat meis
Exeisus Argivis, ter uxor

Capta virum puerosque ploret."
Non hoc jocosae conveniet lyrae :
Quo, Musa, tendis ? Desine pervicax TO

Referre sermones deorum et
Magna modis tenuare parvis.

lY.

Descende caelo, et die age tibia
Regina longum Calliope melos,
Seu voce nunc mavis acuta,
Seu fidibus citharave Phoebi.
Auditis, an me ludit amabilis (

Insania? Audire et videor pics
Errare per lucos, amoenac

Quos et aquae subeunt et aurae.

54 tangat 55 debacchantur 69 conveniat

69 haec — conveDiunt e coniectum, hacc — convenient e coniecturc

4 citharaque 5 audiris? e coniectura

68 HORATI CARMINVM

Me fabulosae Yolture in Apulo,
Altricis extra limea Apuliae, 10

Ludo fatigatumque somno

Fronde nova puerum palumbes
Texere : mirum quod foret omnibus,
Quicumque celsae nidum Acherontiae

Saltusque Bantinos et arvum 15

Pingue tenent humilis Forenti,
Ut tuto ab atris coi-pore viperis
Dormirem et ursis, ut premerer sacra
Lauroque collataque myrto,

Non sine dls animosus infans. 20

Tester, Camenae, vester in arduos
Tollor Sabinos, seu mihi frigidum
Praeneste seu Tibur supinum
Seu liquidae placuere Baiae.
Yestris amicum fontibus et choris 25

Non me Philippis versa acies retro,
Devota non exstinxit arbos,
Nee Sicula Palinurus unda.
TJtcumque mecum vos eritis, libens
Insanientem navita Bosporum 30

Temptabo et urentes arenas
Litoris Assyrii viator;
Yisam Britannos hospitibus feros,
Et laetum equino sanguine Concanum,

Yisam pharetratos Gelonos 35

Et Scythicum inviolatus amnem.
Yos Caesarem altum, militia simul
Fessas cohortes abdidit oppidis,
Finire quaerentem labores,

Pierio recreatis antro. 40

Yos lene consilium et datis, et dato

Gaudetis, almae. Scimus, ut impios

Titanas immanemque turmam

Fulmine sustulerit caduco,

10 nutricis extra limina * Pulliae K. 16 Ferenti 27 arbor
31 tentabo 31 arentes 38 addidit, reddidit 43 turbam

LIB. III. 4 69

Qui terrain inertem, qui mare temperat 45

Yentosum, et urbes regnaque tristia
Divosque mortalesque turbas
Imperio regit unus aequo.
Magnum ilia terrorem intulerat Jovi
Fidens juventus horrida bracchiis, 50

Fratresque tendentes opaco
Pelion imposuisse Olympo.
Sed quid Typhoeus et validus Mimas,
Aut quid minaci Porphyrion statu,

Quid Rhoetus evolsisque truncis 55

Enceladus jaculator audax
Contra sonantem Palladis aegida
Possent ruentes ? Hinc avidus stetit
Yolcanus, hinc matrona Juno, et

Numquam humeris positurus areum, 60
Qui rore puro Castaliae lavit
Crines solutos, qui Lyciae tenet
Dumeta natalemque silvam,
Delius et Patareus Apollo.
Yis consili expers mole ruit sua: 65

Yim temperatam di quoque provehunt
In majus ; idem odere vires
Omne nefas animo moventes.
Testis mearum centimanus Gyas
Sententiarum, notus et integrae TO

Temptator Orion Dianae,
Yirginea domitus sagitta.
Injecta monstris Terra dolet suis,
Maeretque partus fulmine luridum

Missos ad Orcum ; nee peredit 75

Impositam celer ignis Aetnen,
Ineontinentis nee Tityi jeeur
Reliquit ales, nequitiae additus
Custos ; amatorem trecentae

Pirithoum cohibent catenae. 80

47ttinna8 55evul8i8 69 g\ga.B, Qjgea e coniectura 71 teotator
76 Aetnam 78 relinquit

70 HORATI CARMINVM

Y.

Caelo tonantem credidimus Jovem
Regnare : praesens divus habebitur
Augustus, adjectis Britannis
Imperio gravibusque Persis.
Milesne Crassi conjuge barbara 5

Turpis maritus vixit, et hostium
(Pro curia inversique mores I)
Consenuit socerorum in armis
Sub rege Medo Marsus et Apulus,
Anciliorum et norainis et togae 10

Oblitus aeternaeque Yestae,
Incolumi Jove et urbe Roma ?
Hoc caverat men^ provida Reguli
Dissentientis condicionibus

Foedis, et exemplo trahentis 15

Perniciem veniens in aevum,
Si non periret immiserabilis
Captiva pubes. " Signa ego Punicis
Adfixa delubris et arma

Militibus sine caede," dixit, 20

" Direpta vidi ; vidi ego civium
Retorta tergo bracchia libero,
Portasque non clausas, et arva
Marte coli populata nostro.
Auro repensus scilicet acrior 25

Miles redibit 1 Flagitio additis
Damnum : neque amissos colores
Lana refert medicata fuco,
Nee vera virtus, cum semel excidit,
Curat reponi deterioribus. 30

Si pugnat extricata densis
Cerva plagis, erit ille fortis
Qui perfidis se credidit hostibus,
Et Marte Poenos proteret altero

arvis 10 anciliorum, nominis 15 trahenti e conieetura
21 derepta 25 redemptus 29 occidit

LIB. III. 5, 6 71

Qui lora restrictis lacertis 35

Seosit iners timuitque mortem.
Hie, unde vitam sumeret inscius,
Pacem duello miscuit O pudorl
O magna Carthago, probrosis

Altior Italiae ruinis!" 40

Fertur pudieae eonjugis osculum
Parvosque natos, ut eapitis minor,
Ab se removisse, et virilem
Torvus humi posuisse voltum,
Donee labantes consilio patres 45

Firmaret auctor numquam alias dato,
Interque mae rentes amicos
Egregius properaret exul.
Atqui sciebat quae sibi barbarus
Tortor pararet ; non aliter tamen 60

Dimovit obstantes propinquos
Et populum reditus morantem,
Quam si clientum longa negotia
Dijudicata lite relinqueret,

Tendens Yenafranos in agros 55

Aut Lacedaemonium Tarentum.

YI.

Delicta majorum immeritus lues,
Romane, donee templa refeceris
Aedesque labentes deorum et
Foeda nigro simulaera fumo.
Dis te minorem quod geris, imperas : 5

Hinc omne prineipium, hue refer exitum :
Di multa neglecti dederunt
Hesperiae mala luetuosae.
Jam bis Monaeses et Pacori manua
Non auspicatos contudit impetus 10

Nostros et adjecisse praedam
Torquibus exiguis renidet.

37 aptias, anxias e coniectura 48 exsul 51 amicos 6 hue omne
9 Monaesia 10 inauspicatos 10 contulit 11 nostril

72 HORATI CARMINVM

Paene occupatam seditionibus
Delevit urbem Dacus et Aethiops,

Hie classe formidatus, ille 15

Missilibus melior sagittis.
Fecunda culpae saecula nuptias
Primum inquinavere et genus et domos ;
Hoc fonte derivata clades

In patriam populumque fluxit. 20

Motus doceri gaudet lonicos
Matura virgo, et fingitur artibus ;
Jam nunc et incestos amores
De tenero meditatur ungui:
Mox juniores quaerit adulteros 25

Inter mariti vina, neque eligit
Cui donet impermissa raptim
Gaudia, luminibus remotis,
Sed jussa coram non sine conscio
Surgit marito, seu vocat institor, 30

Seu navis Hispanae magister,
Dedecorum pretiosus emptor.
Non his juventus orta parentibus
Infecit aequor sanguine Punico,

Pyrrhumque et ingentem cecidit 35

Antiochum Hannibalemque dirum ;
Sed rusticorum mascula militum
Proles, Sabellis docta ligonibus
Yersare glebas et severae

Matris ad arbitrium recisos 40

Portare fustes, sol ubi montium
Mutaret umbras et juga demeret
Bobus fatigatis, amicum

Tempus agens abeunte curru.
Damnosa quid non imminuit dies ? 45

Aetas parentum, pejor avis, tulit
Nos nequiores, mox daturos
Progeniem vitiosiorem.

22 frangitur, fungitur 22 artubus 26 elegit 27 intermissa
28 oscula 30 cum vocat 36 durum 39 glaebas 43 bubua

LIB. III. 6, 7 73

YII.

Quid fles, Asterie, quem tibi candidi
Primo restituent vere Favonii
Thyna meree beatum,
Constantis juvenem fidei,
Gygen ? Ille, Notis actus ad Oricum 5

Post insana Caprae sidera, frigidas
Noctes non sine multis
Insomnis lacrimis agit.
Atqui sollicitae nuntius hospitae,
Suspirare Chloen et miseram tuis 10

Dicens ignibus uri,

Temptat mille vafer modis.
TJt Proetum mulier perfida credulum
Falsis impulerit criminibus, nimis

Casto Bellerophonti .15

Maturare necem, refert ;
Narrat paene datum Pelea Tartaro,
Magnessam Hippolyten dum fugit abstinens ;
Et peccare docentes

Fallax historias movet ; 20

Frustra : nam scopulis surdior Icari
Voces audit adhuc integer. At tibi
Ne vicinus Enipeus

Plus justo placeat cave ;
Quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens 25

Aeque conspicitur gramine Martio,
Nee quisquam citus aeque
Tusco denatat alveo.
Prima nocte domum claude, neque in vias
Sub cantu querulae despice tibiae, 30

Et te saepe vocanti
Duram diflScilis mane.

4 fide 12 teutat 14 oompulerit 20 monet

Ji HO RATI CARMINV:

YIII.

Martiis caelebs quid agam Kalendis,
Quid velint flores et acerra turis
Plena, miraris, positusque carbo in

Caespite vivo,
Docte sermones utriusque linguae ? 5

Yoveram dulces epulas et album
Libero caprum, prope funeratus

Arboris ictu.
Hie dies anno redeunte festus
Corticem adstrictum pice dimovebit 10

Amphorae fumum bibere institutae

Consule Tullo.
Sume, Maecenas, cyathos amici
Sospitis centum, et vigiles lucernas
Perfer in lucem ; procul omnis esto 15

Clamor et ira.
Mitte civiles super urbe curas :
Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen,
Medus infestus sibi luctuosis

Dissidet armis, 20

Servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae,
Cantaber, sera domitus catena,
Jam Scythae laxo meditantur arcu

Cedere campis.
Neglegens ne qua populus laboret, 25

Parce privatus nimium cavere :
Dona praesentis cape laetus horae,

Linque severa.

IX.

Donee gratus eram tibi,

Nee quisquam potior bracchia candidae
Cervici juvenis dabat,

Persarum vigui rege beatior.

2 thuris 10 demovebit 14 hospitis 15 profer 25 negligena
26 cavere et K. 27 rape 27 horae ac K., horae et 0.

LIB. III. 8-10 75

* Donee non alia magis 5

Arsisti, neque erat Lydia post Cbloen,
Multi Lydia nominis

Komana vigui clarior Ilia.'
Me nunc Thressa Chloe regit,

Dulces docta modos et citharae sciens, 10

Pro qua non metuam mori,

Si parcent animae fata superstiti.

* Me torret face mutua

. Thurini Calais filius Ornyti,
Pro quo bis patiar mori, 15

Si parcent puero fata superstiti.*
Quid si prisca redit Venus

Diductosque jugo cogit aeneo ?
Si flava excutitur Chloe,

Rejectaeque patet janua Lydiae ? 20

* Quamquam sidere pulchrior

Ille est, tu levior cortice et improbo
Iracundior Hadria,

Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens.'

X.

Extremum Tanain si biberes, Lyce,
Saevo nupta viro, me tamen asperas
Porrectum ante fores objicere incolis

Plorares Aquilonibus.
Audis quo strepitu janua, quo nemus 6

Inter pulchra satum tecta remugiat
Ventis, et positas ut glaciet nives

Puro numine Juppiter?
Ingratam Veneri pone superbiam,
Ne currente retro funis eat rota. 10

Non te Penelopen diflficilem procia

Tyrrhenus genuit parens.
O quamvis neque te munera nee preces
Nee tinctus viola pallor amantium

6 aliam 1<^ deductos 21 quamvis 6 situm

76 HORATI CARMINVM

Nec vir Pieria pellice saucius 15

Curvat, supplicibus tuis
Parcas, nee rigida mollior aeseulo
Nee Mauris animum mitior anguibus.
Non hoe semper erit liminis aut aquae

Caelestis patiens latus. 20

XI.

Mereuri, (nam te docilis magistro.
Movit Amphion lapides canendo,)
Tuque, testudo, resonare septem

Callida nervis,
Nee loquax olim neque grata, nunc et 5

Divitum mensis et amiea templis,
Die modos, Lyde quibus obstinatas

Applicet aures.
Quae, velut latis equa trima campis,
Ludit exultim metuitque tangi, 10

Nuptiarum expers et adhuc protervo

Cruda marito.
Tu potes tigres comitesque silvas
Ducere, et rivos celeres morari ;
Cessit immanis tibi blandienti 15

Janitor aulae,
Cerberus, quamvis furiale centum
Muniant angues caput, ejus atque
Spiritus teter saniesque manet

Ore trilingui. 20

Quin et Ixion Tityosque voltu
Kisit invito ; stetit urna paulum
Sicca, dum grato Danai puellas

Carmine mulces.
Audiat Lyde scelus atque notas 25

Yirginum poenas, et inane lymphae
Dolium fundo pereuntis imo,

Seraque fata

18 animo 10 exsultim 18 exeatque e coniectura

LIB. III. 11, 12 77

Quae manent culpas etiam sub Oreo.

Impiae, — nam quid potuere majus ? — 30

Impiae spousos potuere duro

Perdere ferro !
Una de multis, face nuptiali
Digna, perjurum fuit in parentem
Splendide mendax, et in omne virgo 35

Nobilis aevum,
" Surge," quae dixit juveni marito,
*' Surge, ne longus tibi somnus, unde
Non times, detur ; socerum et scelestas

Falle sorores, 40

Quae, velut nactae vitulos leaenae,
Singulos eheu lacerant : ego illis
MoUior nee te feriam, neque intra

Claustra tenebo.
Me pater saevis oneret catenis, 45

Quod viro clemens misero peperci ;
Me vel extremos Numidarum in agros

Classe releget.
I, pedes quo te rapiunt et aurae,
Dum favet nox et Yenus ; i secundo 50

Omine, et nostri meraorem sepulchro

Scalpe querellam."

XII.

Miserarum est neque amori

Dare ludum, neque dulci
Mala vino lavere, aut exanimari metuentes
Patruae vcrbera linguae.

Tibi qualum Cythereae 6

Puer ales, tibi telas
Operosaeque Minervae studium aufert, Neobule,
Liparaei nitor Hebri,

Simul unctos Tiberinis

Humeros lavit in undis, 10

29 cnlpis Zl, 32 ferro Perdere duro 49 rapicnt

52 scuipe 52 querelam

78 HORATI CARMINVM

Eques ipso melior Bellerophonte, neque pugno
Neque segni pede victus ;
Catus idem per apertum
Fugientes agitato
Grege cervos jaculari, et celer alto latitantem 15
Fruticeto excipere aprum.

XIII.

O fons Bandusiae, splendidior vitro,
Dulci digne mero non sine floribus,
Cras donaberis haedo,

Cui frons turgida cornibus
Primis et venerem et proelia destinat ; 5

Frustra : nam gelidos infieiet tibi
Rubro sanguine rivos
Lascivi suboles gregis.
Te flagrantis atrox hora Caniculae
Nescit tangere, tu frigus amabile 10

Fessis vomere tauris
Praebes et pecori vago.
Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium,
Me dicente cavis impositam ilicem

Saxis, unde loquaces 16

Lymphae desiliunt tuae.

XIY.

Herculis ritu modo dictus, o plebs,
Morte venalem petiisse laurum,
Caesar Hispana repetit penates

Victor ab ora.
Unico gaudens mulier marito 5

Prodeat justis operata sacris,
Et soror clari ducis, et decorae

Supplice vitta

15 et omittunt nonnulli 15 arto 8 soboles 16 nymphac
6 operata divis 7 cari

LIB. III. 13-15 79

Yirginum matres juvenumque nuper
Sospitum. Yos, o pueri et puellae 10

Jam virum expertae, male ominatis

Parcite verbis.
Hie dies vere mi hi festus atras
Eximet curas ; ego nee tumultura
Nee mori per vim metuam, tenente 15

Caesare terras.
I, pete unguentum, puer, et coronas
Et cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem

Fallere testa. 20

Die et argutae properet Neaerae
Murreum nodo cohibere crinem ;
Si per invisum mora janitorem

Fiet, abito.
Lenit albescens animos capillus 25

Litium et rixae cupidos protervae ;
Non ego hoc ferrem calidus juventa,

Consule Planco.

XY.

Uxor pauperis Ibyci,

Tandem nequitiae fige modum tuae
Famosisque laboribus :

Maturo propior desine funeri
Inter ludere virgines, 5

Et stellis nebulam spargere candidis.
Non, si quid Pholoen satis,

Et te, Chlori, decet: filia rectius
Expugnat juvenum domos,

Pulso Thyias uti concita tympano. 10

Illam cogit amor Nothi

Lascivae similem ludere capreae ;
Te lanae prope nobilem

Tonsae Luceriam, non citharae, decent,

11 baud virum e coni., nominatig 14 exiget, exigit 22 murrbeutn edd.,
myrrbeum edd. 2 pone

80 HOBATI CARMINVM

Nec flos purpureas rosae, 15

Nee poti, vetulam, faece tenas cadi.

XVI.

Inclusam Danaen turris aenea,
Robustaeque fores, et vigilum canum
Tristes excubiae munierant satis

Nocturnis ab adulteris,
Si non Acrisiura, virginis abditae 5

Custodem pavidum, Juppiter et Yenus
Risissent : fore enim tutum iter et patens

Converso in pretium deo.
Aurum per medios ire satellites
Et perrumpere amat saxa potentius 10

Ictu fulmineo : concidit auguris

Argivi domus, ob lucrum
Demersa exitio ; diffidit urbium
Portas vir Macedo, et submit aemulos
Reges muneribus ; munera navium 1 5

Saevos illaqueant duces.
Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam,
Majorumque fames. Jure perborrui
Late conspicuum tollere verticem,

Maecenas, equitum decus. 20

Quanto quisque sibi plura negaverit,
Ab dis plura feret : nil cupientium
Nudus castra peto, et transfuga divitum

Partes linquere gestio,
Contemptae dominus splendidior rei, 25

Quam si quicquid arat impiger Apulus
Occultare meis dicerer horreis,

Magnas inter opes inops.
Purae rivus aquae, silvaque jugerum
Paucorum, et segetis certa fides meae, 30

Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africae

Fallit sorte beatior.
Quamquam nec Calabrae mella ferunt apes,

16 vetula 13 dimersa 13 excidio 22 a 26 non piger

I

LIB. III. 16-18 81

Nee Laestrygonia Bacchus in amphora
Languescit mi hi, nee pinguia Gallicis 35

Crescunt vellera pascuis,
Importuna tamen pauperies abest,
Nee, si plura velim, tu dare deneges.
Contracto melius parva cupidine

Yectigalia porrigam, 40

Quam si Mygdoniis regnum Alyattei
Campis continuem. Multa petentibus
Desunt multa : bene est, cui deus obtulit

Parca quod satis est manu.

XYII.

Aeli, vetusto nobilis ab Lamo,
(Quando et priores hinc Lamias ferunt
Denominates et nepotum

Per memores genus omne fastos ;
Auctore ab illo ducis originem, 5

Qui Formiarum moenia dicitur
Princeps et innantem Maricae
Litoribus tenuisse Lirim,
Late tyrannus : ) eras foliis nemus
Multis et alga litus inutili 10

Demissa tempestas ab Euro
Sternet, aquae nisi fallit augur,
Annosa comix. Dum potes, aridum
Compone lignum : eras Geniura mere

Curabis et porco bimestri, 16

Cum famulis operum solutis.

XYIII.

Faune, Nympharum fugientum amator,
Per meos fines et aprica rura
Lenis incedas, abeasque parvis
Aequus alumnis,

i ducit e coniectura 13 potis 15 porca 15 bimenBtri
Uor. 6

82 HORATI CARMINVM

Si tener pleno cadit haedus anno, 5

Larga nee desunt Yeneris sodali
Yina craterae, vetus ara multo

Fumat odore.
Ludit herboso pecus omne campo,
Cum tibi Nonae redeunt Decembres ; 1 0

Festus in pratis vacat otioso

Cum bove pagus ;
Inter audaces lupus errat agnos ;
Spargit agrestes tibi sUvo, frondes ;
Gaudet invisam pepulisse fossor 15

Ter pede terram.

XIX.

Quantum distet ab Inacho

Codrus, pro patria non timidus mori,
Narras, et genus Aeaci,

Et pugnata saero bella sub Ilio :
Quo Chium pretio cadum 5

Mercemur, quis aquam temperet ignibus,
Quo praebente domum et quota

Pelignis caream frigoribus, taces.
Da lunae propere novae,

Da noctis mediae, da, puer, auguris 10

Murenae : tribus aut novem

Miscentur cyathis pocula commodis.
Qui Musas amat impares,

Ternos ter cyathos attonitus petet
Yates; tres prohibet supra 15

Rixarum metuens tangere Gratia
Nudis juncta sororibus.

Insanire juvat : cur Berecyntiae
Cessant fiamina tibiae ?

Cur pendet tacita fistula cum lyra ? 20

Parcentes ego dexteras

Odi : sparge rosas ; audiat invidus

5 cadet 6 Veneri 12 pardus 1 distat

2 non timidus pro patria 12 miscentor « conieetura

LIB. III. 19-21 B$

Dementem strepitum Lycus,

Et vicina seni non habilis Lyco.
Spissa te nitidum coma, 25

Puro te similem, Telephe, Yespero
Tempestiva petit Rhode :

Me lentus Glycerae torret amor meae.

XX

Non vides quanto moveas periclo,
Pyrrhe, Gaetulae catulos leaenae ?
Dura post paulo fugies inaudax

Proelia raptor,
Cum per obstantes juvenum catervas 5

Ibit insignem repetens Nearchum :
Grande certamen, tibi praeda cedat

Major an illi.
Interim, dum tu celeres sagittas
Promis, haec dentes acuit timendos, 10

Arbiter pugnae posuisse nudo

Sub pede palmam
Fertur, et leni recreare vento
Sparsum odoratis humerum capillis,
Qualis aut Nireus fuit, aut aquosa 15

Raptus ab Ida.

XXI.

O nata mecum consule Manlio,
Seu tu querellas sive geris jocos,
Seu rixam et insanos amores,
Seu facilem, pia testa, somnum,
Quocumque lectum nomine Massicum 5

Servas, moveri digna bono die,
Descende, Corvino jubente
Promere languidiora vina.

1 taraultu .3 paulutn 7, 8 praeda major Cedat an illi.

8 ilia e coniectura 10 superbos 2 querelas 5 nuinine

84 HORATI GARMINVM

Non ille, quamquam Socraticis madet
Sermonibus, te negleget horridus : 10

Narratur et prisci Catonis
Saepe mero caluisse virtus.
Tu lene tormentum ingenio admoves
Plerumque duro ; tu sapientium

Curas et arcanum jocoso 15

Consilium retegis Lyaeo ;
Tu spem reducis mentibus anxiis,
Viresque et addis cornua pauperi,
Post te neque iratos trementi

Regum apices neque militum arma. 20
Te Liber, et, si laeta aderit, Venus,
Segnesque nodum solvere Gratiae,
Vivaeque producent lucernae,

Dum rediens fugat astra. Phoebus.

XXII.

Montium custos nemorumque, Yirgo,
Quae laborantes utero puellas
Ter vocata audis, adiraisque leto,

Diva triformis,
Imminens villae tua pinus esto, 5

Quam per exactos ego laetus annos
Yerris obliquum meditantis ictum

Sanguine donem.

XXIII.

Caelo supinas si tuleris manus
Nascente Luna, rustica Phidyle,
Si ture placaris et horna
Fruge Lares avidaque porca,
Nee pestilentem sentiet Africum 5

Fecunda vitis, nee sterilem seges
Robiginem, aut dulces alumni
Pomifero grave tempus anno.

10 neglegit, negliget 3 thure 7 rubiginem

LIB. III. 22-24 • 85

Nam, quae nivali pascitur Algido
Devota quercus inter et ilices, 10

Aut crescit Albanis in herbis,
Yictima, pontificum secures
Cervice tingue.t : te nihil attinet
Temptare multa caede bidentium

Parvos coronantem marino 15

Rore deos fragilique myrto.
Immunis aram si tetigit manus,
JSon sumptuosa blandior hostia
Mollivit aversos Penates

Farre pio et saliente mica. 20

XXIY.

Intactis opulentior

Thesauris Arabum et divitis Indiae
Caementis licet occupes

Tyrrhenum omne tuis et mare Apulicum,
Si figit adamantines 5

Summis verticibus dira Necessitas
Clavos, non animum metu,

Non mortis laqueis expedies caput.
Campestres melius Scythae,

Quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt domos, 10
Vivunt, et rigidi Getae,

Immetata quibus jugera liberas
Fniges et Cererem ferunt,

Nee cultura placet longior annua,
Defunctumque laboribus 15

Aequali recreat sorte vicarius.
Jllic matre carentibus

Privignis mulier temperat innocens,
Nee dotata regit virum
I Conjunx, nee nitido fidit adultero. 20

12 securim 13 tinget 14 tentare 19 mollibit

4 Tirrenum, terrenum e coniectura 4 publicum, Punicum, Punticum

10 domos rite trahunt vaga» 20 coniux

6 HORATI CARMINVM

Dos est magna parentium

Yirtus et metuens alterius viri
Certo foedere castitas,

Et peccare nefas, aut pretium est mori.
O quisquis volet impias 25

Caedes et rabiem tollere civicam,
Si quaeret pater vrbivm

Subscribi statuis, indomitam audeat
Refrenare licentiam,

Clams postgenitis : quatenus (heu nefas I ) 30
Yirtutem incolumem odimus,

Sublatam ex oculis quaerimus, invidi.
Quid tristes querimoniae,

Si non supplicio culpa reciditur ?
Quid leges sine moribus 35

Yanae proficiunt, si neque fervidis
Pars inclusa caloribus

Mundi nee Boreae finitimum latus
Durataeque solo nives

Mercatorem abigunt, horrida callidi ^0

Yincunt aequora navitae,

Magnum pauperies opprobrium jubet
Quidvis et facere et pati,

Yirtutisque viam deserit arduae ?
Yel nos in Gapitolium, 45

Quo clamor vocat et turba faventium,
Yel nos in mare proximum

Gemmas et lapides aurum et inutile,
Summi materiem mali,

Mittamus, scelerum si bene paenitet. 50

Eradenda cupidinis

Pravi sunt elementa, et tenerae nimis
Mentes asperioribus

Formandae studiis. Nescit equo rudis
Haerere ingenuus puer, 55

Yenarique timet, ludere doctior,

24 pretium emori, pretium mori 26 aut 27 quaerit 30 carus
49 materiam 52 prava 54 firmandae e coniectura

LIB. III. 24-26 87

Seu Graeco jubeas trocho,

Seu malis vetita legibus alea,
Cum perjura patris fides

Consortem socium fallat et bospites, 60

Indignoque pecuniam

Heredi properet. Scilicet improbae
Crescunt divitiae : tamen

Cartas nescio quid semper abest rei.

XXY.

Quo me, Bacche, rapis tui

Plenum ? quae nemora aut quos agor in specus
Yelox mente nova? quibus

Antris egregii Caesaris audiar
Aeternum meditans decus 5

Stellis inserere et consilio Jovis ?
Dicam insigne, recens, adbuc

Indictum ore alio. Non secus in jugis
Exsomnis stupet Euias,

Hebrum prospiciens et nive candidam 10

Thracen ac pede barbaro

Lustratam Rhodopen, ut mihi devio
Ripas et vacuum nemus

Mirari libet. O Naiadum potens,
Baccharumque valentium 15

Proceras manibus vertere fraxinos,
Nil parvum aut humili modo,

Nil mortale loquar. Dulce periculum est,
O Lenaee, sequi deum

Cingentem viridi tempora pampino. 20

XXYI.

Vixi puellis nupor idoncus
Et militavi non sine gloria;

aO hospitem 2 in nemora 2 et quos 6 concilio 9 EuhlaS
12 ac mihi 1.3 rupc», rivos Bent. 18 est omit.

88 HORATI CARMINVM

Nunc arm a defunctumque bello
Barbiton hie paries habebit,
Laevum marinae qui Yeneris latus 5

Custodit. Hie, hie ponite lucida
Funalia et vectes et areus
Oppositis foribus minaces.
O quae beatam diva tenes Cyprum et
Memphin carentem Sithonia nive, 10

Regina, sublimi flagello

Tange Chloen semel arrogantem.

XXYII.

Impios parrae recinentis omen
Dueat et praegnans canis, aut ab agro
Rava deeurrens lupa Lanuvino

Fetaque volpes ;
Rumpit et serpens iter institutum, 6

Si per obliquum similis sagittae
Terruit mannos : ego, cui timebo,

Providus auspex,
Antequam stantes repetat paludes
Imbrium divina avis imminentum, 10

Oscinem corvum preee suscitabo

Solis ab ortu.
Sis licet felix, ubieumque mavis,
Et memor nostri, Galatea, vivas,
Teque nee laevus vetet ire picus 15

Nee vaga comix.
Sed vides quanto trepidet tumultu
Pronus Orion. Ego quid sit ater
Hadriae novi sinus, et quid albus

Peceet lapyx. 20

Hostium uxores puerique caecos
Sentiant motus orientis Austri et
Aequoris nigri fremitum et trementes

Yerbere ripas.

7 ABci&a K. e coniectura 9 regis 2praegnas 4vulpes 5 rumpat
7 cur, quid 15 levis 15 vetat 17 trepidat 22 sentient

LIB. III. 27 89

Sic et Europe niveum doloso 25

Credidit tauro latus, et scatentem
Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes

Palluit audax.
Nuper in pratis studiosa florum et
Debitae Nymphis opifex coronae, 30

Nocte sublustri nihil astra praeter

Yidit et undas.
Quae simul centum tetigit potentem
Oppidis Creten, " Pater, o relictum
Filiae nomen, pietasque," dixit, 35

" Victa furore I
TJnde, quo, veni ? Levis una mors est
Yirginum culpae. Yigilansne ploro
Turpe commissum, an vitiis carentem

Ludit imago 40

Yana, quae porta fugiens eburna
Somnium ducit ? Meliusne fluctus
Ire per longos fuit, an recentes

Carpere flores?
Si quis infamem mihi nunc juvencum 45

Dedat iratae, lacerare ferro et
Frangere enitar modo multum amati

Cornua monstri.
Impudens liqui patrios Penates,
Impudens Orcum moror. O deorum 50

Si quis haec audis, utinam inter errem

Nuda leonesl
Antequam turpis macies decentes
Occupet malas, teneraeque sucus
Defluat praedae, speciosa quaero 55

Pascere tigres.
'Yilis Europe,' pater urget absens,
' Quid mori cessas ? Potes hac ab orno
Pendulum zona bene te secuta

Laedere collum. 60

Sive te rupes et acuta leto

27 belluis 48 tauri 54 buccub 60 elidere

90' HORATI CARMINVM

Saxa delectant, age, te procellae
Crede veloci, nisi herile mavis

Carpere pensum,
Regius sanguis, dominaeque tradi 65

Barbarae pellex.' " — Aderat querenti
Perfidum ridens Venus et remisso

Filius arcu.
Mox, ubi lusit satis, " Abstineto,"
Dixit, " irarum calidaeque rixa«, *?0

Cum tibi invisus laceranda reddet

Cornua taurus.
Uxor invicti Jovis esse nescis :
Mitte singultus, bene ferre magnam
Disce fortunam ; tua sectus orbis "^^

Nomina ducet."

XXYIII.

Festo quid potius die

Neptuni faciam ? Prome reconditum
Lyde strenua Caecubum,

Munitaeque adhibe vim sapientiae.
Inclinare meridiem 6

Sentis, ac, veluti stet volueris dies,
Parcis deripere horreo

Cessantem Bibuli consulis ampboram ?
Nos cantabimus invicem

Neptunum et vi rides Nereidum comas ; 10
Tu curva recines lyra

Latonam et celeris spicula Cynthiae ;
Summo carmine, quae Cnidon

Fulgentesque tenet Cycladas, et Paphon
Junctis visit oloribus; , 15

Dicetur merita Nox quoque nenia.

66 paelex 71 reddit 6 et 9 invices 10 chores
11 turn e coniectura 13 Gnidon 14 Paphum

LIB. III. 28, 29 91

XXIX.

Tyrrhena regum progenies, tibi
Non ante verso lene meruni cado
Cum flore, Maecenas, rosarum et
Pressa tuis balanus capillis
Jamdudum apud me est. Eripe te morae, 5
Ne semper udum Tibur et Aesulae
Declive coBtcmpleris arvum et
Telegoni juga parricidae.
Fastidiosam desere copiam et
Molem propinquam nubibus arduis; 10

Omitte mirari beatae

Fumum et opes strepitumque Romae.
Plerumque gratae divitibus vices,
Mundaeque parvo sub lare pauperum

Cenae sine aulaeis et ostro 15

Sollicitam explicuere frontem.
Jam clarus occultum Andromedae pater
Ostendit ignem, jam Procyon furit
Et Stella vesani Leonis,

Sole dies referente siccos ; 20

Jam pastor umbras cum grege languido
Rivumque fessus quaerit et horridi
Dumeta Silvani, caretque
Ripa vagis taciturna ventis.
Tu civitatem quis deceat status 25

Curas, et urbi sollicitus times
Quid Seres et regnata Cyro

Bactra parent Tanaisque discors.
Prudens futuri temporis exitum
Caliginosa nocte premit deus, 30

Ridetque si mortalis ultra

Fas trepidat. Quod adest memento
Componere aequus : cetera fluminis
Ritu feruntur, nunc medio alveo

2 Tersum 6 ncc 15 caenae, coenae 22 horrida 31 mortalos
32 trepidant 34 acquoro

92 HORATI CARMINVM

Cum pace delabentis Etruscum 35

In mare, nunc lapides adesos
Stirpesque raptas et pecus et domos
Yolventis una, non sine montium
Clamore vicinaeque silvae,
Cum fera diluvies quietos 40

Irritat amnes. Ille potens sui
Laetusque deget, cui licet in diem
Dixisse " Yixi : eras vel atra
Nube polum Pater occupato,
Yel sole puro ; non tamen irritum, 45

Quodcumqi e retro est, eflBciet, neque
DiflBnget infectumque reddet
Quod fugiens semel hora vexit."
Fortuna, saevo laeta negotio et
Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax, 50

Transmutat incertos honores,
Nunc mibi, nunc alii benigna.
Laudo manentem ; si celeres quatit
Pennas, resigno quae dedit, et mea

Virtute me involvo, probamque 55

Pauperiem sine dote quaere.
Non est meum, si mugiat Africis
Mains procellis, ad miseras preces
Decurrere, et votis pacisci,

Ne Cypriae Tyriaeque merces 60

Addant avaro divitias mari:
Tum me biremis praesidio scaphae
Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus
Aura feret geminusque Pollux.

^ XXX.

V--- Exegi monumentuifi acre perennius,
''\ Kegalique situ pyramidum altius,

Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotens

Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis

37 aomus Seruius ad Aen. iii. 94. 42 degit 60 Syriae 62 tunc

LIB. III. 30 93

Annorum series et fuga temporum, 6

Non omnis moriar, multaque pars mei
Yitabit Libitinam : usque ego postera
Crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium
Scandet cum tacita virgine pontifex.
Dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus 10

Et qua pauper aquae Daunus agrestium
Regnavit populorum, ex humili potens
Princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos
Deduxisse modos. Sume superbiam
Quaesitam meritis, et mihj Delphica 15

Lauro cinge volens, Melpomene, comam.

12 regnator

Q. HORATI FLACCI

C A R M I N V M

LIBER QVARTVS

I.

Intermissa, Yenus, diu

Rursus bella moves ? Parce, precor, precor.
Non sum qualis eram bonae

Sub regno Cinarae. Desine, dulcium
Mater saeva Cupidinum, 6

Circa lustra decem flectere mollibus
Jam durum imperils; abi

Quo blandae juvenum te revocant preces.
Tempestivius in domum

Pauli purpureis ales oloribus 10

Commissabere Maximi,

Si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum :
Namque et nobilis et decens

Et pro sollicitis non tacitus reis
Et centum puer artium 15

Late signa feret militiae tuae,
Et quandoque potentior

Largi muneribus riserit aemuli,
Albanos prope te lacus

Ponet marmoream sub trabe citrea. 20

Illic plurima naribus

Duces tura, lyraeque et Berecyntiae

9 domo 10 Paun 18 largis 20 Cjpria

22 thura 22 lyraque 22 Berecyntia

94

LIB. IV. 1, 2 95

Delectabere tibiae

Mixtis carminibus non sine fistula ;
lUic bis pueri die 25

Numeu cum teneris virginibus tuum
Laudantes pede candido

In morem Salium ter quatient humum.

II.

Pindarum quisquis studet aemulari,
luie, ceratis ope Daedalea
Nititur pennis, vitreo daturus

Nomina ponto.
Monte decurrens velut amnis, imbres 6

Quem super notas aluere ripas,
Fervet immensusque ruit profundo

Pindarus ore,
Laurea donandus Apollinari,
Seu per audaces nova dithyrambos 10

Yerba devolvit numerisque fertur

Lege solutis,
Seu deos regesve canit, deorum
Sanguinem, per quos cecidere justa
Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae 15

^lamma Chimaerae ;
Sive quos Elea domuni reducit
Palma caelestes pugilemve equumve
Dicit, et centum potiore signis

Munere donat, 20

Flebili sponsae juvenemve raptum
Plorat, et vires animumque moresque '^-^

Aureos educit in astra nigroque ^^

Invidet Oreo.
Multa Dircaeum levat aura cygaum, 25

Tendit, Antoni, quotien» in alios
Nubium tractus : ego, apis Matinae

More modoque,

23 tihia 28 qustiunt . 3 pianig 6 cum 6 sulucre, saliere
13 regcsquo 23 reducit 25 cycnuin 26 (juoties

y6 HORATI CARMINVM

Grata carpentis thyma per laborem
Plurimum, circa nemus uvidique 30

Tiburis ripas, operosa parvus

Carmina fingo.
Concines majore poeta plectro
Caesarem, quandoque trahet feroces
Per sacrum clivum, merita decorus 35

Fronde, Sygambros:
Quo nihil majus meliusve terris
Fata donavere bonique divi,
Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurura

Tempora priscum. 40

Concines laetosque dies et urbis
Publicum ludum super impetrato
Fortis Augusti reditu, forumque

Litibus orbum.
Tum meae, si quid loquar audiendum, 45

Vocis accedet bona pars, et " 0 Sol
Pulcher ! o laudande I " canam, recepto

Caesare felix.
Teque, dum procedis, io Triumphe I
Non semel dicemus, io Triumphe! 60

Civitas omnis, dabira usque divis

Tura benignis.
Te decem tauri totidemque vaccae,
Me tener sol vet vitulus, relicta
Matre qui largis juvenescit herbia . 55

In mea vota,
Fronte curvatos imitatus ignes
Tertium lunae referentis ortum,
Qua notam duxit, niveus videri,

Cetera fulvus. 60

IIL

Quern tu, Melpomene, semel

Nascentem placido lumine videris,

83, 41 concinet e coniectura 36 Sigambros 45 loquor 49 tuque
49 procedit 58 orbem

LIB. IV. 3; 4 97

Ilium non labor Isthmius

Clarabit pugilem, non equus impiger
Curru ducet Achaico 5

Yictorem, neque res bellica Deliis
Ornatum foliis ducem,

Quod regum tumidas contuderit minas,
Ostendet Capitolio :

Sed quae Tibur aquae fertile praefluunt, 10
Et spissae nemorum comae

Fingent Aeolio carmine nobilem.
Romae principis urbium

Dignatur suboles inter amabiles
Vatum ponere me choros, 15

Et jam dente minus mordeor invido.
O testudinis aureae

Dulcem quae strepitum, Fieri, temperas,
O mutis quoque piscibus

Donatura cygni, si libeat, sonum, 20

Totum muneris hoc tui est,

Quod monstror digito praetereuntium
Romanae fidicen lyrae ;

Quod spiro et placeo, si placeo, tuum est.

IV.

Qualem ministrum fulminis alitem,
Cui rex deorum regnum in aves vagas
Permisit expertus fidelem
Juppiter in Ganymede flavo,
Olim juventas et patrius vigor 5

Nido laborum propub't insciura,
Vernique jam nimbis remotis
Insolitos docuere nisus
Venti paventem, mox in ovilia
Demisit hostem vividus impetus, 10

Nunc in reluctantes dracones
Egit amor dapis atque pugnae ;

5 Achaio 10 perfluunt 14 Bobolcs 6 protulit 7 vcrni«
Hor. 7

98 HORATl CARMINVM

Qualemve laetis caprea pascuis
Intenta fulvae matris ab ubere

Jam lacte depulsum leonem, 15

Dente novo peritura, vidit:
Yidere Raetis bella sub Alpibus
Drusum gerentem Yindelici ; (quibus
Mos unde deductus per omne

Tempus Amazonia securi 20

Dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli,
Nee scire fas est omnia ;) sed diu
Lateque victrices cater vae
Consiliis juvenis revictae
Sensere quid mens rite, quid indolea 25

Nutrita faustis sub penetralibus
Posset, quid Augusti paternus
In pueros animus Nerones.
Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis ;
Est in juvencis, est in equis patrum 30

Virtus, neque imbellem feroces
Progenerant aquilae columbam :
Doctrina sed vim promovet insitam,
Rectique cultus pectora roborant ;

Utcumque defecere mores, 35

Indecorant bene nata culpae.
Quid debeas, o Roma, Neronibus,
Testis Metaurum flumen, et Hasdrubal
Devictus, et pulcber fugatis

Ille dies Latio tenebris, 40

Qui primus alma risit adorea,
Dims per urbes Afer ut Italas
Ceu flamma per taedas vel Eurus
Per Siculas equitavit undas.
Post hoc secundis usque laboribus 45

Romana pubes crevit, et impio
Yastata Poenorum tumultu
Fana deos habuere rectos,

17 Raeti 18 et Vindelici

18-22 quibus — sed del. editores complurea 21 subarmet

24 repressae 36 dedecorant 42 durus

LIB. IV. 4, 5 99

Dixitque tandem perfidus Hannibal :
" Cervi, luporum praeda rapacium, 50

Sectamur ultro quos opimus

Fallere et efifugere est triumphus.
Gens, quae cremato fortis ab Ilio
Jactata Tuscis aequoribus sacra

Natosque maturosque patres 55

Pertulit Ausonias ad urbes,
Duris ut ilex tonsa bipennibus
Niofrae feraci frondis in Algido,
Per damna, per caedes, ab ipso

Ducit opes animuraque ferro. 60

Non Hydra secto corpore firmior
Vinci dolentem crevit in Herculem,
Monstrumve submisere Colchi
MaJQS Echioniaeve Thebae.
Merses profundo, pulchrior evenit ; 65

Luctere, multa proruet integrum
Cum laude victorem, geretque
Proelia conjugibus loquenda.
Carthagini jam non ego nuntios
Mittam superbos : occidit, occidit TO

Spes omnis et fortuna nostri
Nominis Hasdrubale interempto.
Nil Claudiae non perficient manus,
Quas et benigno numine Juppiter

Defendit, et curae sagaces t5

Expediunt per acuta belli."

Divls orte bonis, optime Romjilae
Gustos gentis, abes jam nimium diuj
Maturum reditum pollicitus patrum

Sancto concilio, redi.
Lueem redde tuae, dux bone, patriae : i

62 est om. 60 animosque O'j mersus 65 exiet 66 proruit

67 gerit 73 perficiunt 76 bella 1 optume

4 consilio

100 HORATT CARMINVM

Instar veris enim voltus ubi tuus
Aifulsit populo, gratior it dies

Et soles melius nitent. .,.\,^e,)j^^

XJt mater juvenem, quem Notus invido
. Flatu Carpathii trans maris aequora 10

Cu&'tantfem spatio longius annuo

Dulci distinet a domo,
Yotis ominibusque et precibus vocat,
Cur^o nee faciem litore dimovet :
Sic desideriis icta fidelibus 15

Quaerit patria Caesarem.
Tutus bos etenim rura perambulat,
Nutrit rura Ceres almaque Faustitas,
Pacatura voHtant per mare navitae,

Culpari metuit Fides, 20

Nullis polluitur casta domus stupris,
Mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas,
Laudantur simili prole puerperae,
Culpam poena premit comes.
Quis Parthum paveat, quis gelidum Scythen, 25
Quis Germania quos horrida parturit
Fetus, incolumi Caesare? quis ferae

Bellum curet Hiberiae?
Condit quisque diem collibus in suis,
Et vitem viduas ducit ad arbores ; 30

Hinc ad vina redit, laetus et alteris

Te mensis adhibet deum ;
Te multa prece, te prosequitur mere
Defuso pateris, et Laribus tuum
Miscet numen, uti Graecia, Castoris 35

Et magni memor Herculis.
" Longas o utinam, dux bone, ferias
Praestes Hesperiae ! " dicimus iutegro
Sicci mane die, dicimus uvidi,

Cum sol Oceano subest. 40

6 vultus 7 efifulsit 14 demovet 18 nutritura 31 venvt
34difaso 37 rex

LIB. IV. 5, 6 101

yi.

Dive, quem proles Niobea magnae
Yindieem linguae Tityosque raptor
Sensit et Trojae prope victor altae

Phthius Achilles,
Ceteris major, tibi miles impar, 5

Filius quaravis Thetidis marinae
Dardanas turres qiiateret tremenda

Cuspide pugnax :
Ille, mordaci velut icta ferro
Pinus aut impulsa cupressus Euro, 10

Procidit late posuitque collum in

Pulvere Teucro :
Ille non inclusus equo Minervae,
Sacra mentito, male feriatos
Troas et lactam Priami choreia 15

Falleret aulam,
Sed palam captis gravis, heu nefas heu 1
Nescios fari pueros Achivis
Ureret flammis, etiam latentem

Matris in alvo, 20

Ni tuis victus Venerisque gratae
Vocibus divom pater annuisset
Rebus Aeneae potiore ductos

Alite muros.
Doctor argutae fidicen Thaliae, 25

Phoebe, qui Xantho lavis amne crines,
Dauniae defende decus Camenae,

Levis Agyieu.
Spiritum Phoebus mihi, Phoebus artem
Carminis nomenque dedit poetae. 30

Virginum primae puerique Claris

Patribus orti,
Deliae tutela deae, fugaces
Lyncas et cervos cohibentis arcu,

10 impressft 11 in omit, 17 victor gravis, raptor grarii
21 flexoi glo»$ema 22 divum 25 Argivae

102 HORATI CARMINVM

Lesbium servate pedem meique 35

Pollicis ictum,
Rite Latonae puerum canentes,
Rite crescentem face Noctilucam,
Prosperam frugum celeremque pronos

Yolvere menses. 40

Nupta jam dices : " Ego dis amicum,
Saeculo festas referente luces,
Reddidi carmen, docilis modorum

Yatis Horati."

YII.

^ •'■Liw W- "• '- "^ <-■ / ^ V v^ / I -

Diffugfer^niVg^, red^unt jam gramina campis

' Arboribiisqiie c^fiae ;

Mutat terra vices, et decrescentia ripas

Flumina praetereunt ;
Gratia cum Nymphis geminisque sororibus audet 5

Ducere nuda choros.
Immortalia ne speres, monet annus et almum

Quae rapit bora diem.
Frigora mitescunt Zephyris ; ver proterit aestas,

Interitura, simul 10

Pomifer autumnus fruges eflfuderit ; et mox

Bruma recurrit iners.
Damna tamen celeres reparant caelestia lunae :

Nos, ubi decidimus,
Quo pius Aeneas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, 15

Pulvis et umbra sumus.
Qui& scit an adjiciant hodiernae crastina summae

Tempora di superi ?
Cuncta manus avidas fugient heredis, amico

Quae dederis animo. 20

Cum semel occideris et de te splendida Minos

Fecerit arbitria,
Non, Torquate, genus, non te fdcundia, non te

Restituet pietas:

38 noctiluca 7 album 12 recurret 15 pater Aenea»
15 Tullus, dives 17 vitae gloasema

LIB. IV. 7, 8 103

Infernis neque eaim tenebris Diana pudicum 25

Liberat Hippolytum,
Nee Lethaea valet The^\is abrumpere caro ,'

Yincula Pirithoo.

YIIL

Donarem pateras grataque commodus,

Censorine, meis aera sodalibus,

Donarem tripodas, praemia fortium

Graiorum, neque tu pessima munerura

Ferres, divite me scilicet artium, 5

Quas aut Parrhasias protulit aut Scopas,

Hie saxo, liquidis ille coloribus

Sellers nunc hominem ponere, nunc deum :

Sed non haec mihi vis, non tibi talium

Res est aut animus deliciarum egens. 10

Gaudes carminibus ; carmina possumus

Donare, et pretium dicere muneri.

Non incisa notis marmora publicis,

Per quae spiritus et vita redit bonis

Post mortem ducibus, non celeres fugae 15

Rejectaeque retrorsum Hannibalis minae,

Non incendia Carthaginis impiae,

Ejus, qui domita nomen ab Africa

Lucratus rediit, clarius indicant

Laudes, quam Calabrae Pierides; neque, 20

Si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Mercedem tuleris. Quid foret Iliae

Mavortisque puer, si taciturnitas

Obstaret meritis invida Rorauli ?

Ereptum Stygiis fluctibus Aeacum 25

Virtus et favor et lingua potentium

Vatum divitibus consecrat insulis.

Dignum laude virum Musa vetat mori.

Caelo Musa beat. Sic Jovis interest

Optatis epulis impiger Hercules, 30

28 Perithoo 1 commodifl 9 nee tibi 12 muncrin 15 celeris faga
»w. 15 DOD — 19 rediit del. Lack., M., JL, P.

104 HORATl CARMINVM

Clarum Tyndaridae sidus ab infimis
Quassas eripiuut aequoribus rates,
Ornatus viridi tempora pampino
Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus.

IX.

Ne forte credas interitura, quae,
Longe sonantem natus ad Aufidum,
Non ante volgatas per artes,
Yerba loquor socianda chordis;
Non, si priores Maeonius tenet 5

Sedes Homerus, Pindaricae latent
Ceaeque et Aleaei minaces
Stesichorique graves Camenae ;
Nee, si quid olim lusit Anacreon,
Delevit aetas ; spirat adhuc amor ] 0

Vivuntque commissi ealores
Aeoliae fidibus puellae.
Non sola comptos arsit adulteri
Crines, et aurum vestibus illitum

Mirata regalesque cultus 15

Et comites Helene Lacaena,
Primusve Teucer tela Cydonio
Direxit arcu; non semel Ilios
Yexata; non pugnavit ingens

Idomeneus Sthenelusve solus 20

Dicenda Musis proelia ; non ferox
Hector vel acer Deiphobus graves
Excepit ictus pro pudicis

Conjugibus puerisque primus.
Yixere fortes ante Agamemnona 25

Multi ; sed omnes inlacrimabiles
TJrgeutur ignotique longa

Nocte, carent quia vate sacro.
Paulum sepultae distat inertiae
Celata virtus. Non ego te meis 30

34 duxit 3 vulgataa 4 loquar 19 nee 26 illacrimabi'les

LIB. IV. 9-11 105

Chartis inornatum silebo,
Totve tuos patiar labores
Impune, LoUi, carpere lividas
Obliviones. Est animus tibi

Rerumque prudens et secundis 35

Temporibus dubiisque rectus,
Yindex avarae fraudis, et abstinens
Ducentis ad se cuncta pecuniae,
Consulque non unius anni,

Sed quotiens bonus atque fidus 40

Judex honestum praetulit utili,
Rejecit alto dona nocentium
Voltu, per obstantes catervas
Explicuit sua victor arma.
Non possidentem multa vocaveris 45

Recte beatum ; rectius occupat
Nomen beati, qui deorum
Muneribus sapienter uti
Duramque callet pauperiem pati,
Pejusque leto flagitium timet, 50

Non ille pro caris amicis
Aut patria timidus perire.

O crudelis adhuc et Veneris muneribus potens,
Insperata tuae cum veniet pluma superbiae,
Et quae nunc humeris involitant deciderint comae,
Nunc et qui color est puniceae flore prior rosae
Mutatus Ligurinum in faciem verterit hispidam, 5
Dices, heu, quotiens te speculo videris alterum,
" Quae mens est hodie, cur eadem non puero fuit?
Vel cur his animis incolumes non redcunt genae ? "

XI.

Est mihi nonum superantis annum
Plenus Albani cadus ; est in borto,

81 sileri 41 utili et 43 vultu 43 ct per 62 periWt
6 ,Ligarine, 6 in speculo

106 HORATI CARMINVM

Phylli, nectendis apium coronis ;

Est hederae vis
Multa, qua crines religata fulges ; 6

Ridet argeato domus ; ara castis
Yincta verbenis avet immolato

Spargier agno ;
Cuacta festinat manus, hue et illuc
Cursitant mixtae pueris puellae ; 10

Sordid um flammae trepidant rotantes

Yertice fumum.
tJt tamen noris quibus advoceris
Gaudiis : Idus tibi sunt agendae,
Qui dies mensem Yeneris marinae 15

Findit Aprilem,
Jure sollemnis mihi sanetiorque
Paene natali proprio, quod ex hac
Luce Maecenas meus affluentes

Ordinat annos. 20

Telephura, quern tu petis, occupavit
Non tuae sortis juvenem puella
Dives et lasciva, tenetque grata

Compede vinctum.
Terret ambustus Phaethon avaras 25

Spes, et exemplum grave praebet ales
Pegasus terrenum equitem gravatus

Bellerophontera,
Semper ut te digna sequare, et, ultra
Quam licet sperare nefas putando, 30

Disparem vites. Age jam, meorum

Finis amorum,
(Non enim posthac alia calebo
Femina,) condisce modos, amanda
Yoce quos reddas : minuentur atrae 35

Carmine curae.

XII.

Jam veris comites, quae mare temperant,
Impellunt animae lintea Thraciae ;

11 crepitant 35 minuuntur

LIB. IV. 12, 13 107

Jam nee prata rigent, nee fluvii sirepunt

Hiberna nive turgidi.
Nidum ponit, Ityn flebiliter gemens, 5

Infelix avis et Cecropiae domus
Aeternum opprobrium, quod male barbaias

Regum est ulta libidines.
Dicuat iu tenero gramine pinguium
Custodes ovium carmina fistula, 10

Delectantque deum cui pecus et nigri

Colles Arcadiae placent.
Adduxere sitim tempora, Yergili ;
Sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum
Si gestis, juvenum nobilium cliens, 15

Nardo v'u a merebere.
Nardi parvus onyx eliciet cadum,
Qui nunc Sulpiciis accubat horreis,
Spes donare novas largus, amaraque

Curarum eluere eflBcax. 20

Ad quae si properas gaudia, cum tua
Velox merce veni : non ego te meis
Immunem meditor tinguere poculis,

Plena dives ut in domo.
Verum pone moras et studium lucri, 25

Nigrorumque memor, dum licet, igniura,
Misce stultitiam consiliis brevem :

Dulce est desipere in loco.

XIII.

Audivere, Lyce, di mea vota, di
Audivere, Lyce: fis anus, et tamen

Vis formosa videri,

Ludisque et bibis impudens,
Et cantu tremulo pota Oupidinem 6

Lentum sollicitas. Ille virentis et

Doctae psallere Chiae

Pulchris excubat in genis.
Importunus enim transvolat aridas
Quercus, et refugit te, quia luridi 10

11 delectante 13 Virgili 16 mereberiH 23 tingere

108 HORATI CARMINVM

Denies, te quia rugae
Turpant et capitis nives.
Nee Coae referunt jam tibi purpuras
Nee clari lapides tempora, quae semel

Notis condita fastis 15

Inclusit volucris dies.
Quo fugit venus, heu, quove color ? decens
Quo motus ? quid habes illius, illius,
Quae spirabat amores,

Quae me surpuerat mihi, 20

Felix post Cinaram, notaque et artium
Gratarum facies ? Sed Cinarae breves
Annos fata dederunt,
Servatura diu parem
Cornicis vetulae temporibus Lycen, 25

Possent ut juvenes visere fervidi,
Multo non sine risu,

Dilapsam in cineres facem.

XIV.

Quae cura patrum quaeve Quiritium
Plenis honorum muneribus tuas,
Auguste, virtutes in aevum
Per titulos memoresque fastus
Aeternet, o, qua sol habitabiles 5

Illustrat oras, maxime principum ?
Quem legis expertes Latinae
Vindelici didicere nnper,
Quid Marte posses. Milite nam tuo
Drusus Genaunos, implacidum genus, 10

Breunosque veloces, et arces
Alpibus impositas tremendis,
Dejecit acer plus vice simplici ;
Major Neronum mox prave proelium

Commisit, immanesque Raetos 15

Auspiciis pepulit secundis,

14 cari 17 color decens ? 26 possint 28 delapsam 28 cinerem
4 fastos 5 lux 11 Breunos 16 repulit

LIB. IV. 14 109

Spectandus in certamine Martio,
Devota morti pectora liberae
Quaiitis fatigaret ruiiiis,

Indomitas prope qualis undas 20

Exercet Auster, Pleiadum choro
Scindente nubes, impiger hostium
Yexare turmas et frementem
Mittere equum medios per ignes.
Sic tauriformis volvitur Aufidus, 25

Qui regna Dauni praefluit Apuli,
Cum saevit, horrendamque cultis
Diluviem meditatur agris,
Ut barbarorum Claudius agmina
Ferrata vasto diruit impetu, 30

Primosque ct extremos metendo
Stravit humum, sine clade victor,
Te copias, te consilium et tuos
Praebente divos. Nam tibi, quo die

Portus Alexandrea supplex 35

Et vacuam patefecit aulara,
Fortuna lustro prospera tertio
Belli secundos reddidit exitus,
Laudemque et optatum peractis

Imperils decus arrogavit. 40

Te Cantaber non ante domabilis
Medusque et Indus, te profugus Scythes
Miratur, o tutela praesens
Italiae dominaeque Ilomae.
Te fontium qui celat origines 45

Nilusque et Ister, te rapidus Tigris,
Te beluosus qui remotis

Obstrepit Oceanus Britannis,
Te non paventis funera Galliae
Duraeque tellus audit Hiberiae, 50

Te caede gaudentes Sygambri
Compositis venerantur armis

20 indomitus 26 porfluit 28 minitatur 32 humi 35 Alexandria
4C Uiuter

110 HORATI CARMINVM

XY.

Phoebus volentem proelia me loqui
Yictas et urbes, increpuit lyra,
Ne parva Tyrrhenum per aequor
Yela darem. Tua, Caesar, aetas
Fruges et agris rettulit uberes, 5

Et signa nostro restituit Jovi
Derepta Parthorum superbis
Postibus, et vacuum duellis
Janum Quiriai clausit, et ordinem
Rectum evaganti frena licentiae 10

Injecit, emovitque culpas,
Et veteres revocavit artes,
Per quas Latinum nomen et Italae
Crevere vires, famaque et imperi

Porrecta majestas ad ortus 15

Solis ab Hesperio cubili.
Custode rerum Caesare, non furor
Civilis aut vis exiget otium,
Non ira, quae procudit enses

Et miseras inimicat urbes. 20

Non qui profundum Danubium bibunt
Edicta rumpent Julia, non Getae,
Non Seres infidive Persae,

Non Tanain prope flumen orti.
Nosque et profestis lucibus et sacris, 25

Inter jocosi munera Liberi,

Cum prole matronisque nostris,

Rite deos prius apprecati,

Yirtute functos, more patrum, duces,

Lydis remixto carmine tibiis, 30

Trojamque et Anchisen et almae

Progeniem Yeneris canemus.

6 retulit 7 direpta 9 Quirinum e coniectura 11 dimovit
15 ortum 18 exigit, eximet 21 Danuvium

CARMElSr SAECYLARE.

Phoebe, silvarumque potens Diana,
Lucidum caeli decus, o colendi
Semper et culti, date quae preeamur

Tempore sacro,
Quo Sibyllini monuere versus 6

Yirgines lectas puerosque castos
Dis, quibus septem placuere colles,

Dicere carmen.
Alme Sol, curru nitido diem qui
Promis et celas, aliusque et idem 10

Nasceris, possis nihil urbe Roma

Yisere majus.
Rite maturos aperire partus
Lenis, Ilithyia, tuere matres,
Sive tu Lucina probas vocari 15

Seu Genitalis:
Diva, producas subolem, patrumque
Prosperes decreta super jugandis
Feminis, prolisque novae feraei

Lege marita, 20

Certus undenos decies per annos
Orbis ut cantus referatque ludos,
Ter die claro, totiensque grata

Nocte frequentes.
Yosque veraces cecinisse, Parcae, 25

Quod semel dictum est, stabilisque rerum
Terminus servet, bona jam peractis

Jungite fata.
Fertilis frugum pecorisque Tellus
Spicea donet Cererem corona; 30

Nutriant fetus et aquae salubres

Et Jovis aurae.

6 quod 27 servat

111

112 CARMEN SAECVLARE

Condito mitis placidusque telo,
Supplices audi pueros, Apollo I
Siderum regina bicornis, audi, 25

Luna, puellas!
Roma si vestrum est opus, Iliaeque
Litus Etruscum tenuere turmae,
Jussa pars mutare lares et urbem

Sospite cursu, 40

Cui per ardentem sine fraude Trojam
Castus Aeneas patriae superstes
Liberum munivit iter, daturus

Plura relictis:
Di, probos mores docili juventae, 45

Di, senectuti placldae quietem,
Romulae genti date remque prolemque

Et decus omne 1
Quaeque vos bobus veneratur albis
Clarus Anchisae Yenerisque sanguis, 50

Impetret, bell ante prior, jaeentem

Lenis in hostemi
Jam mari terraque manus potentes
Medus Albanasque timet secures,
Jam Scythae responsa petunt, superbi 55

Nuper, et Indi.
Jam Fides, et Pax, et Honos, Pudorque
Priscus, et neglecta redire Virtus
Audet, apparetque beata pleno

Copia cornu. 60

Augur et fulgente decorus arcu
Phoebus acceptusque novem Camenis,
Qui salutari levat arte fessos

Corporis artus,
Si Palatinas videt aequus arces, 65

Remque Romanam Latiumque felix
Alterum in lustrum meliusque semper

Proroget aevum.

39 urbes 45 docilis 46 senectiitis 49 quique 49 bubua
51 imperet 57 Honor 65 aras 68 prorogat

CARMEN SAECVLARE 113

Quaeque Aventinum tenet Algidumque,
Quindecim Diana preces virorum 70

Curet, et votis puerorum arnicas

Applicet aures.
Haec Jovem sentire deosque cunctos
Spem bonam certamque domum reporto,
Doctus et Phoebi chorus et Dianae »75

Dicere laudes.

71 cumt 72 applicaA

Hor. 8

E P 0 D 0 N

LIBER.

I.
Ibis Liburnis inter alta navium,

Amice, propugnacula,
Paratus omne Caesaris periculum

Subire, Maecenas, tuo.
Quid nos, quibus te vita si superstite 5

Jucunda, si contra, gravis?
Utrumne jussi persequeniur otium,

Non dulce, ni tecum simul ?
An hunc laborem, mente laturi decet

Qua ferre non molles viros ? 10

Feremus ; et te vel per Alpium juga,

Inhospitalem et Caucasum,
Vel Occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum

Forti sequemur pectore.
Roges, tuum labore quid juvem meo, 15

Imbellis ac firmus parum?
Comes minore sum futurus in metu,

Qui major absentes habet ;
Ut assidens implumibus puUis avis

Serpentium allapsus timet 20

Magis relictis, non, ut adsit, auxili

Latura plus praesentibus.
Libenter hoc et omne militabitur

Bellum in tuae spem gratiae,
Kon ut juvencis illigata pluribus 25

Aratra nitantur meis,
Pecusve Calabris ante sidus fervidum

Lucana mutet pascuis,

5 sit 6 iocunda 10 quern 21 uti sit 26 mea 28 pascua

114

HORATI EPODOIS^, 1, 2 115

Neque ut superni villa candens Tusculi

Circaea tangat moenia. 30

Satis superque me benignitas tua
Ditavit: baud paravero

Quod aut avarus ut Cbremes terra premam,
Diseinctus aut perdam nepos.

II.

"Beatus ille, qui procul negotiis, \

lit prisca gens mortalium,
Patema rura bobus exercet suis,

Solutus omni fenore,
Neque exeitatur classico miles truci, 5

Neque horret iratum mare,
Forumque vitat et superba civium

Poteutiorum limina. ^ jjJG^

Ergo aut adulta vitium propagine ^^*'^'"^'^

Altas maritat populos, 10

Aut in reducta valle mugientium

Prospectat errantes greges,
Inutilesque falce ramos amputans

Feliciores inserit,
Aut pressa puris mella condit amphoris, 15

Aut tondet infirmas oves;
Yel cum decorum mitibus pomis caput

Autumnus agris extulit,
Ut gaudet insitiva decerpcns pira,

Certantem et uvam purpurae, 20

Qua muneretur te, Priape, et te, pater

Silvane, tutor finium 1
Libet jacere modo sub antiqua ilice,

Modo in tenaci gramine.
Labuntur altis interim ripis aquae, 25

Queruntur in silvis aves,
Fontesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibus,

Somnos quod invitet leves.

29 neo 34 ut ncpos 6 nee 18 arvis 20 purpura
25 rivio 27 frondes e coniectura

116 HORATI EPODON

At cum tonantis annus hibernus Jovis

Imbres nivesque comparat, 30

Aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane

Apros in obstantes plagas,
Aut amjte le vi! rara tendit retia,

Turdis edacibus dolos, , T[

Pavidurajque leporem et advenam laqueo^ruem 35

Jucunda captat praemia.
Quis non raalarum, quas amor curas habet,

Haec inter obliviscitur?
Quod si pudica mulier in partem juvet

Domum atque dulces liberos, 40

Sabina qualis aut perusta solibus

Pernicis uxor Apuli,
Sacrum vetustis exstruat iignis focum

Lassi sub adventum viri,
Claudensque textis cratibus laetum pecus 45

Distenta siccet ubera,
Et horna dulci vina promens dolio

Dapes inemptas apparet :
Non me Lucrina juverint conchylia

Magisve rhombus aut scari, 50

Si quos Eois intonata fluctibus

Hiemps ad hoc vertat mare ;
Non Afra avis descendat in ventrem meum,

Non attagen lonicus
Jucundior, quam lecta de pinguissimis 55

Oliva ramis arborum,
Aut herba lapathi prata amantis, et gravi

Malvae salubres corpori,
Yel agna festis caesa Terminalibus,

Yel haedus ereptus lupo. 60

Has inter epulas ut juvat pastas oves

Yidere properantes domum,
Yidere fessos vomerem inversum boves

Collo trahentes languido,
Positosque vernas, ditis examen domus, 65

Circum renidentes Lares ! "

39 quid si 43 sacrum et

2-4 117

Haec ubi locutus fenerator Alfius,

Jam jam futurus rusticus,
Omnem redegit Idibus pecuniam —

Quaerit Kalendis ponere. *fO

III.

13 1

Parentis olim si quis impia manu

Senile guttur fregerit,
Edit cicutis allium nocentius.

O dura messorum ilia I
Quid hoc veneni saevit in praecordiis ? 5

Num viperinus his cruor
Incoctus herbis me fefellit ? an malas

Canidia tractavit dapes?
Ut Argonautas praeter omnes candidum

Medea mirata est ducem, 10

Ignota tauris illigaturum juga

Perunxit hoc lasonem ;
Hoc delibutis ulta donis pellicem

Serpente fugit alite.
Nee tantus umquam siderum insedit vapor 15

Siticulosae Apuliae,
Nee munus humeris efficacis Herculis

Inarsit aestuosius.
At si quid umquam tale concupiveris,

Jocose Maecenas, precor 20

Manum puella savio opponat tuo,

Extrema et in sponda cubet.

lY.

Lupis et agnis quanta sortito obtigit,

Tecum mihi discordia est,
Hibericis poruste funibus latus

Et crura dura compede.

67 Alphius 69 relcgit 3 edat 3 alium 13 paelioem 19 aut
20 iucosa e coniectura 21 suavio

118 HORATI EPODON

Licet superbus ambules pecunia, 6

Fortuna non mutat genus.
Yidesne, Sacram metiente te viam

Cum bis trium ulnarum toga,
Ut ora vertat hue et hue euntium

Liberrima indignatio? 10

" Seetus flagellis hie trium viralibus,

Praeeouis ad fastidium,
Arat Falerni mille fundi jugera

Et Appiam mannis terit,
Sedilibusque magnus in primis eques, 15

Othone eontempto, sedet!
Quid attinet tot ora navium gravi

Rostrata duei poudere
Contra latrones atque servilem manum,

Hoe, hoc tribuno militum?" 20

*' At, 0 deorum quiequid in caelo regit

Terras et humanum genus,
Quid iste fert tumultus, et quid omnium

Yoltus in unum me truces?
Per liberos te, si vocata partubus 5

Lucina veris adfuit.
Per hoc inane purpurae decus precor,

Per improbaturum haec Jovem,
Quid ut noverca me intueris, aut uti

Petita ferro belua?" 10

Ut haec trementi questus ore constitit

Insignibus raptis puer,
Impube corpus, quale posset impia

Mollire Thracum pectora,
Canidia, brevibus implicata viperis 15

Crines et incomptum caput,
Jubet sepulchris caprificos erutas,

Jubet cupressus funebres,

1 regis 3 aut 4 vultus 6 aflfuit 10 bellua 15 illigata
18 cupressos

119

Et uncta turpis ova ranae sanguine,

Plumamque nocturnae strigis, 20

Herbasque, quas lolcos atque Hiberia

Mittit venenorum ferax,
Et ossa ab ore rapta jejunae canis,

Flammis aduri Colchicis.
At expedita Sagana, per totam domum 25

Spargens Avernales aquas,
Horret eapillis, ut marinus asperis

Echinus aut currens aper.
Abacta nulla Yeia conscientia

Ligonibus duris humum 30

Exhauriebat, ingemens laboribus,

Quo posset infossus puer
Longo die bis terque mutatae dapis

Inemori spectaculo,
Cum promineret ore, quantum exstant aqua 35

Suspensa mento corpora;
Exsucta uti medulla et aridum jecur

Amoris esset poculum,
Interminato cum semel fixae cibo

Intabuissent pupulae. 40

Non defuisse masculae libidinis

Ariminensem Foliam,
Et otiosa credidit Neapolis,

Et omne vicinum oppidum,
Quae sidera excantata voce Thessala 45

Lunamque caelo deripit.
Hie irresectum sa«va dente livido

Canidia rodens pollicem
Quid dixit aut quid tacuit ? ^' O rebus meis

Non infideles arbitrae, 50

Nox et Diana, quae silentium regis,

Arcana cum fiunt sacra,
Nunc, nunc adeste, nunc in hostiles domos

Irani atque numen vertite I

21 aut 28 Laurena e eonieetura

37 exsecta, cxsucca, exuta, cxusta, exerta, exesa e eonieetura,

exesta e eonieetura

120 . HORATI EPODON

Formidolosis dum latent silvis ferae, 55

Dulci sopore languidae,
Senem, quod omnes rideant, adulterum

Latrent Suburanae canes,
Nardo perunctum, quale non perfeetius

Meae laborarint manus. — 60

Quid accidit ? Cur dira barbarae minus

Yenena Medeae valent,
Quibus superbam fugit ulta pellicem,

Magni Creontis filiam,
Cum palla, tabo munus imbutum, novam 65

Incendio nuptam abstulit?
Atqui nee herba nee latens in asperis

Radix fefellit me locis.
Indormit unctis omnium cubilibus

Oblivione pellicum. — TO

Ah I ah I solutus ambulat veneficae

Scientioris carmine.
Non usitatis, Yare, potionibus,

O multa fleturum caput,
Ad me recurres, nee vocata mens tua 75

Marsis redibit vocibus :
Majus parabo, majus infundam tibi

Fastidienti poculum,
Priusque caelum sidet inferius marl,

Tellure porrecta super, 80

Quara non amore sic meo flagres, uti

Bitumen atris ignibus."
Sub haec puer jam non, ut ante, mollibua

Lenire verbis impias,
Sed, dubius unde rumperet silentium, 85

Misit Thyesteas preces:
" Yenena magnum fas nefasque non valent

Convertere humanam vicem ;
Diris agam vos ; dira detestatio

Nulla expiatur victima. 90

65 formidolosae 55 cum 60 laborarunt 63 superba

65 infectum 87 magica, maga non e coni.

88 humana invicem coni. K., immani vice coni. P.

6-7 121

Quin, ubi perire jussus exspiravero,

Nocturnus occurrara Furor,
Petamque voltus umbra curvis unguibus,

Quae vis deorum est Manium,
Et inquietis assidens praecordiis 95

Pavore somnos auferam.
Yos turba vicatim bine et hinc saxis petens

Contundet obscenas anus ;
Post insepulta membra different lupi

Et Esquilinae alites; 100

Neque hoc parentes, heu raihi superstites,

Efifugerit spectaculum."

YI.

Quid immerentes hospites vexas, canis,

Ignavus adversum lupos?
Quin hue inanes, si potes, vertis minas,

Et me remorsurum petis ?
Nam, qualis aut Molossus, aut fulvus Lacon, 5

Amica vis pastoribus,
Agam per altas aure sublata nives,

Quaecumque praecedet fera :
Tu, cum timenda voce complesti nemus,

Projectum odoraris cibum. 10

Cave, cave : namque in malos asperrimus

Parata tollo cornua,
Qualis Lycambae spretus infido gener,

Aut acer hostis Bupalo.
An, si quis atro dente me petiverit, 15

Inultus ut flebo puer?

YIL

Quo, quo Bcelesti niitis ? aut cur dexteris
Aptantur enses conditi ?

•8 contundat 102 efTugerint 2 arl versus 3 vcrto 4 pete
5 Laco 8 praecedat, procedet 15 oppetiverit

122 HORATI EPODON

Parumne campis atque Neptuno super

Fusum est Latini sanguinis,
Non ut superbas invndae Carthaginis 5

Rom anus arces ureret,
Intactus aut Britannus ut descenderet

Sacra catenatus via,
Sed ut, secundum vota Parthorum, sua

Urbs haec periret dextera? 10

Neque hie lupis mos, nee fuit leonibus,

Umquam, nisi in dispar, feris.
Furorne caecos, an rapit vis acrior,

An culpa? Responsum date.
Tacent ; et albus ora pallor inficit, 15

Mentesque perculsae stupent.
Sic est : acerba fata Romanos agunt,

Seel usque fraternae necis,
Ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi

Sacer nepotibus cruor. 20

IX.

Quando repostum Caecubum ad festas dapes

Yictore laetus Caesare,
Tecum sub alta (sic Jovi gratum) domo,

Beate Maecenas, bibam,
Sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyra, 6

Hac Dorium, illis barbarum ?
Ut nuper, actus cum freto Neptunius

Dux fugit ustis navibus,
Minatus urbi vincla, quae detraxerat

Servis amicus perfidis. 10

Romanus, eheu, (posteri negabitis,)

Emancipatus feminae
Fert vallum et arma, miles et spadonibus

Servire rugosis potest,
Interque signa turpe militaria 15

Sol aspicit conopiumi

12 numquam 13 caecus 15 ora pallor albus 16 percussae
1 repositum 5 mixtis 15 turpe ! 16 adspicit 16 conopeum

9, 10 123

At hoc frementes verterunt bis mille equos

Galli, caiientes Caesarem,
Hostiliumque navium portu latent

Puppes siaistrorsum citae. 20

lo Triumphe, tu moraris aureos

Currus et intactas boves ?
lo Triumphe, nee Jugurthino parem

Bello reportasti ducem,
Neque Africanum, cui super Carthaginem 25

Yirtus sepulchrum condidit.
Terra marique victus hostis punico

Lugubre mutavit sagum.
Aut ille centum nobilem Cretam urbibus,

Yentis iturus non suis, 30

Exercitatas aut petit Syrtes Noto,

Aut fertur incerto mari.
Capaciores affer hue, puer, scyphos

Et Chia vina aut Lesbia,
Vel, quod fluentem nauseam coerceat, 35

Metire nobis Caecubum :
Curam metumque Caesaris rerum juvat

Dulci Lyaeo solvere.

Mala soluta navis exit alite

Ferens olentem Maevium:
Ut horridis utrumque verberes latus,

Auster, memento fluctibus I
Niger rudentes Eurus inverso mari 5

Fractosque remos difFerat ;
Insurgat Aquilo, quantus altis montibus

Frangit trementes ilices ;
Nee sidus atra nocte amicum appareat,

Qua tristis Orion cadit; 10

17 ad hunc, at hunc, adhuc, at hue, ad hoc /?., ab hoc N. H., P., at
hoc F., 0., />., N. 20 sitae 34 aut 35 nausiam

2 Mevium 4 flatibus 7 qualis

124 HORATI EPODON

Quietiore nee feratur aequore,

Quam Graia victorum manus,
Cum Pallas usto vertit iram ab Ilio

In impiam Ajacis ratein !
O quantus instat navitis sudor tuis, 15

Tibique pallor luteus,
Et ilia non virilis ejulatio,

Preees et aversum ad Jovem,
lonius udo cum remugiens sinus

Noto carinam ruperit! 20

Opima quod si praeda curvo litore

Porrecta mergos juveris,
Libidinosus immolabitur caper

Et agna Tempestatibus.

XIII.

Horrida tempestas caelum contraxit, et imbres

Nivesque deducunt Jovem ; nunc mare, nunc siluae
Threicio Aquilone sonant : rapiamus, amici,

Occasionem de die, dumque virent genua
Et decet, obducta solvatur fronte senectus. 6

Tu vina Torquato move consule pressa meo ;
Cetera mitte loqui : deus haec fortasse benigna

Reducet in sedem vice. Nunc et Achaemenio
Perfundi nardo juvat, et fide Cyllenea

Levare diris pectora sollicitudinibus ; 10

Nobilis ut grandi cecinit Centaurus alumno :

" Invicte, mortalis dea nate puer Thetide,
Te manet Assaraci tellus, quam frigida parvi

Findunt Scamandri flumina lubricus et Simois,
Unde tibi reditum certo subtemine Parcae 15

Rupere, nee mater domum caerula te revehet.
Illic omne malum vino cantuque levato,

Deformis aegrimoniae dulcibus alloquiis."

18 adversum 19 sinu 20 Notus 22 proiecta 22 iuverit
1 constrinxit 3 amice e coniectura 10 duris 11 cecinit grandi
13 proni B., purl P., tardi M. 18 et dulcibus

13-15 126

XIY.

Mollis inertia cur tantam diffuderit imis

Oblivionem sensibus,
Pocula Lethaeos ut si ducentia somnos

A rente fauce traxerira,
Candide Maecenas, occidis saepe rogando: 5

Deus, deus nam me vetat
Inceptos, olim promissum carmen, iambos

Ad umbilicum adducere.
Kon aliter Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo

Anacreonta Teium, 10

Qui persaepe cava testudine flevit amorem

Non elaboratum ad pedem.
Ureris ipse miser : quod si non pulchrior ignis

Accendit obsessam Ilion,
Gaude sorte tua ; me libertina neque uno 15

Contenta Phryne macerat.

XV.

Nox erat et caelo fulgebat luna serene

Inter minora sidera,
Cum tu, magnorum numen laesura deorum,

In verba jurabas mea,
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex, 5

Lentis adhaerens bracchiis,
* Dum pecori lupus et nautis infestus Orion

Turbaret hibernum mare,
Intonsosque agitaret Apollinis aura capillos,

Fore hunc amorem mutuum.' 10

O dolitura mea mujtum virtute Neaeral

Nam si quid in Flacco viri est,
Non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes,

Et quaeret iratus parem.
Nee semel offensae cedet constantia formae, 15

Si certus intrarit dolor.

3 nti, veluti 6 iam 13 do quod non 8 turbarit 9 agitarit

126 HORATI EPODON

\^^

Et tu, quicumque es felicior atque meo nunc

Superbus incedis malo,
Sis pecore et multa dives tellure licebit

Tibique Pactolus flaat, 20

Nee te Pythagorae fall ant arcana renati,

Formaque vincas Nirea,
Heu heu, translates alio maerebis amores :

Ast ego vicissim risero.

XYI.

Altera jam teritur bellis civilibus aetas,

Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit :
Quam neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi,

Minacis aut Etrusca Porsenae manus,
Aemula nee virtus Capuae, nee Spartacus acer, 5

Novisque rebus infidelis Allobrox,
Nee fera caerulea domuit Gerraania pube,

Parentibusque abominatus Hannibal,
Impia perdemus devoti sanguinis aetas,

Ferisque rursus occupabitur solum. 10

Barbarus heu cineres insistet victor, et urbem

Eques sonante verberabit ungula,
Quaeque carent ventis et solibus ossa Quirini,

(Nefas videre !) dissipabit insolens.
Forte quid expediat communiter aut melior pars 15

Malis carere quaeritis laboribus :
Nulla sit hac potior sententia, Phocaeorum

Velut profugit exsecrata civitas
Agros atque lares patrios habitandaque fana

Apris reliquit et rapacibus lupis, 20

Ire pedes quocumque ferent, quocumque per undas

Notus vocabit aut protervus Africus.
Sic placet ? an melius quis habet suadere ? — Secunda

Ratem occupare quid moramur alite ?
Sed juremus in haec : Simul imis saxa renarint 25

Vadis levata, ne redire sit nefas;

17 at 23 eheu 2 perit 14 videri 19 propriou

16 127

Neu conversa domum pigeat dare lintea, quando

Padus Matina laverit cacumina,
In mare seu celsus procurrerit Appenninus,

Novaque monstra junxerit libidine 30

Mirus amor, juvet ut tigres subsidere cervis,

Adulteretur et columba miluo,
Credula nee ravos timeant armenta leones,

Ametque salsa levis hircus aequora.
Haec et quae poterunt reditus abscindere dulces 35

Eamus omnis exsecrata civitas,
Aut pars indocili melior grege ; mollis et exspes

Inominata perprimat cubilia.
Yos, quibus est virtus, muliebrem tollite luctum,

Etrusca praeter et volate litora. 40

Nos manet Oceanus circumvagus : arva, beata

Petamus arva divites et insulas,
Reddit ubi Cererem tellus inarata quotannis,

Et imputata floret usque vinea,
(Jerminat et numquam fallentis termes olivae, 45

Suamque pulla ficus ornat arborem,
Mella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis

Levis crepante lympha desilit pede.
Illic injussae veniunt ad mulctra capellae,

Refertque tenta grex amicus ubera; 50

Nee vespertinus circumgemit ursus ovile,

Neque intumescit alta viperis humus.
Pluraque felices mirabimur : ut neque largis

Aquosus Eurus arva radat imbribus,
Pinguia nee siccis urantur semina glebis, 55

Utrumque rege temperante caelitum.
Non hue Argoo contendit remige pinus,

Neque impudica Colchis intulit pedem;
Non hue Sidonii torserunt cornua nautae,

Laboriosa nee cohors Ulixei. 60

Nulla nocent pecori contagia, nullius astri

Gregem aestuosa torret impotentia.

29 promperit, decurrerit 29 Apenninus 33 flavos, saevos, fulvoa
41 circumvagus arva beata j Ji., K. 48 nympha 61 austri

128 HORATI EPODOIf

Juppiter ilia piae secrevit litora genti,
Ut inquinavit aere tempus aureum ;

Aere, dehinc ferro duravit saecula ; quorum 65
Piis secunda, vate me, datur fuga.

XYII.

Jam jam eflBcaci do manus scientiae,

Supplex et oro regna per Proserpinae,

Per et Dianae non movenda numina,

Per atque libros carminum valentium

Refixa caelo devocare sidera, 5

Canidia, parce vocibus tandem sacris

Citumque retro solve, solve turbinem.

Movit nepotem Telephus Nereium,

In quem superbus ordinarat agmina

Mysorum et in quem tela acuta torserat. 10

Unxere niatres Iliae addictum feris

Alitibus atque canibus homicidam Hectorem,

Postquam relictis moenibus rex procidit

Heu pervicacis ad pedes AchilleL

Setosa duris exuere pellibus 15

Laboriosi remiges Ulixei

Volente Circa membra ; tunc mens et sonus

Relapsus atque notus in voltus honor.

Dedi satis superque poenarum tibi,

Amata nautis multum et institoribus. 20

Fugit juventas, et verecundus color

Reliquit ossa pelle amicta lurida;

Tuis capillus albus est odoribus ;

Nullum ab labore me reclinat otium ;

TJrget diem nox et dies noctem, neque est 25

Levare tenta spiritu praecordia.

Ergo negatum vincor ut credam miser,

Sabella pectus increpare carmina,

Caputque Marsa dissilire nenia.

Quid amplius vis ? O mare et terra, ardeo, 30

63 sacravit 6 defixa 11 luxere 18 relatus 22 ora e coni.
24 a 30 0 terra

17 129

Quantum neque atro delibutus Hercules

Nessi cruore, nee Sicana fervida

Yirens in Aetna flamma ; tu, donee cinis

Injuriosis aridus ventis ferar,

Cales venenis officina Colchicis. 35

Quae finis aut quod me manet stipendium ?

Eflfare ; jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Paratus expiare, seu poposceris

Centum juvencos, sive mendaci lyra

Voles sonari, " Tu pudica, tu proba 40

Perambulabis astra sidus aureum."

Infamis Helenae Castor offensus vice,

Fraterque magni Castoris, victi prece

Adempta vati reddidere lumina ;

Et tu- potes nam, solve me dementia, 45

O nee paternis obsoleta sordibus,

Neque in sepulchris pauperum prudens anus

Novendiales dissipare pulveres.

Tibi hospitale pectus et purae manus,

Tuusque venter Pactumeius, et luo 50

Cruore rubros obstetrix pannos lavit,

Utcumque fortis exsilis puerpera.

*' Quid obseratis auribus fundis preces ?
Non saxa nudis surdiora navitis
Neptunus alto tundit hibernus salo. 55

Inultus ut tu riseris Cotyttia
Volgata, sacrum liberi Cupidinis,
Et Esquilini pontifex venefiei
Impune ut urbcm nomine impleris meo?
Quid proderat ditasse Pelignas anus, 60

Velociusve miscuisse toxicum?
Sed tardiora fata te votis manent :
Ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc,
Novis ut usque suppetas laboribus.
Optat quietem Pelopis infidi pater, 66

40 lonsre 42 vicem 47 neo 57 vulgata 60 proderit
64 doloribus 65 infidus

Uor. 9

130 HORATI EPODON^ 17

Egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis,

Optat Prometheus obligatus aliti,

Optat supremo collocare Sisyphus

la monte saxum ; sed vetant leges Jovis.

Yoles modo altis desilire turribus, 10

Modo ense pectus Norico recludere,

Frustraque vincla gutturi nectes tuo,

Fastidiosa tristis aegrimonia.

Vectabor humeris tunc ego inimicis eques,

Meaeque terra cedet insolentiae. 15

An quae movere cereas imagines,

Ut ipse nosti curiosus, et polo

Deripere lunam vocibus possim meis,

Possim crematos excitare mortuos

Pesiderique temperare pocula, 80

Plorem artis in te nil agentis exitus? "

12 innectes 78, 79 possum 80 poculuir

81 babentis 81 exitum

Q. HORATI FLACCI

SATIRARVM

LIBER PRIMVS

Qui fit, Maecenas, ut nemo, quam sibi sortem

Seu ratio dederit seu fors objecerit, ilia

Contentus vivat, laudet diversa sequentes ?

" O fortunati mercatores ! " gravis annis

Miles ait, multo jam fractus membra labore. 5

Contra mercator, navem jactantibus Austris,

** Militia est potior. Quid enim ? Concurritur ; horae

Momento cita mors venit aut victoria laeta."

Agricolam laudat juris legumque peritus,

Sub gain cantura consultor ubi ostia pulsat. 10

I lie, datis vadibus qui rure extractus in urbem est,

' Solos felices viventes' clamat ' in urbe.'

Cetera de genere hoc, adeo sunt multa, loquacem

Delassare valent Fabium. Ne te morer, audi

Quo rem deducam. Si quis deus, " En ego," dicat, 15

" Jam faciam quod voltis : eris tu, qui modo miles,

Mercator; tu, consultus modo, rusticus : bine vos,

Vos hinc mutatis discedite partibus. Eial

Quid statis? " — nolint. Atqui licet esse beatis.

Quid causae est, merito qnin illis Juppiter ambas 20

Iratus buccas inflet, neque se fore posthac

Tam facilem dicat, votis ut praebeat aurem ?

2 ton 2 ulla 4 armis e coni. 8 aut cita 12 cantat
14 quae lasaare 16 vultis 19 nolunt, nolcnt

131

132 HORATI SATIRARVM

Praeterea, ne sic, ut qui jocularia, ridens
Percurram, (quainquam ridentem dicere verum
Quid vetat? ut pueris olim dant crustula blandi 25
Doctores, elementa velint ut discere prima ;
Sed tamen amoto quaeramus seria ludo ; )
Ille gravem duro terram qui vertit aratro,
Perfidus hie caupo, miles, nautaeque per omne
Audaces mare qui currunt, hac mente laborem 30

Sese ferre, senes ut in otia tuta recedant,
Aiunt, cum sibi sint congesta cibaria : sicut
Parvula (nam exemplo est) magni formica laboris
Ore trahit quodcumque potest atque addit acervo,
Quem struit, baud ignara ac non incauta futuri. 35
Quae, simul(inversum contristat Aquarius annum,
Non usquam prorepit et illis utitur ante
Quaesitis sapiens ; cum te neque fervidus aestus
Demoveat lucro, neque hiemps, ignis, mare, ferrum,
Nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter. 40

Quid juvat imraensum te argenti pondus et auri
Furtim defossa timidum deponere terra ?
" Quod si comminuas, vilem redigatur ad assem."
At ni id fit, quid habet pulchri constructus acervus/
Milia frumenti tua triverit area centum: 45

Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac mens : ut si
Reticulum panis venales inter onusto
Forte vehas humero, nihilo plus accipias quam
Qui nil portarit. Yel die, quid referat intra
Naturae fines viventi, jugera centum an 50

Mille aret ? " At suave est ex magno tollere acervo."
Dum ex parvo nobis tantundem haurire relinquas^
Cur tua plus laudes cumeris granaria nostris?
Ut tibi si sit opus liquidi non amplius urna,
Yel cyatho, et dicas, *' Magno de flumine malim 55
Quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere." Eo fit,
Plenior ut si quos delectet copia justo,
Cum ripa simul avolsos ferat Aufidus acer ;

29 campo 38 patiens 39 dimoveat 39 hiems 46 quam meus
66 mallem 57 delectat 58 avulsos

LIB. I. 1 133

At qui tantuli eget quanto est opus, is neque limo
Turbatam haurit aquani, neque vitam amittit in undis. 60

At bona pars hominum, decepta cupidine falso,
" Xil satis est," inquit, " quia tanti quantum habeas sis."
Quid facias illi ? Jubeas miserum esse, libenter
Quatenus id facit ; ut quidani memoratur Athenis
Sordidus ac dives, populi contemnere voces 65

Sic solitus : " Populus me sibilat, at mihi plaudo
Ipse domi, siraul ac nummos contemplor in area."
Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat

Flumina Quid rides ? Mutato nomine, de te

Fabula narratur; congestis undique saccis 10

Indormis inhians, et tamquam parcere sacris

Cogeris, aut pictis tamquam gaudere tabellis.

Nescis quo valeat nummus ? quem praebeat usum ?

Panis ematur, olus, vini sextarius, adde- -CcC

Quis iiumana sibi doleat natura negatis. TS

An vigilare metu exanimem, noctesque diesque

Formidare malos fures, incendia, servos,

Ne te compilent fugientes, hoc juvat ? Horum

Semper ego optarim pauperrimus esse bonorum.

At si condoluit temptatum frigore corpus, 80

Aut alius casus lecto te aflBxit, habes qui
Assideat, fomenta paret, medicum roget, ut te
Suscitet ac gnatis reddat carisque propinquis ?
Non uxor salvum te volt, non filius; omnes
Vicini oderunt, noti, pueri atque puellae. 85

Miraris, cum tu argento post omnia ponas,
Si nemo praestet, quem non merearis, amorem ?
At si cognatos, nullo natura labore
Quos tibi dat, retinere velis servareque amices,
Infelix operam perdas, ut si quis asellum 90

In campo doceat parentem currere frenis.

Denique sit finis quacrendi, cumque habeas plus,

M Unttilo 73 quid 74 holus 77 malos, 79 optarem 80 tentatum
81 afflixit 83 reddat natis 84 vult 88 an 92 quo-que « coni.

134 hora/i satirarvm

Pauperiem metuas minus, et finire laborem
Incipias, parto^quod avebas, ne facias quod
XJmmidius quidam. Non longa est fabula : dives, 95
Ut metiretur nummos, ita sordidus, ut se
Non umquam servo melius vestiret, ad usque
Supremum terapus, ne se penuria victus ,-J C~ c '' ^
Opprimeret metuebat. At hunc libeTta sdcuri
Divisit medium, fortissima Tyndaridarum- 100

" Quid mi igitur suades ? ut vivam Maenius ? aut sic
Ut Nomentanus ? " Pergis pugnantia secum
Frontibus adversis componere ? Non ego, avarum
Cum veto te fieri, vappam jubeo ac nebulonem.
Est inter Tanain quiddam socerumque Viselli. 105

Est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines,
Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum.

Illuc, unde abii, redeo : nemo at avarus
Se probet ac potius laudet di versa sequentes,
Quodque' aliena capella gerat distentius uber, 110

Tabescat, neque se majori pauperiorum
Turbae comparet, hunc atque hunc superare laboret.
Sic festinanti semper locupletior obstat,
Ut, cum carceribus missos rapit ungula currus,
Instat equis auriga suos vincentibus, ilium 115

Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem.
Inde fit, ut raro, qui se vixisse beatum
Dicat, et, exacto contentus tempore, vita
Cedat uti conviva satur, reperire queamus.

Jam satis est. Ne me Crispini scrinia lippi 120

Compilasse putes, verbum non amplius addam.

II.

Ambubaiarum collegia, pharmacopolae,
Mendici, mimae, balatrones, hoc genus omne

95 Umidius 101 Nevius 101 an sic, ac sic 106 recti
108 redeo, qui 108 nemon ' 109 at 115 suis 118 vitae

LIB. I. 2, 3 135

Maestum ac sollicitum est cantoris morte Tigelli :
Quippe benignus erat. Contra hie, ne prodigus esse
Dicatur metuens, inopi dare nolit amico, 5

Frigus quo duramque famem propellere possit.
Hunc si perconteris, avi car atque parentis
Praeclaram ingrata stringat mains ingluvie rem,
Omnia conductis coemens obsonia nummis,
'Sordidus atque animi quod parvi nolit haberi,' 10
Respondet. Laudatur ab his, culpatur ab illis.
Fufidius vappae famam timet ac nebulonis,
Dives agris, dives positis in fenore nummis ;
Quinas hie capiti mercedes exsecat, atque
Quanto perditior quisque est, tanto acrius urget; 15
yoraina sectatur modo sumpta veste virili
lb patribus duris tironum. " Maxime " quis non
Juppiter ! '' exclamat, simul atque audivit ? *' At in se
Pro quaestu sumptum facit hie." Yix credere possis
Quam sibi non sit amicus, ita ut pater ille, Terenti 20
Fabula quern miserum gnato vixisse fugato
Inducit, non se pejus cruciaverit atque hie.

Si quis nunc quaerat, " Quo res hacc pertinet? " illuc :
Duni vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt.
Malthinus tunicis demissis ambulat ; est qui 25

Inguen ad obscenum subductis usque facetus.
Pastillos Rufillus olet, Gargonius hircum.

III.

•ranibus hoc vitium est cantoribus, inter amicos
t numquam inducant animum cantare rogati,
ijussi numquam desistant. Sardus habebat
iile Tigellius hoc. Caesar, qui cogere posset,
81 peteret per amicitiam patris atque suam, non 6

Quiequam proficeret ; si collibuisset, ab ovo
XJsque ad mala citaret " lo Bacche ! " modo summa
^ oce, modo hac resonat quae chordis quattuor ima.

% 'Icpcllcre 7 pfircunoteris 14 exigit 18 exclamet 18 at ipflo
26 Malchinus, Maltiaus 26 obscacDum, obBcocnum 7 liucuhao

136 HORATI SATIRARVM

Nil aequale homini fuit illi ; saepe velut qui

Currebat fugiens hostem, persaepe velut qui 10

Junonis sacra ferret ; habebat saepe ducentos,

Saepe decern servos ; modo reges atque tetrarchas,

Omnia magna loquens, modo, *' Sit mihi mensa tripes

Concha sails puri et toga, quae defendere frigus, .

Quamvis crassa, queat." Decies centena dedisses 15

Huic parco, paucis contento, quinque diebus

Nil erat in loculis. Noctes vigilabat ad ipsum

Mane, diem totum stertebat. Nil fuit umquam

Sic impar sibi. — Nunc aliquis dicat mihi : " Quid tu?

Nullane habes vitia ? " Immo alia et fortasse minora." 20

Maenius absentem Novium cum carperet, " Heus tu," -i-

Quidam ait, " ignoras te ? an ut ignotum.dare nobis '^-^

Verba putas ? " " Egomet mi ignosco," Maenius inquit.

Stultus et improbus hie amor est, dignusque notari.

Cum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus inunctis, 25

Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum

Quam aut aquila aut serpens Epidaurius ? At tibi contra

Evenit, inquirant vitia ut tua rursus et illi.

Iracundior est paulo, minus aptus acutis

Naribus horum hominum ; rideri possit eo, quod 30

Rusticius tonso toga defluit, et male laxus

In pede calceus haeret : at est bonus, ut melior vir

Non alius quisquam, at tibi amicus, at ingenium ingens

Inculto latet hoc sub corpore. Denique te ipsum

Concute, num qua tibi vitiorum inseverit olim 35

Natura, aut etiam consuetudo mala ; namque

Neglectis urenda filix innascitur agris.

Illuc praevertamur : amatorem quod amicae
Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia, aUt etiam ipsa haec
Delectant, veluti Balbinum polypus Hagnae : 40

Vellem in amicitia sic erraremus, et isti
Errori nomen virtus posuisset honestum.
At pater ut gnati, sic nos debemus amici
Si quod sit vitium non fastidire ; strabonem

15 deciens 20 baud fortasse 27 ac tibi 43 ac pater 43 amicis

LIB. I. 3 137

Appellat paetum pater, et pullum, male parvus 45

Si cui filius est, ut abortiyus fuit olim

Sisyphus ; hunc varum distortis cruribus ; ilium

Balbutit scaurum pravis fultum male talis.

Parcius hie vivit, frugi dicatur. Ineptus

Et jaetantior hie paulo est, concinnus amicis 50

Postulat ut videatur. At est truculentior atque

Plus aequo liber; simplex fortisque habeatur.

Caldior est ; acres inter numeretur. Opinor

Haec res et jungit, junctos et servat amicos. /' /

At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque 55

Sincerum cupimus vas incrustare. Probus quis
Nobiscum vivit, multum demissus homo ille ;
Tardo cognomen pingui damns. Hie fugit omnes
Insidias nullique malo latus obdit apertum,
Cum genus hoc inter vitae versetur, ubi acris 60

Invidia atque vigent ubi crimina ; pro bene sano
Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus.
Simplicior quis et est, qualem me saepe libenter
Obtulerim tibi, Maecenas, ut forte legentem
Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone, " Molestus ; 65
Communi sensu plane caret,^^ inquimus. Eheu,
Quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam I
Nam vitiis nemo sine nascitur ; optimus ille est
Qui minimis urgetur. Amicus dulcis, ut aequum est,
Cum mea compenset vitiis bona ; pluribus hisce 70
(Si modo plura mihi bona sunt) inclinet, amari
Si volet ; hac lege in trutina ponetur eadem.
Qui ne tuberibus propriis offendat amicum
Postulat, ignoscet verrucis illius ; aequum est
Peccatis veniam poscentem reddere rursus. 75

Denique, quatenus excidi penitus vitium irae,
Cetera item nequeunt stultia haerentia, cur non
Ponderibus modulisque suis ratio utitur, ac res
Ut quaeque est, ita suppliciis delicta coercet ?

67 homo ; illi 60 verHcnwir 63 liceoter e coni. 65 scrmono molestus
74 ignoscat

138 HORATI SATIRARV3I

Si quis eum servum, patinam qui tollere jussus 80

Semesos pisces tepidumque ligurrierit jus
In cruce suffigat, Labeone insanior inter
Sanos dicatur. Quanto hoc furiosius atque
Majus peccatum est ; paulura deliquit amicus,
Quod nisi concedas, habeare insuavis, acerbus : 85

Odisti, et fugis ut Rusonem debitor aeris,
Qui nisi, cum tristes misero venere Kalendae,
Mercedem aut nummos undeunde extricat, amaras
Porrecto jugulo historias captivus ut audit.
Comminxit lectum potus, mensave catillum 90

Evandri manibus tritum dejecit: ob banc rem,
Aut positum ante mea quia pullum in parte catini
Sustulit esuriens, minus hoc jucundus amicus
Sit mihi ? Quid faciam si furtum fecerit, aut si
Prodiderit commissa fide sponsumve negarit ? 95

Quis paria esse fere placuit peccata, laborant
Cum ventum ad verum est ; sensus moresque repugnant
Atque ipsa utilitas, justi prope mater et aequi.
Cum prorepserunt primis animalia terris,
Mutum et turpe pecus, glandem atque cubilia propter 1 00
Unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro
Pugnabant armis, quae post fabricaverat usus,
Donee verba, quibus voces sensusque notarent,
Nominaque invenere ; dehinc absistere bello,
Oppida coeperunt munire et ponere leges, 105

Ne quis fur esset, neu latro, neu quis adulter.
Nam fuit ante Helenam mulier taeterrima belli
Causa ; sed ignotis perierunt mortibus illi,
Quos venerem incertam rapientes more ferarum
Yiribus editior caedebat, ut in grege taurus. 110

Jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,
Tempora si fastosque velis evolvere mundi.
Nee natura potest justo secernere iniquum,
Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis ;
Nee vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque 115

81 trepidum 85, 86 acerbus odisti, 91 tortum 107 «tc G.
107 teterrima

LIB. I. 3, 4 139

Qui teneros caules alieni fregerit horti,

Et qui nocturnus sacra divom legerit. Adsit

Regula, peccatis quae poenas irroget aequas,

Ne scutica dignum horribili sectere flagello.

Nam, ut ferula caedas meritum majora subire 120

Yerbera, non vereor, cum dicas esse pares res

Furta latrociniis, et magnis parva mineris

Falce recisurum simili te, si tibi regnum

Permittant homines. Si dives qui sapiens est,

Et sutor bonus et solus formosus et est rex, 125

Cur optas quod habes ? " Non nosti quid pater," inquit,

" Chrysippus dicat : ' Sapiens crepidas sibi numquam

Nee soleas fecit, sutor tamen est sapiens.' " Qui ?

" Ut, quamvis tacet Hermogenes, cantor tamen atque

Optimus est modulator ; ut Alfenus vafer, omni 130

Abjecto instrumento artis clausaque taberna,

Sutor erat ; sapiens operis sic optimus omnis

Est opifex solus, sic rex." Vellunt tibi barbam

Lascivi pueri ; quos tu nisi fuste coerces,

Urgeris turba circum te stante, miserque 135

Rumperis et latras, magnorum maxime regumi

Ne longum faciam : dum tu quadrante lavatum

Rex ibis, neque te quisquam stipator ineptum

Praeter Crispinum sectabitur, et mihi dulces

Ignoscent, si quid peccaro stultus, amici, 140

Inque vicem illorum patiar delicta libenter,

Privatusque magis vivam te rege beatus.

lY.

Eupolis atque Cratinus Aristophanesque poetae,
Atque alii, quorum comoedia prisca virorum est,
Si quia erat dignus describi, quod mains ac fur,
Quod moechus foret aut sicarius aut alioqui
Famosus, multa cum libertate notabant.
Hinc omnis pendet Lucilius, hosce secutus
Mutatis tantum pcdibus numerisque, facetus,

117 divum 128 quo 132 tonsor 3 aut

140 HORATI SATIRARVM

Emunctae naris, durus componere versus.

Nam fuit hoc vitiosus ; in hora saepe ducentos,

Ut magnum, versus dictabat stans pede in uno ; 10

Cum flueret lutulentus, erat quod tollere velles ;

Garrulus atque piger scribendi ferre laborem,

Scribendi recte ; nam ut multum, nil moror. — Ecce,

Crispinus minimo me provocat: " Accipe, si vis,

Accipiam tabulas ; detur nobis locus; hora, 15

Custodes ; videamus uter plus scribere possit."

" Di bene fecerunt, inopis me quodque pusilli

Finxerunt animi, raro et perpauca loquentis ;

At tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras,

Usque laborantes dum ferrum molliat ignis, 20

Ut mavis, imitare." Beatus Fannius, ultro

Delatis capsis et imagine ; cum mea nemo

Scripta legat, volgo recitare timentis ob banc rem,

Quod sunt quos genus hoc minime juvat, utpotc plures

Culpari dignos. Quemvis media elige turba : 25

Aut ob avaritiam aut misera ambitione laborat.

Hie nuptarum insanit amoribus, hie puerorum ;

Hunc capit argenti splendor ; stupet Albius acre ;

Hie mutat merces surgente a sole ad eum quo

Vespertina tepet regio, quin per mala praeceps 30

Fertur, uti pulvis collectus turbine, ne quid

Summa deperdat metuens aut ampliet ut rem.

Omnes hi metuunt versus, odere poetas.

" Foenum habet in cornu ; longe fuge ! dummodo risum

Excutiat sibi, non hie cuiqua'm parcet amico ; 35

Et quodcumque semel chartis illeverit, omnes

Gestiet a furno redeuntes scire lacuque

Et pueros et anus." Agedum, pauca accipe contra.

Primum ego me illorum dederim quibus esse poetas
Excerpam numero : neque enim concludere versum 40
Dixeris esse satis ; neque si quis scribat, uti nos,
Sermoni propiora, putes hunc esse poetam.

15 accipe iam 25 eripe, erue 26 ab avaritia e coni. 39 poetis
41 si qui 42 propriora

LIB. I. 4 141

Ingenium cui sit, cui mens divinior atque os

Magna sonaturum, des nominis hujus honorem.

Idcirco quidani comoedia necne poema 45

Esset quaesivere, quod acer spiritus ac vis

Nee verbis nee rebus inest, nisi quod pede eerto

Differt sermoni, sermo merus. " At pater ardens

Saevit, quod meretrice nepos insanus amiea

Filius uxorem grandi cum dote reeuset, 50

Ebrius et (magnum quod dedeeus) ambulet ante

Noetem eum faeibus." Numquid Pomponius istis

Audiret leviora, pater si viveret ? Ergo

Non satis est puris versum perseribere verbis,

Quem si dissolvas, quivis stomachetur eodem 55

Quo personatus paeto pater. His, ego quae nune,

Glim quae seripsit Lucilius, eripias si

Tempora certa modosque, et quod prius ordine verbum

est
Posterius facias, praeponens ultima primis,
Non, ut si solvas " Postquam Discordia taetra 60

BeAli ferratos posies portasque ref regit,"
Invenias etiam disjeeti membra poetae.

Hactenus haec : alias justum sit necne poema,
Nune illud tantum quaeram, meritone tibi sit
Suspectum genus hoe scribendi. Suleius acer 65

Ambulat et Caprius, rauci male cumque libellis,
Magnus uterque timor latronibus ; at bene si quis
Et vivat puris manibus, contemnat utrumque.
Ut sis tu similis Caeli Birrique latronura,
Non ego sum Capri neque Sulci : cur motuas me ? TO
Nulla taberna meos habeat neque pila libellos,
Quis manus insudet volgi Hermogenisque Tigelli :
Nee recito cuiquam nisi amicis, idque coaetus,
Non ubivis coramve quibuslibet. In medio qui
Seripta foro recitent sunt multi, quique lavantes: 75
Suave locus voei resonat conelusus. Inanes
Hoe juvat, baud illud quaerentes, nam sine sensu,

49 insanit 60 tetra 70 aim 73 recitem 75 recitant

1-J:2 HORATI SATIRARVM

Tempore num faciant alieno. " Laedere gaudes,"

Inquis, *'et hoc studio pravus facis." Unde petitum

Hoc in me jacis ? Est auctor quis denique eorum 80

Yixi cum quibus ? Absentem qui rodit amicum,

Qui non defendit, alio culpante, solutos

Qui captat risus hominum famamque dicacis,

Fingere qui non visa potest, commissa tacere

Qui nequit, hie niger est, hunc tu, Romane, caveto. 85

Saepe tribus lectis videas cenare quaternos,

E quibuS unus amet quavis aspergere cunctos

Praetereumqui praebet aquam ; post huncquoquepotus,

Condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber.

Hie tibi comis et urbanus liberque videtur, 90

Infesto nigris. Ego si risi, quod ineptus

Pastilles RufiUus olet, Gargonius hircum,

Lividus et mordax videor tibi ? Mentio si qua

De Capitolini furtis injecta Petilli

Te coram fuerit, defendas, ut tuus est mos : 95

" Me Capitolinus convictore usus amicoque

A puero est, causaque mea permulta rogatus

Fecit, ej^ncolumis laetor quod vivit in urbe ;

Sed tamen admirer, quo pacto judicium illud

Fugerit." Hie nigrae sucus lolliginis, haec est 100

Aerugo mera. Quod vitium procul afore chartis,

Atque animo prius, ut si quid promittere de me

Possum aliud, vere promitto. Liberius si

Dixero quid, si forte jocosius, hoc mihi juris

Cum venia dabis : insuevit pater optimus hoc me, 105

Vt fugerem exemplis vitiorum quaeque notando.

Cum me hortaretur, parce, frugaliter atque

Yiverem uti contentus eo quod mi ipse parasset:

*' Nonne vides Albi ut male vivat filius utque

Baius inops ? Magnum documentum ne patriam rem 110

Perdere quis velit." A turpi meretricis amore

Cum deterreret: " Scetani dissimilis sis."

Ne sequerer moechas, concessa cum venere uti

79 inquit 86 caenare 87 imus 87 avet SI 87 adspergere

100 succus 100 loliginis 109 atque 110 Barrus, Barus

111 at

LIB. I. 4,5 143

Possem: "Deprensi non bella est fama Treboni,"
Aiebat. " Sapiens, vitatu quidque petitu 115

Sit melius, causas reddet tibi ; mi satis est, si
Traditum ab antiquis morem servare tuamque,
Dum custodis eges, vitam famamque tueri
Incolumem possum ; simul ac duraverit aetas
Membra animumque tuum, nabis sine cortice." Sic
me 120

Formabat puerum dictis ; et sive jubebat
Ut facerem quid : " Habes auctorem, quo facias hoc," —
TJnum ex judicibus selectis objiciebat ; —
Sive vetabat : " An hoc inhonestum et inutile factum
Necne sit addubites, flagret rumore malo cum 125

Hie atque ille ? " Avidos vicinum funus et aegros
Exanimat, mortisque metu sibi parcere cogit,
Sic teneros animos aliena opprobria saepe
Absterrent vitiis. Ex hoc ego sanus ab illis,
Perniciem quaecumque ferunt, mediocribus et quis 130
Ignoscas vitiis teneor ; fortassis et istinc
Largiter abstulerit longa aetas, liber amicus,
Consilium proprium : neque enim, cum lectulus aut me
Porticus excepit, desum mihi. '* Rectius hoc est ! "
** Hoc faciens vivam melius I" " Sic dulcis amicis 135
Occurram I " " Hoc quidam non belle ; numquid ego illi
Impnidcns olim faciam simile ? " Haec ego mecum
Compressis agito labris ; ubi quid datur oti,
Illudo chartis. Hoc est mediocribus illis
Ex vitiis unum ; cui si concedere nolis, 140

Multa poetarum veniet manus auxilio quae
Sit mihi, (nam multo plures sumus,) ac veluti te
Judaei cogemus in banc concedere turbam.

y.

Egressum magna me excepit Aricia Roma
Hospitio modico ; rhetor comes Heliodorus,

llOposaim 123 electifl 124 factu 132 abstulerint 139 inolndo
141 veniat 1 riccepit

144 HORATI SATIRARVM

Graecorum longe doctissimus ; inde Forum Appi,

Dififertum nautis cauponibus atque malignis.

Hoc iter iguavi divisimus, altius ac nos 5

Praecinctis unum ; minus est gravis Appia tardis.

Hie ego propter aquam, quod erat deterrima, ventri

Indico bellum, cenantes baud animo aequo

Exspectans comites. Jam nox inducere terris

Umbras et caelo diflfundere signa parabat ; 10

Tum pueri nautis, pueris convicia nautae

Ingerere: "Hucappellel" "TrecentosinserisI" "Obe,

Jam satis est I " Dum aes exigitur, dum mula ligatur,

Tota abit bora. Mali culices ranaeque palustres

Avertunt somnos, absentem ut cantat amicam 15

Multa prolutus vappa nauta atque viator

Certatim. Tandem fessus dormire viator

Incipit, ac missae pastum retinacula mulae

Nauta piger saxo religat stertitque supinus.

Jamque dies aderat, nil cum procedere lintrem 20

Sentimus, donee cerebrosus prosilit unus

Ac mulae nautaeque caput lumbosque saligno

Fuste dolat ; quarta vix demum exponimur bora.

Ora manusque tua lavimus, Feronia, lympha.

Milia tum pransi tria repimus, atque subimus 25

Impositum saxis late candentibus Anxur.

Hue venturus erat Maecenas, optimus atque

Cocceius, missi magnis de rebus uterque

Legati, aversos soliti componere amicos.

Hie oculis ego nigra meis collyria lippus 30

lUinere. Interea Maecenas advenit atque

Cocceius, Capitoque simul Fonteius, ad unguem

Factus homo, Antoni, non ut magis alter, amicus.

Fundos Aufidio Lusco praetore libenter

Linquimus, insani ridentes praemia scribae, 35

Praetextam et latum clavum prunaeque vatillum.

In Mamurrarum lassi deinde urbe manemus,

Murena praebente domum, Capitone culinam.

3 linguae 6 nimis 7 teterrima 11 convitia 15 ut omit,

20 nil turn 24 laviraur e com. 25 repsimus

26 late saxis 36 batillum

LIB. I. 5 145

Postera lux oritur multo gratissima ; namque
Plotius et Yarius Sinuessae Yergiliusque 40

Occurrunt, animae, quales neque candidiores
Terra tulit, neque quis me sit devinctior alter.
O qui complexus et gaudia quanta fuerunt I
Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico.
Proxima Campano ponti quae villula, tectum 45

Praebuit, et parochi, quae debent, ligna salemque.
Hinc muli Capuae clitellas tempore ponunt.
Lusuni it Maecenas, dormitum ego Yergiliusque ;
Namque pila lippis inimicum et ludere crudis.
Hinc nos Cocceii recipit plenissima villa, 50

Quae super est Caudi cauponas. Nunc mihi paucis
Sarmenti scurrae pugnam Messique Cicirri,
Musa, velim memores, et quo patre natus uterque
Contulerit lites. Messi clarum genus Osci ;
Sarmenti domina exstat : ab his majoribus orti 55
Ad pugnam venere. Prior Sarmentus : " Equi te
Esse feri similem dico." Ridemus, et ipse
Messius " Accipio," caput et movet. " O, tua cornu
Ni foret exsecto frons," inquit, "quid faceres, cum
Sic mutilus miniteris?" At illi foeda cicatrix 60

Setosam laevi frontem turpaverat oris.
Campanum in morbum, in faciem permulta jocatus,
Pastorem saltaret uti Cyclopa rogabat ;
Nil illi larva aut tragicis opus esse cothurnis.
Multa Cicirrus ad haec : Donasset jamne catenam 65
Ex voto Laribus, quaerebat ; scriba quod esset,
Nilo deterius dominae jus esse; rogabat
Denique, cur umquam fugisset, cui satis una
Farris libra foret, gracili sic tamque pusillo.
Prorsus jucunde cenam producimus illam. TO

Tendimus hinc recta Beneventum, ubi sedulus hospes
Paene macros arsit dum turdos versat in igni ;
Nam vaga per veterem dilapso flamma culinam
Volcano suramum properabat lamberc tectum.

40 Virgilias 47 hie 50 Coccei 60 minitaris
67 Dullo, nihilo, ordine mntato deterius nibilo 70 produximus

72 arsit macros 73 dclapso
Hor. 10

146 HORATI SATIRARVM

Convivas avidos cenam servosque timentes t5

Turn rapere, atque omnes restinguere velle videres.

Incipit ex illo montes Apulia notos

Ostentare mihi, quos torret Atabulus, et quos

Numquam erepsemus, nisi nos vicina Trivici

Yilla recepisset, lacrimoso non sine fumo, 80

Udos cum foliis ram oh urente camino.

Quattuor hinc rapimur viginti et milia rhedis,

Mansuri oppidulo quod versu dicere non est,

Signis perfacile est : venit vilissima rerum

Hie aqua ; sed panis longe pulcherrimus, ultra 85

Callidus ut soleat humeris portare viator :

Nam Canusi lapidosus, aquae non ditior urna

Qui locus a forti Diomede est conditus olim.

Flentib]^ hinc Yarius discedit maestus amicis.

Inde Rubos fessi pervenimus, utpote longum 90

Carpentes iter et factum corruptius imbri.

Postera tempestas melior, via pejor ad usque

Bari moenia piscosi ; dein Gnatia Lymphis

Iratis exstructa dedit risusque jocosque,

Dum flamma sine tura liquescere limine sacro 95

Persuadere cupit. Credat Judaeus Apella,

Non ego : namque deos didici securum agere aevum,

Nee, si quid miri faciat natura, deos id

Tristes ex alto caeli demittere tecto.

Brundisium longae finis chartaeque viaeque est. 100

YI.

Non quia, Maecenas, Lydorum quicquid Etruscos

Incoluit fines, nemo generosior est te,

Nee quod avus tibi maternus fuit atque paternus,

Olim qui magnis legionibus imperitarent,

Ut plerique solent, naso suspendis adunco 5

Ignotos, ut me libertino patre natum.

Cum referre negas quali sit quisque parente

75 caenam 82 redis 89 hie 89 difcessit 93 Barri 93 dehino

93 Nymphia 95 thura 98 mirificiat 100 Brundusium

4 imperitarint 5 aeuto 6 aut me

LIB. I. 6 147

Xatus, dum ingenuus, persuades hoc tibi vere,

Ante potestatein Tulli atque ignobile regnum

Multos saepe viros nallis majoribus ortos 10

Et vixisse probos, aniplis et honoribus auctos ;

Contra Laevinum, Yaleri genus, unde superbus

Tarquinius regno pulsus fugit, unius assis

Non umquam pretio pluris licuisse, notante

Judice, quo nosti, populo, qui stultus honores 15

Saepe dat indignis et famae servit ineptus,

Qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus. Quid oportet

Nos facere, a volgo longe longeque remotos ?

Namque esto, populus Laevino mallet honorem

Quam Decio mandare novo, censorque moveret 20

Appius, ingenuo si non essem patre natus :

Yel merito, quoniam in propria non pelle quiessem.

Sed fulgente trahit constrictos Gloria curru
Non minus ignotos generosis. Quo tibi, Tilli,
Sumere depositum clavum fierique tribuno ? 25

Invidia accrevit, privato quae minor esset.
Nam ut quisque insanus nigris medium impediit crus
Pellibus, et latum demisit pectore clavum.
Audit continuo " Quis homo hie est ? quo patre natus ? "
Ut, si qui aegrotet quo morbo Barrus, haberi 30

Et cupiat formosus, eat quacumque, puellis
Injiciat curam quaerendi singula, quali
Sit facie, sura, quali pede, dente, capillo;
Sic qui promittit, cives, urbem sibi curae,
Imperium fore et Italiam, delubra deorum, 35

Quo patre sit natus, num ignota matre inhonestus,
Omnes mortales curare et quaerere cogit.
" Tune, Syri, Daniae, aut Dionysi filius, audes
Dejicere e saxo cives aut tradere Cadmo?"
^"At Novius colk'ga gradu post me sedet uno; . 40

I^lamque est ille, pater quod erat mens." " Hoc tibi
^P Paulus

13 fuit 15 quem nosti 18 lateque 25 tribunam

29 est hie, hie et, hie aut 31 ut 35 et delubra 37 cogat

39 de 41 PauIluB

148 HORATI SATIRARVM

Et Messalla videris ? At hie, si plostra ducenta
Concurrantque foro tria funera, magna sonabit
Cornua quod vincatque tubas ; saltern tenet hoc nos.'*

Nunc ad me redeo libertino patre natum, 45

Quem rodunt omnes libertino patre natum,
Nunc, quia sim tibi, Maecenas, convictor ; at olim.
Quod mihi pareret legio Romana tribuno.
Dissimile hoc illi est ; quia non, ut forsit honorem
Jure mihi invideat quivis, ita te quoque amicum, 50
Praesertim cautum dignos assumere, prava
Ambitione procul. Felicem dicere non hoc
Me possim, casu quod te sortitus amicum ;
Nulla etenim mihi te fors obtulit : optimus olim
Vergilius, post hunc Yarius dixere quid essem. 55

Ut veni coram, singultim pauca locutus,
(Infans namque pudor prohibebat plura profari,)
Non ego me claro natum patre, non ego circum
Me Satureiano vectari rura caballo,
Sed, quod eram, narro. Respondes, ut tuus est mos, 60
Pauca : abeo ; et revocas nono post mense jubesque
Esse in amicorum numero. Magnum hoc ego duco,
Quod placui tibi, qui turpi secernis honestum,
Non patre praeclaro, sed vita et pectore puro.

Atqui si vitiis mediocribus ac mea paucis 65

Mendosa est natura, alioqui recta, — velut si
Egregio inspersos reprehendas corpore naevos, —
Si neque avaritiam neque sordes nee mala lustra
Objiciet vere quisquam mihi, purus et insons
(Ut me collaudem) si et vivo earns amicis, TO

Causa fuit pater his, qui, macro pauper agello,
Noluit in Flavi ludum me mittere, magni
Quo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti,
Laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto,

47 sum 49 forsan 53 possum 66 alioquin 67 insparsos
67 reprendas
68 ao mala, aut mala ('aut* debetur Acroni manuacripto ap. Bentl. et
erfittoni Fene<. 1490. — 0.) 73 et

LIB. I. 6 149

Ihant octonos referentes Idibus aeris, T5

Sed puerum est ausus Romam portare, docendum

Artes quas doceat quivis eques atque senator

Semet prognatos. Yestem servosque sequentes,

In magno ut populo, si qui vidisset, avita

Ex re praeberi sumptus mihi crederet illos. 80

Ipse mihi custos incorruptissimus omnes

Circum doctores aderat. Quid multa ? Pudicum,

Qui primus virtutis honos, servavit.ab omni

Non solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi ;

Nee timuit sibi ne vitio quis verteret, olim 85

Si praeco parvas aut, ut fuit ipse, coactor

Mercedes sequerer ; neque ego essem questus : at hoc

nunc
Laus illi debetur et a me gratia major.
Nil me paeniteat sanum patris hujus, eoque
Non, ut magna dolo factum negat esse suo pars, 90
Quod non ingenuos habeat clarosque parentes,
Sic me defendam. Longe raea discrepat istis
Et vox et ratio : nam si natura juberet
A certis annis aevum remeare peractum,
Atque alios legere ad fastum quoscumque parentes 95
Optaret sibi quisque, meis contentus, honestos
Fascibus et sellis nollem mihi sumere, demens
Judicio volgi. sanus fortasse tuo, quod
Nollem onus baud umquam solitus portare molestum.
Nam mihi continuo major quaerenda foret res, 100
Atque salutandi plures ; ducendus et unus
Et comes alter, uti ne solus rusve peregreve
Exirem ; plures calones atque caballi
Pascendi, ducenda petorrita. Nunc mihi curto
Ire licet mulo vel si libet usque Tarentum, 105

Mantica cui lumbos onere ulccret atque eques armos :
Objiciet nemo sordes mihi quas tibi, Tilli,
Cum Tiburte via praetorem quinque sequuntur
Te pueri, lasanum portantes oenophorumque.
Hoc ego commodius quam tu, praeclare senator, 110

T5 octonis 75 aera 79 quia 83 servabat 87 ad hoc, ad haec, ob boo
96 boDustOB 98 vulgi 102 peregre aut 107 Tulli 108 secuntur

,150 HORATI SATIRARVM

Milibus atque aliis vivo. Quacumque libido est,

Incedo solus ; percontor quanti olus ac far ;

Fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro

Saepe Forum ; adsisto divinis ; inde domum me

Ad porri et ciceris refero laganique catinum. 115

Cena ministratur pueris tribus, et lapis albus

Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet ; adstat echinus

Yilis, cum patera guttus, Campana supellex.

Delude eo dormitum, non sollicitus, mihi quod eras

Surgeiidum sit mane, obeundus Marsya, qui se 120

Yoltum ferre negat Noviorum posse minoris.

Ad quartam jaceo ; post banc vagor; aut ego, lecto

Aut scripto quod me tacitum juvet, unguor olive,

Non quo fraudatis immundus Natta lucernis.

Ast ubi me fessum sol acrior ire lavatum 125

Admonuit, fugio Campum lusumque trigonem.

Pransus non avide, quantum interpellet inani

Ventre diem durare, domesticus otior. Haec est

Yita solutorum misera ambitione gravique ;

His me consolor victurum suavius ac si 130

Quaestor avus pater atque meus patruusque fuisset.

YII.

Proscripti Regis Rupili pus atque venenum
Hybrida quo pacto sit Persius ultus, opinor
Omnibus et lippis notum et tonsoribus esse.
Persius hie permagna negotia dives habebat
Clazomenis, etiam lites cum Rege molestas, 5

Durus homo, atque odio qui posset vincere Regem,
Confidens tumidusque, adeo sermonis amari,
Sisennas, Barros ut equis praecurreret albis.
Ad Regem redeo. Postquam nihil inter utrumque
Convenit, (hoc etenim sunt omnes jure molesti, 10

Quo fortes, quibus adversum bellum incidit. Inter
Hectora Priamiden animosum atque inter Achillem

112 holus 115 lachani 117 cyatho mihi 117 astat 117 echino

123 iuvat 123 ungor 126 fugio rabiosi tempora signi

130 victurus 131 fuissent 7 ,tumidus.

LIB. I. 7, 8 151

Ira fuit capitalis, ut ultima divideret mors,
Noa aliam ob causam nisi quod virtus in utroque
Summa fuit : duo si discordia vexet inertes, 15

Aut si disparibus bellum incidat, ut Diomedi
Gum Lycio Glauco, discedat pigrior, ultro
Muneribus missis :) Bruto praetore tenente
Ditem Asiam, Rupili et Persi par pugnat, utl non
Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius. In jus 20
Acres procurrunt, magnum spectaculum uterque.
Persius exponit causam ; ridetur ab omni
Conventu ; laudat Brutum laudatque cohortem :
Solem Asiae Brutum appellat, stellasque salubres
Appellat comites, excepto Rege ; canem ilium, 25

Invisum agricolis sidus, venisse. Ruebat,
Flumen ut hibernum, fertur quo rara securis.
Tum Praenestinus salso multoque fluenti
Expressa arbusto regerit convicia, durus
Vindemiator et invictus, cui saepe viator 30

Cessisset, magna compellans voce cuculum.
At Graecus, postquam est Italo perfusus aceto,
Persius exclamat : " Per magnos, Brute, deos te
Oro, qui reges consueris tollere, cur non
Hunc Regem jugulas? Operum hoc, mihi crede,
tuorum est." 35

YIII.

Olim truncus erara ficulnus, inutile lignum,

Cum faber, incertus scamnum faceretne Priapum,

Maluit esse deum. Deus inde ego, furum aviumque

Maxima formido ; nam fures dextra coercet

Obscenoque ruber porrectus ab inguine palus ; 5

Ast importunas volucres in vertice arundo

Terret fixa vetatque novis considere in hortis.

Hue prius angustis ejecta cadavera cellis

Conservus vili portanda locabat in area;

Hoe miserae plebi stabat commune sepulchrum, 10

15 verset 17 pulchrior 20 compositas 21 concurrunt

28 multumquo 31 cucullum codices pturimi 7 fiasa e coni.

152 HORATI SATIRARVM

Pantolabo scurrae Nomentanoque nepoti :
Mille pedes ia fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum
Hie dabat, ' heredes monumentum ne sequeretur.'
Nunc licet Esquiliis habitare salubribus atque
Aggere in aprico spatiari, quo modo tristes 15

Albis informem spectabant ossibus agrum ;
Cum mihi non tantum furesque feraeque, suetae
Hunc vexare locum, curae sunt atque labori,
Quantum carminibus quae versant atque venenis
Humanos animos. Has nullo perdere possum 20

Nee prohibere modo, simul ac vaga luna decorum
Protulit OS, quin ossa legant herbasque nocentes.
Yidi egomet nigra succinctam vadere palla
Canidiam pedibus nudis passoque capillo.
Cum Sagana majore ululantem. Pallor utrasque 25
Fecerat horrendas aspectu. Scalpere terram
TJnguibus et pullam divellere mordicus agnam
Coeperunt ; cruor in fossam confusus, ut inde
Manes elicerent, animas responsa daturas.
Lanea et effigies erat, altera cerea : major 30

Lanea, quae poenis compesceret inferiorem ;
Cerea suppliciter stabat, servilibus, ut quae
Jam peritura, modis. Hecaten vocat altera, saevam
Altera Tisiphonen ; serpentes atque videres
Infernas errare canes, Lunamque rubentem, 35

Ne foret his testis, post magna latere sepulchra.
Mentior at si quid, merdis caput inquiner albis
Corvorum, atque in me veniat mictum atque cacatura
Julius et fragilis Pediatia furque Yoranus.
Singula quid memorem ? quo pacto alterna loquentes 40
Umbrae cum Sagana resonarent triste et acutum,
Utque lupi barbam variae cum dente colubrae
Abdiderint furtim terris, et imagine cerea
Largior arserit ignis, et ut non testis inuitus
Horruerim voces Furiarum et facta duarum : 45

Nam, displosa sonat quantum vesica, pepedi
Diffissa nate ficus : at illae currere in urbem ;

18 sint 19 vexant 38 veniant 38 minctum
41 resonarint B. eoni.

LIB. I. 8, 9 153

Canidiae dentes, altum Saganae caliendrum
Excidere, atque herbas atqiie incantata lacertis
Vincula, cum magao risuque jocoque videres. 50

IX.

Ibam forte via Sacra, sicut meus est mos,
Nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis :
Accurrit quidara notus mihi nomine tantum,
Arreptaque manu, " Quid agis, dulcissime rerum?"
" Suaviter, ut nunc est," inquam, " et cupio omnia
quae vis." 5

Cum assectaretur, " Kum quid vis ? " occupo. At ille
" Noris nos " inquit ; " docti suraus." Hie ego " Pluris
Hoc" inquam " mihi eris." Misere discedere quaerens,
Ire modo ocius, interdum consistere, in aurem
Dicere nescio quid puero, cum sudor ad imos 10

Manaret talos. " 0 te, Bolane, cerebri
Felicem ! " aiebam tacitus ; cum quidlibet ille
Garriret, vicos, urbem laudaret. Ut illi
Nil respondebam, "Misere cupis" inquit "abire;
Jamdudum video ; sed nil agis ; usque tenebo ; 15

*ersequar: hinc quo nunc iter est tibi?" "Nil opus

est te

Circumagi ; quendam volo visere non tibi notum ;
Trans Tiberim longe cubat is, prope Caesaris hortos."
" Nil babeo quod agam, et non sum piger ; usque

sequar te."
Demitto auriculas, ut iniquae mentis asellus, 20

Cum gravius dorso subiit onus. Incipit ille :
" Si bene me novi, non Viscum pluris anycum,
Non Varium facies ; nam quis me scribere plures
Aut citius possit versus? quis membra movere
Mollius? Invideat quod et Hermogenes, ego canto." 25

Interpellandi locus hie erat : " Est tibi mater,
Cognati, quis te salvo est opus?" — " Haud mihi
quisquam.

Z OMurrit IGproaequar 16 alii dittinguunt itersequ&r hino .... tibU
27 quibus ost tc salvo opua utiu» lilandiniu»

154 HORATI SATIRARVM

Oranes composui.'- — "Felices! Nunc ego resto.
Confice ; namque instat fatum mihi triste, Sabella
Quod puero cecinit divina mota anus urna : 30

' Hunc neque dira venena, nee hosticus auferet ensis,
Nee laterum dolor aut tussis, nee tarda podagra ;
Garrulus hune quando consumet cumque : loquaces,
Si sapiat, vitet, simul atque adoleverit aetas.^ "

Ventum erat ad Yestae, quarta jam parte diei 35
Praeterita, et casu tunc respondere vadato
Debebat ; quod ni fecisset, perdere litem.
"Si meamas/'inquit, "paulumhicades." "Inteream,si
Aut valeo stare aut novi civilia jura ;
Et propero quo scis." "Dubius sum quid faciam,"

inquit, 40

"Tene relinquam an rem." "Me, sodes." " Non

faciam ", ille,
Et praecedere coepit. Ego, ut contendere durum est
Cum victore, sequor. " Maecenas quomodo tecum ? "
Hinc repetit ; " paucorum hominum et mentis bene sanae ;
Nemo dexterius fortuna est usus. Haberes 45

Magnum adjutorem, posset qui ferre secundas,
Hunc hominem velles si tradere ; dispeream, ni
Summosses omnes." "Non isto vivimus illic,
Quo tu rere, modo ; domus hac nee purior ulla est
Nee magis his aliena malis ; nil mi officit," inquam, 60
" Ditior hie aut est quia doctior ; est locus uni
Cuique suus." " Magnum narras, vix credibile I " " Atqui
Sic habet." " Accendis, quare cupiam magis illi
Proximus esse." " Yelis tantummodo : quae tua virtus,
Expugnabis ;' et est qui vinci possit, eoque 55

Difficiles aditus primos habet." " Hand mihi deero :
Muneribus servos corrumpam ; non, hodie si
Exclusus fuero, desistam ; tempora quaeram,
Occurram in triviis, deducam. Nil sine magno
Vita labore dedit mortalibus." Haec dura agit, ecce 60
Fuscus Aristius occurrit, mihi carus, et ilium

30 cecinit puero 36 vadatus 38 hue 48 vivitur
60 oflScit uinquam 60 ait

LIB. I. 9, 10 155

Qui pulchre ncsset. Consistimus. *'TJnde venis? "
** Quo tendis ? " rogat et respondet. Vellere coepi
Et prensare manu lentissima brachia, nutans,
Distorquens oculos, ut me eriperet. Male salsus 65
Ridens dissimulare ; meum jecur urere bilis.
" Certe nescio quid secreto velle loqui te
Aiebas mecum." *' Memini bene, sed meliore
Tempore dicam ; hodie tricesima sabbata : vin' tu
Curtis Judaeis oppedere ? " " Nulla mihi," inquam, 70
" Religio est." " At mi ; sum paulo infirmior, unus
Multorum. Ignosces ; alias loquar." Huncine solem
Tam nigrum surrexe mihi ! Fugit improbus ac me
Sub cultro linquit. Casu venit obvius illi
Adversarius, et " Quo tu turpissime ? " magna T5

Inclamat voce, et " Licet antestari ? " Ego vero
Oppono auriculam. Rapit in jus ; clamor utrimque,
Undique concursus. Sic me servavit Apollo.

Lucili, quam sis mendosus, teste Catone,
Defensore tuo, pervincam, qui male factos
Emerulare paral versus ; hoc lenius ille.
Est quo vir melior, longe sublilior illo.

Qui multum pucr et loris et funibus udis 5

Exoratiis, ut esset opem qui ferre poetis
Antiquis posset contra fas tidia nostra,
Grammaticorum equitum doctissimus. Ut redeam illue:

Nempe incomposito dixi pede currere versus
Lucili, Quis tam Lucili fautor inepte est
Ut non hoc fateatur? At idem, quod sale multo
Urbem defricuit, charta laudatur eadem.
Nee tameii, hoc tribuens, dcderim quoque cetera : nam
sic 5

Et Laberi mimos ut pulchra poemata mirer
Ergo non satis est risu diduccre rictum
Auditoris ; (et est quaedam tamen hie quoquo virtus ;)

64 pressare 72 hunccinc 70 exclaraat

6 exbortatus, excoriatua e coni, 2 iuepti

156 HORATI SATIRARVM

Est brevitate opus, ut currat sententia neu se

Impediat verbis lassas onerantibus aures ; 10

Et sermone opus est modo tristi, saepe jocoso,

Defeudente vicem modo rhetoris atque poetae,

Interdum urbani, parcentis viribus atque

Extenuantis eas consulto. Ridiculum acri

Fortius et melius magnas plerumque secat res. 15

Illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est,

Hoc stabant, hoc sunt imitandi ; quos neque pulcher

Hermogenes umquam legit, neque simius iste

Nil praeter Calvum et doctus cantare Catullum.

'' At magnum fecit, quod verbis Graeca Latinis 20

Miscuit." O seri studiorum ! quine putetis

Difficile et mirum, Rhodio quod Pitholeonti

Contigit? " At sermo lingua concinnus utraque

Suavior, ut Ohio nota si commixta Falerni est."

Cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, an et cum 25

Dura tibi peragenda rei sit causa Petilli ?

Scilicet oblitus patriaeque patrisque Latini,

Cum Pedius causas exsudet Publicola atque

Corvinus, patriis intermiscere petita

Yerba foris mails, Canusini more bilinguis? 30

Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra,

Versiculos, vetuit me tali voce Quirinus,

Post mediam noctem visus, cum somnia vera :

" In silvam non ligna feras insanius, ac si

Magnas Graecorum malis implere catervas." 35

Turgidus Alpinus jugulat dum Memnona, dumque
Defingit Rheni luteum caput, haec ego ludo,
Quae neque in aede sonent certantia judice Tarpa,
Nee redeant iterum atque iterum spectanda theatris.
Arguta mere trice potes Davoque Chremeta ^0

Eludente senem comis garrire libellos
Unus vivorum, Fundani ; PoUio regum
Facta canit pede ter percusso ; forte epos acer,
Ut nemo, Yarius ducit ; molle atque facetum

21 putatia 27 patrisque, Latine 28 Poplicola editores uulgo
31 atqui 37 diflBngit 43 fata 44 dicit

LIB. I. 10 157

Tergilio annuerunt gaudentes rure Camenae. 45

Hoc erat, experto frustra Yarrone Atacino
Atque quibusdam aliis, melius quod scribere possem,
Inventore minor ; neque ego illi detrahere ausim
Haerentem capiti cum multa laude coronam.

At dixi fluere hunc lutulentum, saepe ferentem 50
Plura quidem toUenda relinquendis. Age, quaeso,
Tu nihil in magno doctus reprehendis Homero ?
Nil comis tragici mutat Lucilius Acci ?
Non ridet versus Enni gravitate minores,
Cum de se loquitur non ut majore reprensis? 55

Quid vetat et nosmet Lucili scripta legentes
Quaerere, num illius, num rerum dura negarit
Versiculos natura magis factos et euntes
Mollius, ac si quis, pedibus quid claudere senis,
Hoc tantum contentus, amet scripsisse ducentos 60
Ante cibum versus, totidem cenatus ; Etrusci
Quale fuit Cassi rapido ferventius amni
Ingenium, capsis quem fama est esse librisque
Ambustum propriis. Fuerit Lucilius, inquam.
Comis et urbanus, fuerit limatior idem 65

Quam rudis et Graecis intacti carminis auctor,
Quamque poetarum seniorum turba ; sed ille,
Si foret hoc nostrum fato dilatus in aevum,
Detereret sibi multa, recideret omne quod ultra
Perfectum traheretur, et in versu faciendo 10

Saepe caput scaberet, vivos et roderet ungues.

Saepe stilum vertas, iterum quae digna legi sint
Scripturus, neque te ut miretur turba labores,
Contentus paucis lectoribus. An tua demens
Vilibus in ludis dictari carmina malis? 75

Non ego ; nam aafis est equitem mihiplaudere, ut audax,
Contemptis aliis, explosa Arbuscula dixit.
Men' moveat cimex Pantilius, aut cruciet quod

46»Dnuerant, annuerint 50 dixti ^. cont. 51 quaero 52 reprendii

68 dilapsus, delapsus, delatus 71 caput foderet

78 cruder editores nonnulli

158 HOEATI SATIRAKVM 10

Yellicet absentem Demetrius, aut quod ineptus
Fannius Hermogenis laedat conviva Tigelli ? 80

Plotius et Varius, Maecenas Yergiliusque,
Yalgius, et probet haec Octavius, optimus atque
Fuscus, et haec utinam Yiscorum laudet uterque I
Ambitione relegata te dicere possum,
Pollio, te, jVIessala, tuo cum fratre, simulque 85

Yos, Bibule et Servi, simul his te, candide Furni,
Complures alios, doctos ego quos et amicos
Prudens praetereo ; quibus haec, sunt qualiacumque,
Arridere velim, doliturus si placeant spe
Deterius nostra. Demetri, teque, Tigelli, 90

Discipularum inter jubeo plorare cathedras.
I, puer, atque meo citus haec subscribe libello.

86 Bibule Muretna e coni., N. IT., B. : codices Bibuli 88 sint
91 discipulorum.

Q. HORATI FLACCI

SATIRARVM

LIBER SECVNDVS

I.

Eorat. Sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer et ultra
Legem tendere opus ; sine nervis altera, quicquid
Composui, pars esse putat, similesque meorum
Mille die versus deduci posse. Trebati,
Quid faciam praescribe. Trebat. Quiescas. Horat. Ne

faciam, inquis, 5

Omnino versus ? Trebat. Aio. Horat. Peream male,

si non
Optimum erat ; verum nequeo dormire. Trebat. Ter

uncti
Transnanto Tiberim, somno quibus est opus alto,
Irriguumque mero sub noctem corpus habento.
Aut, si tantus amor scribendi te rapit, aude 10

Caesaris invicti res dicere, multa laborum
Praemia laturus. Horat. Cupidum, pater optime, vires
Deficiunt: neque enim quivis horrentia pills
Agmina nee fracta pereuntes cuspide Gallos
Aut labentis equo describat volnera Parthi. 15

Trebat. Attamen et justum poteras et scribere fortem,
Scipiadam ut sapiens Lucilius. Horat. Ilaud mihi deero,
Cum res ipsa feret. Nisi dextro tempore, Flacci
Verba per attentam non ibunt Caesaris aurem,
Cui male si palpere, recalcitrat undique tutus. 20

1 ridear 10 oapit 15 describit, deacribet 20 palparo 20 recalcitret

159

160 HOBATI SATIRARVM

Trehat. Quanto rectius hoc, quam tristi laedore versu
Pantolahum scurram Nomentanumque nepotem,
Cum sibi quisque timet, quamquam est intactus,et oditi

Horat. Quid faciam ? Saltat Milonius, ut semel icto
Accessit fervor capiti numerusque lucernis ; 25

Castor gaudet equis, ovo prognatus eodem
Pugnis ; quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum
Milia : me pedibus delectat claudere verba
Lucili ritu, nostrum melioris utroque.
Ille velut fidis arcana sodalibus olim 30

Credebat libris, neque, si male cesserat, usquam
Decurrens alio, neque si bene ; quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Vita senis. Sequor hunc, Lucanus an Apulus anceps :
Nam Yenusinus arat finem sub utrumque colonus, 35
Missus ad hoc, pulsis, vetus est ut fama, Sabellis,
Quo ne per vacuum Romano incurreret hostis,
Sive quod Apula gens seu quod Lucania bellum
Incuteret violenta. Sed hie stilus baud petet ultro
Quemquam animantem, et me veluti custodiet ensis 40
Vagina tectus ; quem cur destringere coner,
Tutus ab infestis latronibus ? 0 pater et rex
Juppiter, ut pereat positum robigine telum,
Nee quisquam noceat cupido mihi pacis ! At ille
Qui me commorit, (' melius non tangere I ' clamo,) 45
Flebit, et insignis tota cantabitur urbe.
Cervius iratus leges minitatur et urnam,
Canidia Albuci quibus est inimica venenum,
Grande malum Turius, si quid se judice certes.
Ut quo quisque valet suspectos terreat, utque 50

Imperet hoc natura potens, sic collige mecum :
Dente lupus, cornu taurus petit : unde nisi intus
Monstratum ? Scaevae vivacem crede jiepoti
Matrera ; nil faciet sceleris pia dextera : mirum,
Ut neque calce lupus quemquam neque dente petit bos:
Sed mala toilet anum vitiato melle cicuta. 56

31 gesserat 31 umquam 34 Appulus 38 Appula 39 petit
41 distringere 43 rubigine 48 Albuti 49 si quis . . certet

LIB. II. 1, 2 161

Ne longum faciam : seu me tranquilla senectus
Exspectat seu Mors atris circumvolat alis,
Dives, inops, Romae, seu fors ita jusserit, exul,
Quisquiseritvitae,scribam, color. Tr^^fta^. Opuer,utsis 60
Yitalis metuo, et majorum ne quis amicus
Frigore te feriat. Horat. Quid, cum est Lucilius ausus
Primus in hunc operis componere carmina morem,
Detrahere et pellem, nitidus qua quisque per ora
Cederet, introrsum turpis, num Laelius aut qui 65

Duxit ab oppressa meritum Carthagine nomen,
Jngenio offensi, aut laeso doluere Metello
Famosisque Lupo cooperto versibus ? Atqui
Primores populi arripuit populumque tributim,
Scilicet uni aequus virtu ti atque ejus amicis. 70

Quin ubi se a volgo et scaena in secreta remorant
Virtus Scipiadae et mitis sapientia Laeli,
Nugari cum illo et discincti ludere, donee
Decoqueretur olus, soliti. Quicquid sum ego, quamvis
Infra Lucili censum ingeniumque, tamen me t5

Cum magnis vixisse invita fatebitur usque
Invidia, et, fragili quaerens illidere dentem,
Offendet solido, — nisi quid tu, docte Trebati,
Dissentis, Trehat. Equidem nihil hincdiffindere possum.
Sed tamen ut monitus caveas, ne forte negoti 80

Incutiat tibi quid sanctarum inscitia legum :
Si mala condiderit in quem quis carmina, jus est
Judiciumque. Horat. Esto, si quis mala ; sed bona si quis
Judice condiderit laudatus Caesare ? si quis
Opprobriis dignum latraverit, integer ipse ? 85

Trehat. Solventur risu tabulae, tu missus abibis.

II.

Quae virtus et quanta, boni, sit vivere parvo,
(Nee mens hie sermo est, sed quae praecepit Ofellus
Rusticus, abnormis sapiens, crassaque Minerva,)
Discite, non inter lances mensasque nitentes,

69 laserit pauct 65 et qui 71 scena 79 diffingero 84 laudatur
86 laceraverit 1 bonis 2 quem 2 Ofella e com'. 3 abnormi

Hor n

162 HORATI SATIRARVM

Cum stupet insanis acies falgoribus et cum 5

Acclinis falsis animus meliora recusat,
Yerum hie impransi mecum disquirite. Cur hoc ?
Dicam, si potero. Male verum examinat omnis
Corruptus judex. Leporem sectatus equove
Lassus ab indomito, vel, si Romana fatigat 10

Militia adsuetum graecari, seu pila velox,
Molliter austerum studio fallente laborem,
Seu te discus agit, pete cedentem aera disco ;
Cum labor extuderit fastidia, siccus, inanis
Sperne cibum vilem ; nisi Hymettia mella Falerno 15
Ne biberis diluta. Foris est promus, et atrum
Defendens pisces hiemat mare : cum sale panis
Latrantem stomachum bene leniet. Unde putas aut
Qui partum ? Non in caro nidore voluptas
Summa, sed in te ipso est. Tu pulmentaria quaere 20
Sudando ; pinguem vitiis albumque neque ostrea
Nee scams aut poterit peregrina juvare lagois.
Vix tamen eripiam, posito pavone, velis quin
Hoc potius quam gallina tergere palatum,
Corruptus vanis rerum, quia veneat auro 25

Rara avis, et picta pandat spectacula cauda ;
Tamquam ad rem attineat quicquam. Num vesceris ista
Quam laudas pluma? Cocto num adest honor idem ?
Came tamen quamvis distat nihil hac magis ilia,
Imparibus formis deceptum te patet. Esto : 30

Unde datum sentis, lupus hie Tiberinus an alto
Captus hiet ? pontesne inter jactatus an amnis
Ostia sub Tusci ? Laudas, insane, trilibrem
Mullum, in singula quem minuas pulmenta necesse est.
Ducit te species, video : quo pertinet ergo 35

Proceros odisse lupos ? Quia scilicet illis
Majorem natura modum dedit, his breve pondus.
Jejunus raro stomachus volgaria temnit.
" Porrectum magno magnum spectare catino
Yellem," ait Harpy iis gula digna rapacibus. At vos 4(

14 extulerit 21 viciis 23 tandem 29 nil 29 illam
30 peter* 35 quid 38 tempnit

LIB. II. 2 163

Praesentes, Austri, coquite horum obsonia I Quamquam
Putet aper rhonibusque recens, mala copia quando
Aegrum sollicitat stomachum, cum rapula plenus
Atque acidas mavult inulas. Necdum omnis abacta
Pauperies epulis regura ; nam vilibus ovis 45

Nigrisque est oleis hodie locus. Haud ita pridem
Galloni praeconis erat acipensere mensa
Infamis. Quid ? tunc rhombos minus aequor alebat ?
Tutus erat rhombus, tutoque ciconia nido,
Donee vos auctor docuit praetorius. Ergo 50

Si quis nunc merges suaves edixerit assos,
Parebit pravi docilis Romana juventus.

Sordidus a tenui victu distabit, Ofello
Judice; nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud,
Si te alio pravum detorseris. Avidienus, 55

Cui Canis ex vero ductum cognomen adhaeret,
Quinquennes oleas est et silvestria corna,
Ac nisi mutatum parcit defundere vinum, et
Cujus odorem olei nequeas perferre, (licebit
llle repotia, natales, aliosve dierum 60

Festos albatus celebret,) cornu ipse bilibri
Caulibus instillat, veteris non parens aceti.
Quali igitur victu sapiens utetur, et horura
Utrum imitabitur ? Hac urget lupus, hac canis, aiunt.
Mundus erit, qua non oflfendat sordibus, atque 65

In neutram partem cultus miser. Hie neque servis,
Albuci senis exemplo, dum munia didit,
Saevus erit; nee sic ut simplex Xaevius unctara
Convivis praebebit aquam : vitium hoc quoque magnum.

Acoipe nunc victus tenuis quae quantaque secum TO
Afferat. In primis valeas bene : nam variae res
Ut noceant homini, credas, memor illius escae
Quae simplex olim tibi sederit ; at simul assis

41 quamvifl 47 accipenscro 48 aoquora alebant .5.3 disfabat

56 dictum 58 diftundere 64 angit 65 qui 65 oflendit

65 sordiduB 69 praebebat 71 imprimifl 73 ac

164 HORATI SATIRARVM

Miscueris elixa, simul conchylia turdis,
Dulcia se in bilem vertent, stomachoque tumultum 75
Lenta feret pituita. Vides ut pallidus oranis
Cena desurgat dubia ? Quin corpus onustum
Hesternis vitiis animum quoque praegravat una,
Atque affigit humo divinae particulam aurae.
Alter, ubi dicto citius curata sopori 80

Membra dedit, vegetus praescripta ad munia surgit.
Hie tamen ad melius poterit transcurrere quondam,
Sive diem festum rediens advexerit annus,
Seu recreare volet tenuatum corpus, ubique
Accedent anni et tractari mollius aetas
Imbecilla volet ; tibi quidnam accedet ad istam, 85
Quam puer et validus praesumis, mollitiem, seu
Dura valetudo inciderit seu tarda senectus ?
llancidum aprum antiqui laudabant, non quia nasus
Illis nullus erat, sed, credo, hac mente, quod hospes 90
Tardius adveniens vitiatum commodius quam
Integrum edax dominus consumeret. Hos utinam inter
Heroas natum tellus me prima tulisset !
Das aliquid famae, quae carmine gratior aurem
Occupat humanam ? Grandes rhombi patinaeque 95
Grande ferunt una cum damno dedecus ; adde
Iratum patruum, vicinos, te tibi iniquura
Et frustra mortis cupidum, cum deerit egenti
As, laquei pretium. "Jure," inquit, " Trausius istis
Jurgatur verbis; ego vectigalia magna 100

Divitiasque habeo tribus amplas regibus." Ergo
Quod superat non est melius quo insumere possis ?
Cur eget indignus quisquam te divite? Quare
Templa ruunt antiqua deum ? Cur, improbe, carae
Non aliquid patriae tanto emetiris acervo? 105

Uni nimirum recte tibi semper erunt res,
O magnus posthac inimicis risus ! Uterne
Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius ? hie qui
Pluribus adsuerit mentem corpusque superbum,

11 caena 79 aflfligit 83 adduxerit 95 occupet 99 aei
99 inquis perpauei 106 recta© 106 eunt e com*

LIB. II. 2, 3 165

An qui contentus parvo metuensque futiiri 110

In pace, ut sapiens, aptarit idonea bello ?

Quo magis his credas, puer hunc ego parvus Ofellum
Integris opibus novi non latius usum
Quam nunc accisis. Yideas metato in agello
Cum pecore et gnatis fortem mercede colonum, 115
" Non ego," narrantem, " temere edi luce profesta
Quicquam praeter olus fumosae cum pede pernae.
Ac mihi seu longum post tempus venerat hospes,
Sive operum vacuo gratus conviva per imbrem
Vicinus, bene erat non piscibus urbe petitis, 120

Sed puUo atque haedo ; turn pensilis uva secundas
Et nux ornabat mensas cum duplice ficu.
Post hoc ludus erat culpa potare magistra,
Ac venerata Ceres, ita culmo surgeret alto,
Explicuit vino contractae seria frontis. 125

Saeviat atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus :
Quantum hinc iraminuet? Quanto aut ego parcius

aut vos,
O pueri, nituistis, ut hue novus incola venit ?
Nam propriae telluris herum natura neque ilium
Nee me nee quemquam statuit : nos expulit ille ; 130
Ilium aut nequities aut vafri inscitia juris,
Postremum expel let certe vivacior heres.
Nunc ager Umbreni sub nomine, nuper Ofelli
Dictus, erit niilli proprius, sed cedet in usum
Nunc mihi, nunc alii. Quocirca vivite fortes, 135

Fortiaque adversis opponite pectora rebus."

III.

Damas^ippuH. Sic raro scribis, ut toto non quater anno
Membranam poscas, scriptorum quaeque retexens,
Iratus tibi, quod, vini somnique benignus,
Nil dignum sermone canas. Quid fiet? At ipsis

118at 124ut;>a«ct 127 quantum 128 vixistis />auci 128 veni

132 postrenao 134 erat 134 cedit, cedcre 1 si

1 scribis tu M. coni., R., scribes 4 ab

166 HORATI SATIRARVM

Saturnalibus hue fugisti. Sobrius ergo 5

Die aliquid dignum promissis ! Incipe ! Nil est.
Culpantur fnistra calami, immeritusque laborat
Iratis natus paries dis atque poetis.
Atqui voltiis erat multa et praeclara minantis,
Si vacuum tepido cepisset villula tecto. 10

Quorsum pertinuit stipare Platona Menandro,
Eupolin, Arehiloehum, comites educere tautos ?
Invidiam placare paras virtute relicta?
Contemnere, miser I Yitanda est improba Siren
Desidia, aut quicquid vita meliore parasti 15

Ponendum aequo animo. Horat. Di te, Damasippe,

deaeque
Yerum ob consilium donent tonsore. Sed unde
Tam bene me nosti? Dam. Postquam omnis res mea

Janum
Ad medium fracta est, aliena negotia euro,
Exeussus propriis, Olim nam quaerere amabam, 20
Quo vafer ille pedes lavisset Sisyphus aere,
Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset ;
Callidus huie signo ponebam milia centum ;
Hortos egregiasque domos mercarier unus
Cum lucro noram ; unde frequentia Mercuriale 25

Imposuere mi hi cognomen compita. Horat. Novi,
Et miror morbi purgatum te illius. Dam. Atqui
Emovit veterem mire novus, ut solet, in cor
Trajecto lateris miseri eapitisve dolore,
Ut lethargicus hie cum fit pugil et medicum urget. 30
Horat. Dum ne quid simile huie, esto ut libet. Dam. 0

bone, ne te
Frustrere ; insanis et tu, stultique prope omnes,
Si quid Stertinius veri crepat, unde ego mira
Descripsi docilis praecepta haee, tempore quo me
Solatus jussit sapientem pascere barbam 35

Atque a Fabricio non tristem ponte reverti.
Nam, male re gesta, cum vellem mittere operto
Me capite in flumen, dexter stetit et '' Cave faxis

5 esto 22 scalptum 29 capitisquo 33 verum

LIB. II. '6 167

Te quicquam indignum ! Pudor " inquit " te malus angit.
Insanos qui inter vereare insanus haberi. 40

Primum nam inquiram quid ^xifarere: hoc si erit in te
Solo, nil verbi, pereas quin fortiter, addam.
Quern mala stultitia et quemeumque inscitia veri
Caecum agit, insanum Chrjsippi porticus et grex
Autumat. Haec populos, haec magnos formula reges, 45
Excepto sapiente, tenet. Nunc accipe quare
Desipiant omnes aeque ac tu, qui tibi nomen
Inaano posuere. Yelut silvis, ubi passim
Palantes error certo de tramite pellit,
Ille sinistrorsum, hie dextrorsum abit : unus utrique 50
Error, sed variis illudit partibus : hoc te
Crede modo insanum, nihilo ut sapientior ille,
Qui te deridet, caudam trahat. Est genus unum
Stultitiae nihilum metuenda timentis, ut ignes,
Ut rupes fluviosque in campo obstare queratur; 55

Alterum et huic varum et nihilo sapientius ignes
Per medios fluviosque ruentis : clamet arnica
Mater, honesta soror cum cognatis, pater, uxor,

Hie fossa est ingens, hie rupes maxima! serval"
Xon magis audierit quam Fusius ebrius olim, 60

Cum Ilionam edormit, Catienis mille ducentis
" Mater, te appeilo I " clamantibus." Huic ego volgus
Errori similem cunctum insanire docebo. '
Insanit veteres statuas Damasippus emendo :
Integer est mentis Damasippi creditor? Esto! 65
" Accipe quod numquam reddas mihi," si tibi dicam,
Tune insanus eris si acceperis? an magis excors
Rejecta praeda, quam praesens Mercurius fert ?
Scribe d(!cem a Nerio ; non est satis : adde Cicutae
Xodosi tabulas centum, mille adde catenas: 70

KfTugiet tamen haec sceleratus vincula Proteus.
Cum rapies in jus malis ridentem alienis,
Fiet aper, modo avis, modo saxum, et, cum volet, arbor.
^i male rem gerere insani est, contra bene sani,

39 urget 48 insani 50 utrisquo 56 variuni 60 Fufiu»
62 vulgum 69 a omit. 72 iura

168 HORATI SATIRARVM

Putidiiis multo cerebrum est, mihi crede, Perelli, 15
Dictantis quod tu numquam rescribere possis.

Audire atque togam jubeo componere, quisquis
Ambitione mala aut argenti pallet amore,
Quisquis luxuria tristive superstitione
Aut alio mentis morbo calet ; hue propius me, 80

Dum doceo insanire omnes, vos ordine adite.

Danda est ellebori multo pars maxima avaris ;
Nescio an Anticyram ratio illis destinet omnem.
Heredes Staberi summam ineidere sepulchro,
Ki sic fecissent, gladiatorum dare centum 85

Damnati populo paria atque epulum arbitrio Arri,
Frumenti quantum metit Africa. " Sive ego prave
Seu recte hoc volui, ne sis patruus mihi." Credo
Hoc Staberi prudentem animum vidisse. Quid ergo
Sensit, cum summam patrimoni insculpere saxo 90

Heredes voluit ? Quoad vixit, credidit ingens
Pauperiem vitium et cavit nihil acrius, ut, si J \JfM^^\
Forte minus locuples uno quadrante perisset, ^ ^

Ipse videretur sibi nequior : omnis enim res,
Virtus, fama, decus, divina humanaque pulchris 95
Divitiis parent ; quas qui construxerit, ille
Clarus erit, foptis, Justus. * Sapiensne ? ' Etiam, et rex,
Et quicquid volet. Hoc, veluti virtute paratum,
Speravit magnae laudi fore. Quid simile isti
Graecus Aristippus? qui servos projicere aurum 100
In media jussit Libya, quia tardius irent
Propter onus segnes. Titer est insanior horum ? — ■
Nil agit exemplum, litem quod lite resolvit.
Si quis emat citharas, emptas comportet in unum,
Nee studio citharae nee Musae deditus ulli, 105

Si scalpra et form as non sutor, nautica vela
Aversus mercaturis, delirus et amens
Undique dicatur merito. Qui discrepat istia

75 Perilli 93 periret 96 contraxerit 97 sapiensque
107 adversus 108 quid 108 iste

LIB. II. 3 169

^^ui nummos aurumque recondit, nescius uti
Oompositis, metuensque velut contingere sacrum? 110
Si quis ad ingentem frumenti semper acervum
Porrectus vigilet cum longo fuste, neque illinc
Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,
Ac potius foliis parcus vescatur amaris ;
Si positis intus Chii veterisque Falerni 115

Mille cadis — niiiil est, tercentum milibus — acre
Potet acetum ; age, si et stramentis incubet, unde-
Octoginta annos natus, cui stragula vestis,
Blattarum ac tinearum epulae, putrescat in area:
Nimiruni insanus paucis videatur, eo quod 120

Maxima pars hominum morbo jactatur eodem.
Fiiius aut etiam haec libertus ut ebibat heres,
Dis inimice seuex, custodis ? Ne tibi desit ?
Quantulum enim summae curtabit quisque dierum,
Unguere si caules oleo meliore caputque 125

Coeperis impexa foedum porrigine ? Quare,
Si quidvis satis est, perjuras, surripis, aufers
Undique ? Tun' sanus ? Populum si caedere saxis
Incipias servosve tuos quos acre pararis,
Insanum te omnes pueri clamentque puellae : 130

Cum laqueo uxorem interimis matremque veneno,
Incolumi capite es ? ' Quid eoim ? ' Neque tu hoc facia

Argis,
Nee ferro ut demens genetricem occidis Orestes.
An tu reris eum occisa insanisse parente,
Ac non ante malis dementem actum Furiis quam 135
In matris jugulo ferrum tepefecit acutum ?
Quin, ex quo est habitus male tutae mentis Orestes,
Nil sane fecit quod tu reprehendere possis :
Non Pyladen ferro violare aususve sororem
Electram, tantum maledicit utrique, vocando 140

Hanc Furiam, hunc aliud, jussit quod splendida bilis.
Pauper Opimius argenti positi intus et auri,
Qui Veientanum festis potare diebus
Campana solitus trulla vappamque profestis,

116 treoentum 117 incubet udi» e com. 128 turn 129 Bcrvosque
133 genitriuem 133 oooidit J 34 at

170 HORATI SATIRARVM

Quondam lethargo grandi est oppressus, ut heres 145
Jam circum loculos et claves laetus ovansque
Curreret. Hunc medicus multum celer atque fidelis
Excitat hoc pacto : mensam poni jubet atque
Effundi saccos nummorum, accedere plures
Ad numerandum : hominem sic erigit. Addit et

illud, 150

" Ni tua custodis, avidus jam haec auferet heres."
"Men' vivo?" " Ut vivas, igitur, vigila : hoc age."

" Quid vis ? "
" Deficient inopem venae te, ni cibus atque
Ingens accedit stomacho fultura ruenti.
Tucessas? Agedum,sumehocptisanariumoryzae." 155
" Quanti emptae ? " " Parvo. " " Quanti, ergo ? "

" Octussibus." "Eheu!
Quid refert, morbo an furtis pereamque rapinis ? "

Quisnam igitur sanus ? Qui non stultus. Quid
avarus ?
Stultus et insanus. Quid, si quis non sit avarus,
Continuo sanus ? Minime. Cur, Stoice? Dicam. ICO
Non est cardiacus (Craterum dixisse putato)
Hie aeger : recte est igitur surgetque ? Negabit,
Quod latus aut renes morbo temptentur acuto.
Non est perjurus neque sordidus ; immolet acquis
Hicporcum Laribus: verum ambitiosus et audax; 165
Naviget Anticyram. Quid enim diflfert, barathrone
Dones quicquid habes, an numquam utare paratis ?
Servius Oppidius Canusi duo praedia, dives
Antiquo censu, gnatis divisse duobus
Fertur, et hoc moriens pueris dixisse vocatis 170

Ad lectum : " Postquam te talos, Aule, nucesque
Ferre sinu laxo, donare et ludere vidi,
Te, Tiberi, numerare, cavis abscondere tristem,
Extimui ne vos ageret vesania discors,
Tu Nomentanum, tu ne sequerere Cicutam. 175

Quare per divos oratus uterque Penates,

164 aceedat 157 pereamve 163 temptantur, tententur
170 hskee pauei

LIB. II. 3 171

Tu cave ne rainuas, tu ne majus facias id

Quod satis esse putat pater et natura coercet.

Praeterea ne vos titillet Gloria, jure

Jurando obstringam ambo : uter aedilis fueritve 180

Yestrum praetor, is intestabilis et sacer esto.

In cicere atque faba bona tu perdasque lupinis,

Latus ut in Clrco spatiere et aeneus ut stes,

Nudus agris, nudus nummis, insane, paternis ?

Scilicet ut plausus, quos fert Agrippa, feras tu, 185

Astuta ingenuura volpes imitata leonem ! " —

" Ne quis humasse velit Ajacem, Atrida, vetas cur?"

"Rex sum." *' Nil ultra quaeroplebeius." "Etaequam

Rem imperito ; ac si cui videor non Justus, inulto

Dicere quod sentit perniitto." " Maxime regum, 190

Di tibi dent capta classem redducere Troja I

Ergo consulere et mox respondere licebit?"

" Consule." " Cur Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Putescit, totiens servatis clarus Achivis?

Gaudeat ut populus Priami Priamusque inhumato, 195

Per quern tot juvenes patrio caruere sepulchro ? "

*' Mille ovium insanus morti dedit, inclutum Ulixen

Et Menelaum una mecum se occidere damans."

*' Tu, cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam

Ante aras, spargisque mola caput, improbe, salsa, 200

Rectum aniuii servas?" — "Quorsum?" — "Insanus

quid enim Ajax
Fecit, cum stravit ferro pecus ? Abstinuit vim
Uxore et gnato ; mala multa precatus Atridis,
Non ille aut Tcucrum aut ipsum violavit Ulixen."
"Verum ego, ut haerentes adverso litore naves 205
Eriperein, prudens placavi sanguine divos."
" Nempe tuo, furiose." " Meo, sed non furiosus."
Qui species alias veris scelerisque tumultu
Permixtas capiet, commotus habebitur, atque
Stultitiane erret nihilum distabit an ira. 210

Ajax immeritos cum occidit desipit agnos:

183 aut aeneus 191 reducerc, dcducere 194 putrcscit

197 inclitnm 201 quorsum insanus? quid 208 vcri

211 oum immeritoa, iDmeritoD dum

172 HORATI SATIRARVM

Cum prudens scelus ob titulos admittis inanes,

Stas aaimo, et puruin est vitio tibi, cum tumidum est,

cor?
Si quis lectica nitidam gestare amet agnam,
Huic vestem, ut gnatae, paret, ancillas paret, aurum, 215
Rufam aut Pusillam appellet, fortique marito
Destinet uxorem, interdicto huic omne adimat jus
Praetor, et ad sanos abeat tutela propinquos.
Quid ? si quis gnatam pro muta devovet agna.
Integer est aniini ? Ne dixeris. Ergo ubi prava 220
Stultitia, hie summa est insania ; qui sceieratus,
Et furiosus erit ; quern cepit vitrea fama,
Hunc circumtonuit gaudens Bellona cruentis.

Nunc age, luxuriam tt Nonientanum arripe mecum :
Vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes. 225

Hie siinul accepit patrimoni mille talenta,
Edicit, piscator uti, pomarius, auceps,
Unguentarius, ac Tusci turba impiu vici,
Cum scurris fartor, cum Yelabro omne macellum.
Mane domum veniant. Quid turn? Venere fro-

quentes. 230

Verba facit leno : " Quicquid mihi, quicquid et horum
Cuique domi est, id crede tuum, et vel ^lunc pete vel

eras."
Accipe quid contra juvenis responderit aequus :
"In nive Lucana dormis ocreatus, ut aprum
Cenem ego ; tu pisces hiberno ex aequore verris. 235
Segnis ego, indignus qui tantum possideam : aufer I
Sume tibi decies ; tibi tantundem ; tibi triplex,
Unde uxor media currit de nocte vocata."
Filius Aesopi detractam ex aure Metellae,
Scilicet ut decies solidum absorberet, aceto 240

Diluit insignem bacam : qui sanior ac si
Illud idem in rapidum flumen jaceretve cloacam ?
Quinti progenies Arri, par nobile fratrum,
Nequitia et nugis pravorum et amore gemellum,

212 committis 225 vincit 235 caenem 235 vellia

240 exsorberet 241 baccam editores, non codices

LIB II. 3 173

Luscinias soliti impenso prandere coemptas, 245

Quorsum abeant ? Sanii' creta, an carbone notandi ?

Aedificare casas, plostello adjungere mures,
Ludere par impar, equitare in arundine longa,
Si quera delectet barbatum, amentia verset.
Si paerilius his ratio esse evincet amare, 250

Nee quicquam differre utrumne in pulvere, trimus
Quale prius, ludas opus, an meretricis amore
Sollicitus plores, quaero, faciasne quod olim
Mutatus Polemon ? ponas insignia morbi,
Faseiolas, cubital, focal ia, potus ut ille 255

Dicitur ex collo furtim carpsisse coronas,
Postquam est impransi correptus voce magistri ?
Porrigis irato puero cum poma, recusat :
" Sume, catelle ! " negat ; si non des, optet : amator
Exclusus qui distat, agit ubi secum eat an non, 2G0
Quo rediturus erat non arcessitus, et haeret
Invisis foribus ? *' Nee nunc, cum me vocat ultro,
Acccdam ? an potius mediter finire dolores ?
Exclusit ; re vocat : redeam ? Non, si obsecret." Ecce
Servus, non paulo sapientior: " 0 here, quae res 265
Nee modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque
Tractari non volt. In amore haec sunt mala, bellum,
Pax rursum : haec si quis tempestatis prope ritu
Mobilia et caeca fluitantia sorte laboret
Reddere certa sibi, nihilo plus explicet ac si 270

Insanire paret certa ratione modoque."
Quid ? cum, Picenis excerpens semina pomis,
Gaudes si cameram percusti forte, penes te es ?
Quid ? cum balba feris annoso verba palato,
Aedificante casas qui sanior? Adde cruorem 275

Stultitiae, atquo ignem gladio scrutare. Modo, inquam,
Ilellade percussa Marius cum praecipitat se,
Cerritus fuit ? an commotae crimine mentis
Absolves hominem, et sceleris damnabis eundem,
Ex more imponens cognata vocabula rebus ? 280

246 flani ut, sani 247 plau8telIo 260 sic 255 cubitale

259 optat 261 accersitus 262 invisua 262 ne 262 vooct

277 alii dintinguunt scrutare modo, inquam.

174 HORATI SATIUARVM

Libertinus erat, qui circum compita siccus
Lautis mane senex manibus currebat et " Unum "
("Quid tarn magnum?" addens), "unum me surpite

morti,
Dis etenim facile est I " orabat ; sanus utrisque
Auribus atque oculis ; mentem, nisi litigiosus, 285
Exciperet dominus cum venderet. Hoc quoque volgus
Chrysippus ponit fecunda in gente Meneni.
" Juppiter, ingentes qui das adimisque dolores,"
Mater ait pueri menses jam quinque cubantis,
" Frigida si puerum quartana reliquerit, illo 290

Mane die, quo tu indicis jejunia, nudus
In Tiber! stabit." Casus medicusve levarit
Aegrum ex praecipiti : mater delira necabit
In gelida fixum ripa febrimque reducet.
Quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum." — 295

Haec mihi Stertinius, sapientum octavus, amico
Arma dedit, posthac ne compellarer inultus.
Dixerit insanum qui me, totidem audiet, atque
Respicere ignoto discet pendentia tergo.

Horat. Stoice, post damnum sic vendas omnia
pluris, 300

Qua me stultitia, quoniam non est genus unum,
Insanire putas ? Ego nam videor mihi sanus.
Dam. Quid? caput abscissum manibus cum portat Agave
Gnati infelicis, sibi tum furiosa videtur?
Horat. Stultum me fateor, (liceat concedere veris,) 305
Atque etiam insanum ; tantum hoc edissere, quo me
Aegrotare putes animi vitio ? Dam. Accipe : primum
Aediftcas, hoc est, longos imitaris, ab imo
Ad summum totus moduli bipedalis ; et idem
Corpore majorem rides Turbonis in armis 310

Spiritual et incessum : qui ridiculus minus illo?
An quodcumque facit Maecenas, te quoque verum est,
Tantum dissimilem, et tanto certare minorem ?

283 quiddam 292 medieusque 295 percussa 300 dampnum

301 quam me stultitiam e coni. 303 abscisum

303 demens cum 313 tanto dissimilem

LIB. II. 3, 4 175

Absentis ranae pullis vituli pede pressis,

Unus ubi eflfugit, matri denarrat, ut ingens 815

Belua cognatos eliserit. Ilia rogare :

•' Quantane ? num tantum," sufflans se, " magna fuisset ? "

" Major diraidio." " Num tantum ? " Cum magis atque

Se magis inflaret, " Non, si te ruperis," inquit,

'* Par eris." Ilaec a te non multum abludit imago. 320

Adda poemata nunc, hoc est, oleum adde camino ;

Quae si quis sanus fecit, sanus facis et tu.

Non dico horrendam rabiem — Horat. Jam desine I —

Dam. Cultum
Majorem censu — Horat. Teneas, Damasippe, tuis te.
0 major tandem parcas, insane, minor! I 325

lY.

Horat. Unde et quo Catius ? Cat. Non est mihi

tempus aventi
Ponere signa novis praeceptis, qualia vincant
Pythagoran Anytique reum doctumque Platona.
Horat. Peccatum fateor, cum te sic tempore laevo
Interpellirim ; sed des veniam bonus, oro. 5

Quod si interciderit tibi nunc aliquid, repetes mox,
Sive est naturae hoc sive artis, mirus utroque.
Cat. Quin id erat curae, quo pacto cuncta tenerem,
Utpote res tenues, tenui sermone peractas.
Horat. Ede hominis nomen, simul et, Romanus an

hospes. 10

Cat. Ipsa memor praecepta canam, celabitur auctor.

Longa quibus facies ovis erit, ilia memento,
Ut suci melioris et ut magis alba rotundis,
Ponere ; namque marem cohibent callosa vitellum.
Caule suburbano qui siccis crevit in agris 15

Dulcior ; irriguo nihil est elutius horto.
Si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,
Ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

318 tanto 322 facit, et sanus facies tu 2 vincunt, vincent
11 ipse 13 alma e cowt.

176 HORATI SATIRARVM

Doctus eris vivam mixto mersare Falerno ;

Hoc teneram faciei. Pratensibus optima fungis 20

Natura est ; aliis male creditur. Ille salubres

Aestates peraget, qui nigris prandia moris

Finiet, ante gravem quae legerit arbore solem.

Aufidius forti miscebat mella Falerno,

Mendose, quoniam vacuis coramittere venis 25

Nil nisi lene decet ; leni praecordia mulso

Prolueris melius. Si dura morabitur alvus,

Mitulus et viles pellent obstantia conchae

Et lapathi brevis herba, sed albo non sine Coo.

Lubrica nascentes implent conchylia lunae ; 30

Sed non omne mare est generosae fertile testae ;

Murice Baiano melior Lucrina peloris,

Ostrea Circeiis, Miseno oriuntur echini,

Pectinibus patulis jactat se molle Tarentum.

Nee sibi cenarum quivis temere arroget artem, 35
Non prius exacta tenui ratione saporum ;
Nee satis est cara pisces averrere mensa
Ignarum quibus est jus aptius et quibus assis
Languidus in cubitum jam se conviva reponet.
Umber et iligna nutritus glande rotundas 40

Curvat aper lances carnem vitantis inertem ;
Nam Laurens mains est, ulvis et arundine pinguis.
Vinea submittit capreas non semper edules.
Fecundae leporis sapiens sectabitur armos.
Piscibus atque avibus quae natura et foret aetas, 45
Ante meum nulli patuit quaesita palatum.
Sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit.
Nequaquam satis in re una consumere curam,
Ut si quis solum hoc, mala ne sint vina, laboret,
Quail perfundat pisces securus olivo. ^^

Massica si caelo supponas vina sereno,
Nocturna, si quid crassi est, tenuabitur aura,
Et decedet odor nervis inimicus ; at ilia
Integrum perdunt lino vitiata saporem.

37 avertere 39 reponit 41 curvet 42 harundine
44 fecundi 51 suppones

LIB. II. 4 177

Surrentiiia vafer qui miscet faece Falerna 65

Vina, columbino limum bene colligit ovo,

Quatenus ima petit volvens aliena vitellus.

Tostis marcentem squillis reereabis et Afra

Potorem cochlea : nam lactuca innatat acri

Post vinum stonaacho ; perna magis ac magis hillis 60

Flagitat immorsus refici ; quin omnia malit,

Quaecumque immundis fervent allata popinis.

Est operae pretium duplicis pernoscere juris

Naturam. Simplex e dulci constat olivo,

Quod pingui miscere mero muriaque decebit, 65

Non alia quam qua Byzantia putuit orca.

Hoc ubi confusum sectis inferbuit herbis

Corycioque croco sparsum stetit, insuper addes

Pressa Yenafranae quod baca remisit olivae.

Picenis cedunt pomis Tiburtia suco ; TO

Nam facie praestant. Yenucula convenit ollis ;

Rectius Albanam fumo duraveris uvam.

Hanc ego cum malis, ego faecem primus et allec,

Primus et invenior piper album cum sale nigro

Incretum puris circumposuisse catillis. T5

Immane est vitium dare milia terna macello

Angustoque vagos pisces urgere catino.

Magna movet stomacbo fastidia, sen puer unctis

Tractavit calicem manibus, dum furta ligurrit,

Sive gravis veteri craterae limus adhaesit. 80

Vilibus in scopis, in mappis, in scobe quantus

Consistit sumptus ? Neglectis, flagitium ingens.

Ten' lapides varios lutulenta radere palma

Et Tyrias dare circum inluta toralia vestcs,

Oblitum, quanto curam sumptumque minorem 85

Haec habeant, tanto reprehendi justius illis

Quae nisi divitibus nequeant contingere mensis ?

W Eorat. Docte Cati, per amicitiam divosque rogatus,
Ducere me auditum, perges quocumque, memento.

67 qnatinus 57 pctat 61 in morsus 69 bacca 70 suoco
73 haleo F., J. 78 movent 78 stomachum 79 frusta
79 ligurit 84 illota 87 ncquount
Hor. 12

178 HORATI SATIRARVM

Nam quamvis memori referas mihi pectore cuncta, 90
Non tamen interpres tautundem juveris. Adde
Yoltum habitumque hominis, quern tu vidisse beatus
Non magni pendis, quia contigit ; at mihi cura
Non mediocris inest, fontes ut adire remotos
Atque haurire queam vitae praecepta beatae. 95

Ulixes. Hoc quoque, Tiresia, praeter narrata petenti
Responde, quibus amissas reparare queam res
Artibus atque modis. Quid rides ? Tiresias. Jamne

doloso
Non satis est Ithacam revehi patriosque penates "
Aspicere ? Ulix. O nulli quicquam mentite, vides ut 5
Nudus inopsque domum redeam, te vate ; neque illic
Aut apotheca precis intacta est aut pecus ; atqui
Et genus et virtus, nisi cum re, vilior alga est.

Tir. Quando pauperiem, missis ambagibus, horres,
Accipe qua ratione queas ditescere. Turdus 10

Sive aliud privum dabitur tibi, devolet illuc
Res ubi magna nitet domino sene ; dulcia poma
Et quoscumque feret cultus tibi fundus honores,
Ante Larem gustet venerabilior Lare dives ;
Qui quamvis perjurus erit, sine gente, cruentus 15

Sanguine fraterno, fugitivus, ne tamen illi
Tu comes exterior, si postulet, ire recuses.
Ulix, Utne tegam spurco Damae latus ? Hand ita Trojae
Me gessi, certans semper melioribus. Tir. Ergo
Pauper eris. Ulix. Fortem hoc animum tolerare
jubebo ; 20

Et quondam majora tuli. Tu protinus, unde
Divitias aerisque ruam die, augur, acervos.
Tir. Dixi equidem et dico : captes astutus ubique
Testamenta senum, neu, si vafer unus et alter

90 referas memori 3 dolose pauci 18 visne 18 haut
22 eruam gloasema

LIB. II. 5 179

Insidiatorem praeroso fugerit hamo, 25

Aut spem deponas aut ariem illusus omittas.
Magna minorve foro si res certabitar olim,
Vivet uter locuples siue gnatis, improbus, ultro
Qui nielioreiu audax vocet in jus, illius esto
Defensor ; fama civem causaque priorem 30

Sperne, domi si gnatus erit fecundave conjunx.
" Quinte," puta, aut " Publi," (gaudent praenomine

molles
Auriculae) " tibi me virtus tua fecit amicum ;
Jus an cops novi, causas defendere possum ,
Eripiet quivis oculos citius mihi, quam te 35

Contemptum cassa nuce pauperet ; haec mea cura est,
Ne quid tu perdas, neu sis jocus." Ire domum atque
Pelliculam curare jube ; fi cognitor ipse.
Persta atque obdura, seu rubra Canicula findet
Infantes statuas, seu pingui tentus omaso 40

Furius hibernas cana nive conspuet Alpes.
" Xonne vides," aliquis cubito stantem prope tangens
Inquiet, " ut patiens ! ut amicis aptus ! ut acer 1 "
Plures adnabunt thunni et cetaria crescent.

Si cui praeterea validus male filius in re 45

raeclara sublatus aletur, ne manifestum
Caelibis obsequium nudet te, leniter in spem
Adrepe officiosus, ut ct scribare secundus
Heres, et, si quis casus puerum egerit Oreo,
In vacuum venias : perraro haec alea fallit. 50

Qui testamentura tradet tibi cumque legendum,
Abnuere et tabulas a te removere memento.
Sic tamen, ut limis rapias, quid prima secundo
Cera velit versu ; solus multisne coheres,
Veloci percurre oculo. Plerumque recoctus 55

IBcriba ex quinqucviro corvum deludet hiantem,
Daptatorque dabit risus Nasica Corano.
Ulix. Num fur is ? an prudens ludis me obscura canendo ?
Tir. 0 Laertiade, quicquid dicam aut erit aut non i

180 HORATI SATIRARVM

Divinare etenim magnus mihi donat Apollo. 60

Ulix. Quid tamea ista velit sibi fabula, si licet, ede.

Tir. Tempore quo juveiiis Parthis horrendus, ab alto

Demissum genus Aenea, tellure marique

Magnus erit, forti nubet procera Corano

Filia Nasicae, metuentis reddere soldum. 65

Turn gener hoc faciet : tabulas socero dabit atque

Ut legat orabit ; multum Nasica negatas

Accipiet tandem et tacitus leget, invenietque

Nil sibi legatum praeter plorare suisque.

Illud ad haec jubeo: mulier si forte dolosa 70

Libertusve senem delirum temperet, illis
Accedas socius ; laudes, lauderis ut absens ;
Adjuvat hoc quoque, sed vincit longe prius ipsum
Expugnare caput. Scribet mala carraina vecors :
Laudato. Scortator erit : cave te roget ; ultro 75

Penelopam facilis potiori trade. Ulix. Putasne ?
Perduci poterit tarn frugi tamque pudica,
Quam nequiere proci recto depellere cursu ?
Tir. Venit enim, magnum donandi parca, juventus,
Nee tantum veneris, quantum studiosa culinae. 80

Sic tibi Penelope frugi est, quae si semel uno
De sene gustarit tecum partita lucellum,
Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto.

Me sene quod dicam factum est : anus improba Thebis
Ex testamento sic est elata : cadaver 85

Unctum oleo largo nudis humeris tulit heres,
Scilicet elabi si posset mortua ; credo,
Quod nimium institerat viventi. Cautus adito,
Neu desis operae, neve immoderatus abundes.
Difficilem et morosum offendet garrulus ; ultra 90

Non etiam sileas ; Davus sis comicus, atque
Stes capite obstipo, multum similis metuenti.
Obsequio grassare ; mone, si increbuit aura,
Cautus uti velet carum caput ; extrahe turba

73 vincet 74 scribit 76 Penelopem 83 exterrebitur

87 elabi sic, ut labi sic 90 oiFendes B. com. 90 ultro

90 diatinguunt alii garrulus ultra {uel ultro) ; 93 increpuit

LIB. II. 6, 6 181

Oppositis bumeris ; aurem substringe loquaci. 95

Importunus amat laudari ; donee " Ohe jam I "
Ad caelum manibus sublatis dixerit, urge,
Crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus utrem.

Cum te servitio longo curaque lev^rit,
Et certum vigilans, Quartae sit partis Ulixes, 100
Audieris, heres : " Ergo nunc Dama sodalis
Nusquam est? Unde mihi tam fortem tamque fidelem? "
Sparge subinde, et, si paulum potes, illacrimare : est
Gaudia prodentem voltum celare. Sepulchrum
Permissum arbitrio sine sordibus exstrue ; funus 105
Egregie factum laudet vicinia. Si quis
Forte coheredum senior male tussiet, huic tu
Die, ex parte tua seu fundi sive domus sit
Emptor, gaudentem nummo te addicere. — Sed me
Imperiosa trahit Proserpina: vive valequel 110

VI.

Hoc erat in votis : modus agri non ita magnus,

Hortus ubi et teeto vicinus jugis aquae fons

Et paulum silvae super his foret. Auctius atque

Di melius fecere. Bene est. Nil amplius oro,

Maia nate, nisi ut propria haec mihi munera faxis. 5

Si neque majorem feci ratione mala rem,

Nee sum faeturus vitio culpave minorem ;

Si veneror stultus nihil horum : " 0 si angulus ille

Proximus accedat, qui nunc denormat agellum I

O si urnam argenti fors quae mihi monstret, ut illi, 10

Thesauro invento qui mercennarius agrum

Ilium ipsum mercatus aravit, dives amico

Hercule I " si quod adest gratum juvat, hac prece te ore:

Pingue peeus domino facias et cetera praeter

Ingenium, utque soles, eustos mihi maximus adsis 1 15

Ergo ubi me in montes et in arcem ex urbe removi,
Quid prius illustrem satiris Musaque pedestri ?

100 CBto pnuri 103 e«t omittnnt pauct 103 inlacrima ; e re est e coni.
106 landat 7 culpaque 10 qua 11 mercenarius

182 , HORATI SATIRARVM

Nec mala me ambitio perdit nee plumbeus Auster

Autumnusque gravis, Libitinae quaestus acerbae.

Matutine pater, seu Jane libentius audis, 20

XJnde homines operum primes vitaeque labores

lustituunt, (sic dis placitum,) tu carminis esto

Principium. Romae sponsorem me rapis. " Eia,

Ne prior oflBcio quisquam respondeat, urge ! "

Sive Aquilo radit terras seu bruma nivalem 25

Interiore diem gyro trahit, ire necesse est.

Postmodo, quod mi obsit clare certumque locuto,

Luctandum in turba et facienda injuria tardis.

" Quid vis, insane, et quas res agis ? " improbus urget

Iratis precibus; " tu pulses omne quod obstat, 30

Ad Maecenatem memori si mente recurras ? "

Hoc juvat et melli est, non mentiar. At simul atras

Yentum est Esquilias, aliena negotia centum

Per caput et circa saliunt latus. " Ante secundam

Roscius orabat sibi adesses ad Puteal eras." 35

" De re communi scribae magna atque nova te

Orabant hodie meminisses, Quinte, reverti."

" Imprimat his, cura, Maecenas signa tabellis."

Dixeris, " Experiar : " " Si vis, potes," addit et instat.

Septimus octavo propior jam fugerit annus, 40

Ex quo Maecenas me coepit habere suorum
In numero ; dumtaxat ad hoc, quem tollere reda
Vellet iter faciens, et cui concredere nugas
Hoc genus : " Hora quota est ? " — " Threx est Gallina

Syro par ? " —
" Matutina parum cautos jam frigora mordent ; " — 45
Et quae rimosa bene deponuntur in aure.
Per totum hoc tempus subjectior in diem et horam
Invidiae noster. Ludos spectaverat una,
Luserat in Campo : " Fortunae filius I " omnes.
Frigidus a Rostris manat per compita rumor : 50

Quicumque obvius est, me consulit : " O bone, (nam te

29 quid tibi vis 29 agis omittunt 32 mentior 42 rheda

44 Thrax, Thraex 48 diatinguunt alii invidiae. Noster

48 spectaverit ,,|^ 49 luscrit

LIB. II. 6 183

Scire, deos quoniam propius contingis, oportet,)
Kumquid de Dacis audisti ? " " Nil equidem." " Ut tu
Semper eris derisor ! " " At omnes di exagitent me,
Si qaicquam." " Quid, militibus promissa Triquetra 55
Praedia Caesar, an est Itala tellure daturus? "
Jurantem me scire nihil mirantur, ut unum
Scilicet egregii mortalem altique silenti.

Perditur haec inter misero lux non sine votis :
0 rus, quando ego te aspiciam ? quandoque licebit 60
Nunc veterum libris, nunc somno et inertibus horis
Ducere sollicitae jucunda oblivia vitae ?
O quando faba Pythagorae cognata simulque
TJncta satis pingui ponentur oluscula lardo ?
O noctes cenaeque deum I quibus ipse meique 65

Ante Larem proprium vescor vernasque procaces
Pasco libatis dapibus. Prout cuique libido est,
Siccat inaequales calices conviva, solutus
Legibus insanis, seu quis capit acria fortis
Pocula, seu modicis uvescit laetius. Ergo 70

[ Sermo oritur, non de villis domibusve alienis.
Nee male necne Lepos saltet ; sed quod magis ad nos
Pertinet et nescire malum est agitamus : utrumne
Divitiis homines an sint virtute beati ;
Quldve ad amicitias, usus rectumne, trahat nos ; T5
Et quae sit natura boni, summumque quid ejus.

Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles
Ex re fabellas. Si quis nam laudat Arelli
Sollicitas ignarus opes, sic incipit: " Olim
Rusticus urbanum murem mus paupere fertur 80

Accepisse cavo, veterem vetus hospes amicum,
Asper et attentus quaesitis, ut tamen artum
Solveret hospitiis animum. Quid multa? neque ille
Sepositi ciceris nee longae invidit avenae,
Aridum et ore ferens acinum semesaque lardi 85

Frusta dedit, cupiens varia fastidia cena

57 miratar 62 iocunda 70 humescit 78 nam si quia 83 illi°

184 HORATI SATIRARVM

Yincere tangentis male singula dente superbo ;
Cum pater ipse domus palea porrectus in horna
Esset ador loliumque, dapis meliora relinquens.
Tandem urbanus ad hunc : ' Quid te juvat,' inquit,
* amice, 90

Praerupti nemoris patientem vivere dorso ?
Vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis ?
Carpe viam, mihi crede, comes, terrestria quando
Mortales animas vivunt sortita, neque ulla est
Aut magno aut parvo leti fuga : quo, bone, circa, 95
Dum licet, in rebus jucundis vive beatus,
Vive memor quam sis aevi brevis.' Haec ubi dicta
Agrestem pepulere, domo levis exsilit ; inde
Ambo propositum peragunt iter, urbis aventes
Moenia nocturni subrepere. Jamque tenebat 100

Nox medium caeli spatium. cum ponit uterque
In locuplete domo vestigia, rubro ubi cocco
Tincta super lectos canderet vestis eburnos,
Multaque de magna superessent fercula cena.
Quae procul exstructis inerant hesterna canistris. 105
Ergo, ubi purpurea porrectum in veste locavit
Agrestem, veluti succinctus cursitat hospes
Continuatque dapes, nee non verniliter ipsis
Eungitur officiis, praelambens omne quod aflfert.
Ille Cubans gaudet mutata sorte bonisque 110

Rebus agit 1 actum convivam, cum subito ingens
Valvarum strepitus lectis excussit utrumque.
Currere per totum pavidi conclave, magisque
Exanimes trepidare, simul domus alta Molossis
Personuit canibus. Tum rusticus 'Hand mihi vita 115
Est opus hac,' ait, 'et valeas ; me silva cavusque
Tutus ab insidiia tenui solabitur ervo.' "

VII.

Dav. Jamdudum ausculto, et cupiens tibi dicere servus
Pauca, reformido. Herus. Davusne ? Dav. Ita, Davus,
amicum

109 praelibens 116 valeat editore» quidam

LIB. II. 7 185

Mancipium domino et frugi, quod sit satis, hoc est,
Ut vitale putes. Her. Age, libertate Decembri,
Quando ita majores voluerunt, utere ; narra. 5

Dav. Pars hominum vitiis gaudet constanter et urget
Propositum ; pars multa natat, modo recta capessens,
Interdum pravis obnoxia. Saepe notatus
Cum tribus anellis, modo laeva Priscus inani,
Vixit inaequalis, clavum ut mutaret in horas, 10

Aedibus ex magnis subito se conderet, unde
Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste ;
Jam moechus Romae, jam mallet doctus Athenis
Yivere, Yertumnis, quotquot sunt, natus iniquis.
Scurra Yolanerius, postquam illi justa cheragra 15
Contudit articulos, qui pro se tolleret atque
Mitteret in phimum talos, mercede diurna
Conductum pavit ; quanto constantior isdem
In vitiis, tanto levius miser ac prior illo,
Qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat. 20

Her. Non dices bodie, quorsum haec tam putida tendant,
Furcifer ? Dav. Ad te, inquam. Her. Quo pacto, pes-

i^H sime? Dav. Laudas

^■Fortunam et mores antiquae plebis, et idem,
^^Si quis ad ilia deus subito te agat, usque recuses,

Aut quia non sentis, quod clamas, rectius esse, 25

Aut quia non firmus rectum defendis, et haeres
Nequiquam coeno cupiens evellere plantam.
Romae rus optas ; absentem rusticus urbem
Tollis ad astra levis. Si nusquam es forte vocatus
Ad cenam, laudas securum olus, ac, velut usquam 30
Yinctus eas, ita te felicem dicis amasque
Quod nusquam tibi sit potandum. Jusserit ad se

I Maecenas serum sub lumina prima venire
Convivam: " Nemon' oleum fert ocius? Ecquis
Audit ? " cum magno blateras clamore fugisque. 35
Mulvius et scurrae, tibi non referenda precati,
Discedunt. " Etenim fateor me," dixerit ille,
13 doctor 15 chiragra 18 idem 19 ille 20 tam contento quam

186 HORATI SATIRARVM

" Duci ventre levem, nasum nidore supinor,
Imbecillus, iners, si quid vis, adde, popino.
Tu, cum sis quod ego et fortassis nequior, ultro 40
Insectere velut melior, verbisque decoris
Obvolvas vitium ? " Quid, si me stultior ipso
Quingentis empto drachmis deprenderis ? Aufer
Me voltu terrere ; manum stomachumque teneto,
Dum quae Crispini docuit me janitor edo. 45

Te eonjunx aliena capit, meretricula Davum.
Tu cum projectis insignibus, anulo equestri
Romanoque habitu, prodis ex judice Dama
Turpis, odoratum caput obscurante lacerna,
Non es quod simulas ? Metuens induceris, atque 50
Altercante libidinibus tremis ossa pavore.
Quid refert, uri virgis ferroque necari
Auctoratus eas, an turpi clausus in area,
Quo te demisit peccati conscia herilis,
Contractum genibus tangas caput ? Estne marito 55
Matronae peccantis in ambo justa potestas ?
Cum te formidet mulier neque credat amantl,
Ibis sub furcam prudens, dominoque furenti
Committes rem omnem et vitam et cum corpore famam.
Evasti : credo metues doctusque cavebis: 60

Quaeres quando iterum paveas, iterumque perire
Possis, o totiens servus ! Quae belua ruptis,
Cum semel efifugit, reddit se prava catenis ?
'* Non sum moechus," ais. Neque ego, hercule, fur,

ubi vasa
Praetereo sapiens argentea. Tolle periclum, 65

Jam vaga prosiliet frenis natura remotis.
Tune mihi dominus, rerum imperiis hominumque
Tot tantisque minor, quem ter vindicta quaterque
Imposita baud uraquam misera formidine privet ?
Adde super, dictis quod non levins valeat : nam, TO
Sive vicarius est qui servo paret, uti mos
Tester ait, sen conservus, tibi quid sum ego ? Nempe
Tu, mihi qui imperitas, alii servis miser, atque

42 ipse 47 annulo 56 amboa 60 doctus metuensque 69 privat
70 supradictis 70 diatinguunt alii super dictis, 72 agit 73 aliis

LIB. II. 7 187

Duceris, ut nervis alienis mobile lignum.

Quisnamigitur liber? Sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus, 75
Quern neque pauperies, neque mors, neque vincula

terrent,
Responsare cupidinibus, contemnere honores
Fortis, et in se ipso totus, teres, atque rotundus,
Externi ne quid valeat per leve morari,
In quern manca ruit semper fortuna. Potesne 80

Ex his ut proprium quid noscere ? Quinque talenta
Poscit te mulier, vexat foribusque repulsum
Perfundit gelida, rureus vocat : eripe turpi
Collajugo; "Liber, liber sum," die age I Non quis ;
tJrget enim dominus mentem non lenis, et acres 85
Subjectat lasso stimulos, versatque negantem.
Vel cum Pausiaca torpes, insane, tabella.
Qui peccas minus atque ego, cum Fulvi Rutubaeque
Aut Pacideiani contento poplite miror
Proelia rubrica picta aut carbone, velut si 90

Re vera pugnent, feriant, vitentque moventes
Arma viri ? Nequam et cessator Davus ; at ipse
Subtilis veterum judex et callidus audis.
Nil ego, si ducor libo fumante : tibi ingens
Virtus atque animus ceuis responsat opimis ? 95

Obsequium ventris mihi perniciosius est cur?
Tergo plector enim. Qui tu impunitior ilia,
Quae parvo sumi nequeunt, obsonia captas ?
Nempe inamarescunt epulae sine fine petitae,
lllusique pedes vitiosum ferre recusant 100

Corpus. An hie peccat, sub noctem qui puer uvam
Furtiva mutat strigili ; qui praedia vendit,
Nil servile, gulae parens, habet? Adde, quod idem
Non horam tecum esse potes, non otia recte

IFonere, teque ipsum vitas, fugitivus et erro, 105

ilara vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curam :
Frustra : nam comes atra premit sequiturque fugacem
Her. Unde mihi lapidem ? Dav. Quorsum est opus?
Her. Unde sagittas ?
I ...... ,„.„„

188 HORATI SATIRARVM

Dav. Aut insanit homo, aut versus facit. Her. Ocius

hinc te
Ni rapis, accedes opera agro nona Sabino 1 110

Till.

Horat. Ut Nasidieni juvit te cena beati ?
Nam mihi quaerenti convivam dictus here illic
De medio potare die. Fundan. Sic, ut mihi numquam
In vita fuerit melius. Hor. Da, si grave nou est,
Quae prima iratum ventrem placaverit esca. 6

Fund. In primis Lucanus aper ; leni fuit Austro
Captus, ut aiebat cenae pater ; acria circum
Rapula, lactucae, radices, qualia lassum
Pervellunt stomachum, siser, allec, faecula Coa.
His ubi sublatis puer alte cinctus acernam 10

Gausape purpureo mensam pertersit, et alter
Sublegit quodcumqiie jaceret inutile quodque
Posset cenantes oifendere, ut Attica virgo
Cum sacris Cereris procedit fuscus Hydaspes,
Caecuba vina ferens, Alcon Chium maris expers. 15
Hie herus : ** Albanum, Maecenas, sive Falernum
Te magis appositis delectat, habemus utrumque."
Hor. Divitias miseras ! Sed quis cenantibus una,
Fundani, pulchre fuerit tibi, nosse laboro.
^und. Summus ego, et prope me Viscus Thurinus, et
infra, 20

Si memini, Yarius ; cum Servilio Balatrone
Vibidius, quas Maecenas adduxerat umbras ;
Nomentanus erat super ipsum, Porcius infra,
Ridiculus totas simul absorbere placentas.
Nomentanus ad hoc, qui, si qp'^ forte lateret, 25

Indice monstraret digito : nam cetera turba,
Nos, inquam, cenamus aves, conchylia, plsces,
Longe dissimilem noto celantia sucum ;
TJt vel continuo patuit, cum passeris atque

2 heri 4 die 5 pacaverit 9 halleo 22 quos 24 semel
24 obsorbere 27 conchilia 28 succum

LIB. II. 8 189

Ingustata mihi porrexerat ilia rhombi. 30

Post hoc me docuit melimela rubere minorem

Ad lunam delecta. Quid hoc iiitersit, ab ipso

Audieris melius. Turn Vibidius Balatroni,

" Nos nisi damnose bibimus, moriemur inulti ; "

Et calices poscit majores. Yertere pallor 35

Turn parochi faciem, nil sic metuentis ut acres

Potores, vel quod male dicunt liberius vel

Fervida quod subtile exsurdant vina palatum.

Invertunt Allifanis vinaria tota

Vibidius Balatroque, secutis omnibus ; imi 40

Convivae lecti nihilum nocuere lagenis.

'O'

Affertur squillas inter murena natantes
In patina porrecta. Sub hoc herus " Haec gravida,"

inquit,
" Capta est, deterior post partum carne futura.
His mixtum jus est : oleo quod prima Yenafri 45

Pressit cella ; garo de sucis piscis Hiberi ,•
Vino quinquenni, verum citra mare nato,
Dum coquitur — cocto Chium sic convenit, ut non
Hoc magis ullum aliud; — pipere albo, non sine aceto,
Quod Methymnaeam vitio mutaverit uvam. 50

Erucas virides, inulas ego primus amaras
Monstravi incoquere ; inlutos Curtillus echinos,
Ut melius muria quod testa marina remittal."
Interea suspensa graves aulaea ruinas
In patinam fecere, trahentia pulveris atri
Quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat agris.
Nos majus veriti, postquam nihil esse pericli
Sensimus, erigimur: ilufiis posito capite, ut si
Filius immaturus obisset, flere. Quis esset
Finis, ni sapiens sic Nomentanus amicum
Tolleret: " Heu» Fortuna, quis est crudelior in no^

I^^e deus? Ut «temper gaudes illudere rebus
Hpumanisl" Varius mappa compescere risum
^^ix poterat. Balatro suspendens omnia naso,

34 moriamur 40 imig 42 mura
quam 53 remittit

190 HORATI SATIRARVM LIB. II. 8

" Haec est condicio vivendi," aiebat, " eoque 65

Responsura tuo numquam est par fama labori.
Tene, ut ego accipiar laute, torquerier omni
Sollicitudine districtum, ne panis adustus,
Ne male conditum jus apponatur, ut omnes
Praeeincti recte pueri comptique ministrent 1 TO

Adde hos praeterea casus, aulaea ruant si,
Ut modo ; si patinam pede lapsus frangat agaso.
Sed convivatoris, uti ducis, ingenium res
Adversae nudare solent, celare seeundae."
Nasidienus ad haec: " Tibi di quaecumque preceris 75
Commoda dent I Ita vir bonus es convivaque comis ; "
Et soleas poscit. Turn in lecto quoque videres
Stridere secreta divisos aure susurros.

Hor. Nullos his mallem ludos spectasse ; sed ilia
Redde, age, quae deinceps risisti. Fund.Y\h\6.\\x?, dum 80
Quaerit de pueris, num sit quoque fracta lagena.
Quod sibi poscenti non dantur pocula, dumque
Ridetur fictis rerum Balatrone secundo,
Nasidiene, redis mutatae frontis, ut arte
Eniendaturus fortunam ; deinde secuti 85

Mazonorao pueri magno discerpta ferentes
Membra gruis sparsi sale multo, non sine farre,
Pinguibus et ficis pastum jecur anseris albae,
Et leporum avolsos, ut multo suavius, armos,
Quam si cum lumbis quis edit. Tum pectore adusto 90
Vidimus et merulas poni et sine clune palumbes,
Suaves res, si non causas narraret earum et
Naturas dominus ; quem nos sic fugimus ulti,

9f

I

Q. HORATI FLACCI

EPISTVLARVM

LIBER PRIMVS

Prima dicte mihi, summa dicende Camena.

Spectatum satis et donatum jam rude quaeris,

Maecenas, iterum antique me includere ludo.

Non eadem est aetas, non mens. Veianius, armis

Hereulis ad postem fixis, latet abditus agro, 5

Ne populum extrema totiens exoret arena.

Est mihi purgatam crebro qui personet aurem :

** Solve senescentem mature sanus equura, ne

Peccet ad extremum ridendus et ilia ducat ! "

None itaque et versus et cetera ludicra pono ; 10

Quid verum atque decens, euro et rogo, et omnis in hoc

sum;
Condo et compono quae mox depromcre possim.
Ac ne forte roges quo me duce, quo lare tuter:
Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri,
Quo me cumque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes, 15
Nunc agilis fio et mersor civilibus undis,
^^'irtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles ;
^^Kunc in Aristippi furtim praecepta relabor,
^HSt mihi res, non me rebus, subjungere conor.
^^onga dies ut opus debentibus, ut piger annus 20

^Vupillis quos dura premit custodia matrum,

■

20 «ic Q.

191

192 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Sic mihi tarda fluunt ingrataque tempora, quae spem
Consiliumque morantur agendi gnaviter id quod
Aeque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque,
Aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit. 25

Restat ut his ego me ipse regam solerque elementis.
Non possis oculo quantum contendere Lynceus,
Non tame.i idcirco contemnas lippus inungi ;
Nee, qu'a desperes invicti membra Glyconis,
Nodosa corpus nolis prohibere cheragra. 30

Est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra.
Fervet avaritia raiseroque cupidine pectus :
Sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem
Possis et magnam morbi deponere partem.
Laudis amore tumes : sunt certa piacula, quae te 35
Ter pure lecto poterunt recreare libello.
Invidus, iracundus, iners, vinosus, amator,
Nemo adeo ferus est ut non mitescere possit,
Si raodo culturae patientem commodet aurem.
Virtus est vitium fu<rere, et sapientia prima 40

Stultitia caruisse. Yides quae maxima credis
Esse mala, exiguum censum turpemque repulsam,
Quanto devites animi capitisque labore ;
Inipiger extremos curris mercator ad Indos,
Per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes: 45
Ne cures ea, quae stulte miraris et optas,
Discere, et audire, et meliori credere non vis ?
Quis circum pagos et circum compita pugnax
Magna coronari contemnat Olympia, cui spes,
Cui sit condicio dulcis sine pulvere palmae ? 50

Yilius argentum est auro, virtutibus aurum.

" 0 cives, cives, quaerenda pecunia primum est ;
Yirtus post nummos." Haec Janus summus ab imo
Prodocet, haec recinunt juvenes dictata senesque,
Laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto. 55

Est animus tibi, sunt mores et lingua fidesque,

23 naviter 31 quodam 60 conditio 56, 57 inverao ordine

LIB. I. 1 193

Sed quadringentis sex septem milia desunt :
Plebs eris. At pueri ludentes, " Rex eris," aiunt,
"Si recte facies." Hie murus aeneus esto,
Nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa. 60

Roscia, die sodes, inelior lex, an puerorum est
Nenia, quae regnum recte facientibus offert,
Et maribus Curiis et decantata Camillis ?
Isne tibi melius suadet qui rem facias, rem.
Si possis, recte, si non, quocumque modo rem, 65

TJt propius spectes lacrimosa poemata Pupi,
An qui Fortunae te responsare superbae
Liberum et erectum praesens hortatur et aptat?
Quod si me populus Romanus forte roget, cur
Non, ut porticibus, sic judiciis fruar isdem, 70

Nee sequar aut fugiam quae diligit ipse vel odit,
Olim quod volpes aegroto cauta leoni
Respondit referam : " Quia me vestigia terrent,
Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum."
Belua multorum es capitum. Nam quid sequar aut
quem ? 75

Pars hominum gestit conducere publica ; sunt qui
Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,
Excipiantque senes, quos in vivaria mittant ;
Multis occulto crescit res fenore. Yerum
Esto aliis alios rebus studiisque teneri: 80

Idem eadem possunt horam durare probantes ?
" Nullus in orbe sinus Bais praelucet amoenis "
Si dixit dives, lacus et mare sentit amorem
Festinantis heri ; cui si vitiosa libido
Fecerit auspicium, " Cras ferramenta Teanum 85

ToUetis, fabri." Lectus genialis in aula est:
Nil ait esse prius, melius nil caelibe vita :
Si non est, jurat bene soils esse maritis.
Quo teneam voltus mutantem Protea nodo?
Quid pauper? Ride: mutat cenacula, lectos, 90

Balnea, tonsores, conducto navigio aeque
Nauseat ac locuples quem ducit priva triremis.

67 si 57 dcsint 77 fnistia 82 Baiis
Hor. 18

194 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Si curatus inaequali tonsore capillos
Occurri, rides ; si forte subucula pexae
Trita siibest tunieae vel si toga dissidet impar, 95

Rides: quid, mea cum pugnat sententia seeum,
Quod petiit spernit, repetit quod nuper omisit,
Aestuat et vitae disconvenit ordine toto,
Diruit, aedifieat, mutat quadrata rotundis ?
Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides, 100

Nee medici credis nee curatoris egere
A praetore dati, rerum tutela mearum
Cum sis et prave sectum stomacheris ob unguem
De te pendentis, te respicientis amici.
Ad summam : sapiens uno minor est Jove, dives, 105
Liber, honoratus, pulcher, rex denique regum,
Praecipue sanus, nisi cum pituita molesta est.

II.

Trojani belli scriptorem, Maxime Lolli,

Dum tu declamas Romae, Praeneste relegi ;

Qui quid sit pulchrum, quid turpe, quid utile, quid non,

Planius ac melius Chrysippo et Crantore dicit.

Cur ita crediderim, nisi quid te detinet, audi. 5

Fabula, qua Paridis propter narratur amorem

Graecia Barbariae lento collisa duello,

Stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus.

Antenor censet belli praecidere causam :

Quid Paris ? Ut salvus regnet vivatque beatus 10

Cogi posse negat. Nestor componere lites

Inter Peliden festinat et inter Atriden ;

Hunc amor, ira quidem communiter urit utrumque.

Quicquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi.

Seditione, dolis, scelere atque libidine et ira, 15

Iliacos intra muros peccatur et extra.

Rursus, quid virtus et quid sapientia possit,

Utile proposuit nobis exemplar Ulixen ;

Qui, domitor Trojae, multorum providus urbes

94 occurro 4 plenius 5 distinet 10 quod

LIB. I. 2 195

Et mores hominum inspexit, latumque per aequor, 20

Dum sibi, dum sociis reditam parat, aspera multa

Pertulit, adversis rerum immersabilis undis.

Sirenum voces et Circae poeala nosti ;

Quae si cum sociis stultus cupidusque bibisset,

Sub domiua meretrice fuisset turpis et excors, 25

Yixisset canis immundus vel amica luto sus.

Nos Humerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,
Sponsi Penelopae, nebulones, Alcinoique
In cute curanda plus aequo operata juventus,
Cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies, et 30

Ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam.
Ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones:
Ut te ipsum serves, non expergisceris ? Atqui,
Si noles sanus, curres hydropicus ; et ni
Posces ante diem librum cum lumine, si non 35

Intendes animum studiis et rebus honestis,
Invidia vel amore vigil torquebere. Nam cur
Quae laedunt oculos festinas demere, si quid
Est animum, differs curandi tempus in annum ?
Dimidium facti qui coepit habet ; sapere aude ; 40

Incipe. Qui recte vivendi prorogat horam,
Rusticus exspectat dum detiuat amnis ; at ille
Labitur et labetur, in omne volubilis aevum.

Quaeritur argentum puerisque beata creandis
Uxor, et incultae pacantur vomere silvae : 45

Quod satis est cui contingit, nihil amplius optet.
Non domus et fundus, non aeris acervus et auri
Aegroto domini deduxit corpore febres,
Non animo curas. Valeat possessor oportet,
Si comportatis rebus bene cogitat uti. 50

Qui cupit aut metuit, juvat ilium sic domus et res
Ut lippum pictae tabulae, fomenta podagram,
Auriculas citharae collecta sorde dolentes.
Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcumque infundis acescit.

31 dacere somnum 32 hominem 34 nolis 38 oculum

41 vivendi qui rocte 46 contigit 46 is nihil, hio nihil Lambinu»

48 dcducit 48 febrom

196 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Sperne voluptates ; nocet empta dolore voluptas. 55
Semper avarus eget : certum voto pete finem.
Invidus alterius macrescit rebus opimis ;
Invidia Siculi non invenere tjranni
Majus tormentura. Qui non moderabitur irae,
Infectum volet esse dolor quod suaserit et mens, 60
Dum poenas odio per vim festinat inulto.
Ira furor brevis est : animum rege, qui nisi paret,
Imperat ; hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce catena.
Fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister
Ire viam, qua monstret eques ; veuaticus, ex quo 65
Tempore cervinam pellem latravit in aula,
Militat in silvis catulus. Nunc adbibe pure
Pectore verba, puer, nunc te melioribus offer.
Quo semel est imbuta recens servabit odorem
Testa diu. Quod si cessas, aut strenuus anteis, tO
Nee tardum opperior nee praecedentibus insto.

III.

Juli Flore, quibus terrarum militet oris

Claudius Augusti privignus, scire laboro.

Thracane vos Hebrusque nivali compede vinctus,

An freta vicinas inter currentia turres,

An pingues Asiae campi collesque morantur ? ^

Quid studiosa cohors operum struit ? Hoc quoque euro.

Quis sibi res gestas Augusti scribere sumit ?

Bella quis et paces longum diflfundit in aevum ?

Quid Titius, Romana brevi venturus in ora ?

Pindarici fontis qui non expalluit haustus, 10

Fastidire lacus et rivos ausus apertos.

Ut valet ? ut meminit nostri ? Fidibusne Latinis

Thebanos aptare modos studet auspice Musa,

An tragica desaevit et ampullatur in arte ?

Quid mihi Celsus agit ? monitus, multumque monendus,

Privatas ut quaerat opes, et tangere vitet 16

Scripta Palatinus quaecumque recepit Apollo,

63 catenis 66 quam 65 monstrat 67 adhibe 4 terras

6 haec Lambinus, Cruquiua

LIB. I. 3, 4 197

Ne, si forte suas repetitum venerit olim

Grex avium plumas, moveat cornicula risum

Furtivis nudata coloribus. Ipse quid audes ? 20

Quae circum volitas ag-ilis thyma ? Non tibi parvuui

Ingenium, non incultum est et turpiter hirtuni :

Seu linguam eausis acuis, seu civica jura

Respondere paras, seu condis amabile carmen,

Prima feres hederae victricis praemia. Quod si 25

Frigida curarum fomenta relinquere posses,

Quo te eaelestis sapientia duceret, ires.

Hoc opus, hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli,

Si patriae volumus, si nobis vivere cari.

Debes hoc etiam rescribere, sit tibi curae, 30

Quantae conveniat, Munatius. An male sarta

Gratia nequiquam coit, et rescinditur? — At vos

Seu calidus sanguis seu rerum inscitia vexat

Indomita cervice feros, ubicumque locorum

Yivitis, indigni fraternum rumpere foedus, 35

Pascitur in vestrum reditum votiva juvenca.

IV.

Albi, nostrorum sermonum candide judex,

Quid nunc te dicam facere in regione Pedana ?

Scribere quod Cassi Parmensis opuscula vincat,

An taciturn silvas inter reptarc salubres,

Curantem quicquid dignum sapiente bonoque est ? 5

Non tu corpus eras sine pectore. Di tibi formam,

Di tibi divitias dcderunt artemque fruendi.

Quid voveat dulci nutricula majus alumno.

Qui sapere et far! possit quae sentiat, et cui

Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abundc, 10

Et mundus victus non deficiente crumena ?

Inter spem curamque, timores inter et iras,

Oranem crede diem tibi diluxisse supremum:

Grata superveniet, quae non sperabitur, bora.

22 nee turpiter 30 si 32 nequicquam 32 ac

33 heu caliduH sanguis hcu 7 divicias 7 dedcrant 9 quam sapere

9 ut possit Lambinue, Cruquiu» 10 valitudo

198 HORaTI epistvlarvm

Me pinguem et nitidum bene curata cute vises, 15
Cum ridere voles Epicuri de grege porcum.

V.

Si potes Archiacis conviva recumbere lectis,

Nee modica cenare times olus omne patella,

Supremo te sole domi, Torquate, manebo.

Yina bibes iterum Tauro diffusa palustres

Inter Minturnas Sinuessanumque Petrinura. 5

Si melius quid habes, arcesse, vel imperium fer:

Jamdudum splendet focus et tibi munda supellex.

Mitte leves spes et certamina divitiarum

Et Moschi causam : eras nato Caesare festus

Dat veniam somnumque dies ; impune licebit 10

Aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem.

Quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti ?

Parcus ob heredis curam nimiumque severus

Assidet insano : potare et spargere flores

Incipiam, patiarque vel incousultus haberi. 15

Quid non ebrietas designat ? Operta recludit,

Spes jubet esse ratas, ad proelia trudit inertem,

Sollicitis animis onus eximit, addocet artes.

Fecundi calices quem non fecere disertum ?

Contracta quem non in paupertate solutum ? 20

Haec ego procurare et idoneus imperor et non

Invitus, ne turpe toral, ne sordida mappa

Corruget nares, ne non et cantharus et lanx

Ostendat tibi te, ne fidos inter amicos

Sit qui dicta foras eliminet. Ut coeat par 25

Jungaturque pari, Butram tibi Septiciumque,

Et nisi cena prior potiorque puella Sabinum

Detinet, assumam. Locus est et pluribus umbris :

Sed nimis arta premunt olidae convivia caprae.

Tu quotus esse velis rescribe, et, rebus omissis, 30

Atria servantem postico falle clientem.

6 sin 6 accerse 11 festivam 11 extendere

12 fortuna, fortunas e coni., fortunae e com. 16 dissignat 17 inermem

25, 26 distinguunt alii eliminet, ut . . . pari. 26 Septimiumque

LIB. I. 5, 6 199

YI.

Nil admirari prope res est una, Numici,

Solaque, quae possit facere et servare beatum.

Hunc solem et Stellas et decedentia certis

Tempora momentis sunt qui formidine nulla

Irabuti spectent : quid censes munera terrae ? 5

Quid maris extremes Arabas ditantis et Indos ?

Ludicra quid, plausus, et amici dona Quiritis ?

Quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore ?

Qui timet his adversa, fere miratur eodem

Quo eupiens pacto ; pavor est utrobique molestus ; 10

Improvisa simul species exterret utrumque.

Gaudeat an doleat, cupiat metuatne, quid ad rem,

Si, quicquid vidit melius pejusve sua spe,

Defixis oculis animoque et corpore torpet?

Insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui, 15

Ultra quam satis est virtutem si petat ipsam.

I nunc, argentum et m armor vetus aeraque et artes

Suspice, cum gemmis Tyrios mirare colores ;

Gaude ouod spectant oculi te mille loquentem ;

Gnavus mane forum et vespertinus pete tectum, 20

Ne plus frumenti dotalibus emetat agris

Mutus, et (indignum, quod sit pejoribus ortus)

Hie tibi sit potius quam tu mirabilis illi.

Quicquid sub terra est, in apricum proferet aetas ;

Defodiet condetque nitentia. Cum bene notum 25

Porticus Agrippae et via te conspexerit Appi,

Ire tamen restat Numa quo devenit et Ancus.

Si latus aut renes morbo temptantur acuto,
Quaere fugam morbi. Vis recte vivere : quis non?
Si virtus hoc una potest dare, fortis omissis 30

Hoc age deliciis. Virtutem verba putas ut
Lucum ligna : cave ne portus occupet alter,
Ne Cibyratica, ne Bithyna negotia perdas ;
Mille talenta rotundentur, totidem altera, porro et

6 spectant 8 cordis 16 petet, petit 22 Mucius 28 tentantur
31 putes 31 et 34 et omit.

200 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Tertia succedant, et quae pars quadret acervum. 35

Scilicet uxorem cum dote fidemque et amicos

Et genus et formam regina Pecunia donat,

Ac bene nummatum decorat Suadela Venusque.

Mancipiis locuples eget aeris Cappadocum rex:

Ne fueris hie tu. Chlamydes Lucullus, ut aiunt, 40

Si posset centum scaenae praebere rogatus,

" Qui possum tot ? " ait ; " tameu et quaeram, et quot

habebo
Mittara : " post paulo scribit, sibi milia quinque
Esse domi chlamydum, partem vel tolleret omnes.
Exilis domus est ubi non et multa supersunt 45

Et dominum fallunt et prosunt furibus. Ergo,
Si res sola potest facere et servare beatum,
Hoc primus repetas opus, hoc postremus omittas.
Si fortunatum species et gratia praestat,
Mercemur servum qui dictet nomina, laevura 50

Qui fodicet latus et cogat trans pondera dextram
Porrigere. " Hie multum in Fabia valet, ille Yelina ;
Cui libet hie fasces dabit, eripietque curule
Cui volet importunus ebur." Frater, Pater, adde ;
TJt cuique est aetas, ita quemque facetus adopta. 55
Si bene qui cenat bene vivit : lucet, earaus
Quo ducit gula ; piscemur, venemur, ut olim
Gargilius, qui mane plagas, venabula, servos
Differtum transire forum popuhimque jubebat,
Unus ut e multis populo spectante referret ^0

Emptum mulus aprum. Crudi tumidique lavemur,
Quid deceat, quid non, obliti, Caerite cera
Digni, remigium vitiosum Ithacensis Ulixei,
Cui potior patria fuit interdicta voluptas.
Si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque 65

Nil est jucundum, vivas in amore jocisque.
Yive, vale ! Si quid novisti rectius istis,
Candidus imperti ; si non, his utere mecum.

35 quadrat 41 scenae 50 in fine saevum, servum R. e com.
51 fodiet, fodiat 53 is fasoes 57 ducet 68 si nil

LIB. I. 6, 7 201

YII.

Quinque dies tibi pollicitus me rure futurum,

Sextilem totum mendax desideror. Atqui

Si me vivere vis sanum recteque valentem,

Quam mihi das aegro, dabis aegrotare timenti,

Maecenas, veniam, dum ficus prima calorque 5

Designatorem decorat lictoribus atris,

Dum pueris omnis pater et matercula pallet,

Officiosaque sedulitas et opella forensis

Adducit febres et testamenta resignat.

Quod si bruma nives Albanis illinet agris, 10

Ad mare descendet vates tuus et sibi parcet

Contractusque leget ; te, dulcis amice, reviset

Cum Zephyris, si concedes, et hirundine prima.

Non, quo more piris vesci Calaber jubet hospes,
Tu me fecisti locuplet^m. *' Vescere sodes I " 15

"Jam satis est." "At tu quantum vis tolle." "Benigne."
*'Non invisa feres pueris munuscula parvis."
"Tarn teneor dono, quam si dimittar onustus."
"Ut libet; haec porcis hodie comedenda relinques."
Prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit et odit ; 20

Haec seges ingratos tulit.et feret omnibus annis.
Vir bonus et sapiens dignis ait esse paratus,
Nee tamen ignorat quid distent aera lupinis.
Dignum praestabo me etiam pro laude merentis.
Quod si me noles usquam discedere, reddes 25

Forte latus, nigros angusta fronte capillos,
Reddes dulce loqui, reddes ridere decorum, et
Inter vina fugam Cinarae maerere protervae.
Forte per angustam tenuis volpecula rimam
Repserat in cumeram frumenti, pastaque rursus 30
Ire foras pleno tendebat corpore frustra ;
Cui mustela procul " Si vis " ait " effugere istinc,

3 via recteque videre valentem 5 colorque 6 dissignatorem
18 honustus 19 relinquis 22 paratum 29 nitedula e coni.

202 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti."

Hac ego si compellor imagine, euneta resigno ;

Nee somnum plebis laudo satur altilium, nee 35

Otia divitiis Arabura liberrima muto.

Saepe verecundum laudasti, rexque paterque

Audisti coram, nee verbo parcius absens ;

Inspice si possum donata reponere laetus.

Hand male Telemachus, proles patientis Ulixei : 40
" Non est aptus equis Ithace locus, ut neque planis
Porrectus spatiis nee multae prodigus herbae ;
Atride, magis apta tibi tua dona relinquam."
Parvum parva decent ; mihi jam non regia Roma,
Sed vacuum Tibur placet aut imbelle Tarentum. 45
Strenuus et fortis causisque Philippus agendis
Clarus, ab officiis octavam circiter horam
Dum redit, atque Foro nimium distare Carinas
Jam grandis natu queritur, conspexit, ut aiunt,
Adrasum quendam vacua tonsoris in umbra 60

Cultello proprios purgantem leniter ungues.
" Demetri," — puer hie non laeve jussa Philippi
Accipiebat — " abi, quaere et refer, unde domo, quis,
Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre, quove patrono."
It, redit et narrat, Yolteium nomine Menam, 55

Praeconem, tenui censu, sine crimine, notum
Et properare loco et cessare, et quaerere et uti,
Gaudentem parvisque sodalibus et lare certo
Et ludis et post decisa negotia Campo.
" Scitari libet ex ipso quodcumque refers ; die 60

Ad cenam veniat." Non sane credere Mena,
Mirari secum tacitus. Quidmulta? " Benigne,"
Respondet. " Negat ille mihi ? " " Negat improbus,

et te
Neglegit aut horret." Yolteium mane Philippus
Yilia vendentem tunicato scruta popello 65

Occupat, et salvere jubet prior. Ille Philippo

33 quod 38 nee laudo 50 abrasum 61 resecantem leniter
55 Vulteium 60 quaecumque 63 neget ille

LIB. I. 7, 8 203

Excusare laborem et mercennaria vincla,

Quod non mane domum venisset, denique quod non

Providisset eum. " Sic ignovisse putato

Me tibi,sicenashodiemecum." "Utlibet." "Ergo TO

Post nonam venies ; nunc i, rem strenuus auge I "

Ut ventum ad cenam est, dicenda tacenda locutus

Tandem dormitum dimittitur. Hie ubi saepe

Occultum visus decurrere piscis ad hamum,

Mane cliens et jam certus conviva, jubetur T5

Rura suburbana indictis comes ire Latinis.

Impositus mannis arvum caelumque Sabinum

Non cessat laudare. Videt ridetque Philippus,

Et sibi dum requiem, dum risus undique quaerit,

Dum septem donat i^estertia, mutua septem 80

Promittit, persuadet uti mercetur Agellum.

Mercatur. Ne te longis ambagibus ultra

Quam satis est morer, ex nitido fit rusticus, atque

Sulcos et Tmeta crepat mera; praeparat ulmos,

Immoritur studiis, et amore senescit habendi. 85

Verum ubi oves furto, morbo periere capellae,

Spem mentita seges, bos est enectus arando,

Offensus damnis media de nocte caballura

Arripit iratusque Philippi tendit ad aedes.

Quem simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque Philippus, 90

" Durus," ait, "Voltei, nimis attentusque videris

Esse mihi." " Pol me miserum, patrone, vocares,

Si velles," inquit, "verum mihi ponere nomen I

Quod te per Genium dextramque deosque Penates

Obsecro et obtestor, vitae me redde priori." 95

Qui semel aspexit quantum dimissa petitis
Praestent, mature redeat repetatque relicta.
Metiri se quemque suo modulo ac pede verum est.

VIII.

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere Albinovano
Musa rogata refer, comiti scribaeque Neronis.

67 mercenaria 93 dicere 06 fiimul 96 adspexit

204 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Si quaeret quid agam, die multa et pulchra minantem

Yivere nee reete nee suaviter ; baud quia grando

Contuderit vites oleamque moraorderit aestus, 5

Nee quia longiuquis armeutum aegrotet in agris,

Sed quia mente minus validus quam eorpore toto

Nil audire velim, nil diseere, quod levet aegrum;

Fidis offendar medicis, irasear amicis,

Cur me funesto properent areere veterno ; 10

Quae nocuere sequar, fugiam quae pro fore eredam \

Romae Tibur amem ventosus, Tibure Romam.

Post haee, ut valeat, quo pacto rem gerat et se,

TJt placeat juveni, pereontare, utque cohort!.

Si dicet " Reete," primum gaudere, subinde 15

Praeeeptum auriculis hoc instillare memento:

" Ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus."

IX.

Septimius, CI audi, nimirum intellegit unus
Quanti me facias ; nam cum rogat et prece cogit,
Scilicet ut tibi se laudare et tradere coner,
Dignum mente domoque legentis honesta Neronis,
Munere cum fungi propioris censet amici, ^

Quid possim videt ac novit me valdius ipso.
Multa quidem dixi cur excusatus abirem ;
Sed timui mea ne finxisse minora putarer.
Dissimulator opis propriae, mibi eommodus uni.
Sic ego, majoris fugiens opprobria culpae, 1^

Frontis ad urbanae deseendi praemia. Quod si
Depositum laudas ob amici jussa pudorem,
Scribe tui gregis hunc, et fortem crede bonumque.

TJrbis amatorem Fuscum salvere jubemus
Ruris amatores, hac in re scilicet una
Multum dissimiles, at cetera paene gemelli

3 quaerit 6 oleamve 12 venturus 1 intelligit, intellegat
8 ad 3 caetera

LIB. I. 9, 10 205

Praternis animis ; quicquid negat alter, et alter ;

Annuimus pariter, vetuli notique columbi. 5

Tu nidum servas ; ego laudo ruris amoeni

Rivos et musco circumlita saxa nemusque.

Quid quaeris ? Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui

Quae vos ad caelum fertis rumore secundo,

TJtque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso ; 10

Pane egeo jam mellitis potiore placentis.

Vivere naturae si convenienter oportet,

Ponendaeque domo quaerenda est area primum,

Novistine locum potiorem rure beato ?

Est ubi plus tepeant hiemes, ubi gratior aura 15

Leniat et rabiem Canis et momenta Leonis,

Cum semel accepit Solem furibundus acutum ?

Est ubi divellat somnos minus invida cura ?

Deterius Libycis olet aut nitet herba lapillis?

Purior in vicis aqua tendit rumpere plumbum, 20

Quam quae per pronum trepidat cum murmure rivum ?

Nempe inter varias nutritur silva columnas,

Laudaturque domus longos quae prospicit agros.

Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret,

Et mala perrumpet furtim fastidia victrix. 25

Non, qui Sidonio contendere callidus ostro
Nescit Aquinatem potantia vellera fucum,
Certius accipiet damnum propiusve meduUis,
Quam qui non poterit vero distinguere falsum.
Quem res plus nimio delectavere secundae, 30

Mutatae quatient. Si quid mirabere, pones
Invitus. Fuge magna: licet sub paupere tecto
lieges et regum vita praccurrere amicos.
Cervus equum pugna melior communibus herbis
Pellebat, donee minor in certamino longo 35

Imploravit opes hominis frenumque recepit ;
Sed postquam victor violens discessit ab boste,
Non equitem dorso, non frenum depulit ore.
Sic qui pauperiem veritus potiore metallis

9 effertis 18 depellat 24 expelles 25 fastigia; vestigia 28 propiusque

206 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Libertate caret, dominum vehit iraprobus atque 40
Serviet aeternum, quia parvo nesciet uti.
Cui non conveniet sua res, ut calceus olim,
Si pede major erit, subvertet, si minor, uret.

Laetus sorte tua vives sapienter, Aristi,
Nee me dimittes incastigatum, ubi plura 45

Cogere quam satis est ac non cessare videbor.
Imperat aut servit collecta pecunia cuique,
Tortum digna sequi potius quam ducere funem.

Haec tibi dictabam post fanum putre Yacunae,
Excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus. 50

XI.

Quid tibi visa Chios, Bullati, notaque Lesbos,
Quid concinna Samos, quid Croesi regia Sardis,
Zmyrna quid et Colophon ? majora minorave fama ?
Cunctane prae campo et Tiberino flumine sordent?
An venit in votum Attalicis ex urbibus una, 6

An Lebedum laudas odio maris atque viarum ?
Scis Lebedus quid sit ; Gabiis desertior atque
Fidenis vicus ; tamen illic vivere vellem,
Oblitusque meorum obliviscendus et illis
Neptunum procul e terra spectare furentem. 10

Sed neque qui Capua Romam petit, imbre lutoque
Aspersus, volet in caupona vivere ; nee qui
Frigus collegit, furnos et balnea laudat
Ut fortunatam plene praestantia vitam ;
Nee, si te validus jactaverit Auster in alto, 15

Idcirco navem trans Aegaeum mare vendas.
Incolumi Khodos et Mytilene pulchra facit, quod
Pacnula solstitio, campestre nivalibus auris,
Per brumam Tiberis, Sextili mense caminus.
Dum licet ac voltum servat Fortuna benignum, 20
Romae laudetur Samos et Chios et Rhodos absens.
Tu quamcumque deus tibi fortunaverit horam

40 vehet 43 urget 3 Smyrna 3 minorane 10 ex

LIB. I. 11, 12 207

Grata sume manu, neu dulcia differ in annum,

TJt, quocumque loco faeris, vixisse libenter

Te dicas ; nam si ratio et prudentia curas, 25

I^on locus effusi late maris arbiter aufert,

Caelum, non animum, mutant, qui trans mare currunt.

Strenua nos exercet inertia ; navibus atque

Quadrigis petimus bene vivere. Quod petis, hie est,

Est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit aequus. 30

XII.

Fructibus Agrippae Siculis, quos colligis, Icci,

Si recte frueris, non est ut copia major

Ab Jove donari possit tibi. Tolle querellas ;

Pauper enim non est, cui rerum suppetit usus.

Si ventri bene, si lateri est pedibusque tuis, nil 6

Divitiae poterunt regales addere majus.

Si forte, in medio positorum abstemius, herbis

Vivis et urtica, sic vives protinus ut te

Confestim liquidus Fortunae rivus inauretj

Yel quia naturam mutare pecunia nescit, 10

Yel quia cuncta putas una virtute minora.

Miramur, si Democriti pecus edit agellos

Cultaque, dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox ;

Cum tu inter scabiem tantam et contagia lucri

Nil parvum sapias et adhuc sublimia cures : 15

Quae mare compescant causae, quid temperet annum,

Stellae sponte sua jussaene vagentur et errent,

Quid premat obscurum lunae, quid proferat orbem,

Quid velit ct possit rerum concordia discors,

Empedocles an Stertinium dcliret acumen ? 20

Verum, sen pisces seu porrum et caepe trucidas,

TJtere Pompeio Grospho, et, si quid petet, ultro

Defer ; nil Grosphus nisi verum orabit et acquum.

Vilis amicorum est annona, bonis ubi quid deest.

Ne tamen ignores quo sit Ilomana loco res ; 25

Cantaber Agrippae, Claudi virtute Neronis

24 tu 3 querelas 24 de'st cod. Bland. antiqui»$imu9

208 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Armenius cecidit; jus imperiumque Phraates
Caesaris accepit genibus minor ; aurea fruges
Italiae pleno defundit Copia cornu.

XIII.

Ut proficiscentem docui te saepe diuque,

Augusto reddes signata volumina, Vini,

Si validus, si laetas erit, si denique poscet;

Ne studio nostri pecces, odiumque libellis

Sedulus importes opera vehemente minister. 5

Si te forte meae gravis uret sarcina cbartae,

Abjicito potius quam, quo perferre juberis,

Clitellas ferus impingas, Asinaeque paternum

Cognomen vertas in risum et fabula fias.

Viribus uteris per clivos, flumina, lamas; 10

Victor propositi simul ac perveneris illuc,

Sic positum servabis onus, ne forte sub ala

Fasciculum portes librorum, ut rusticus agnum,

Ut vinosa glomus furtivae Pyrrhia lanae,

Ut cum pileolo soleas conviva tribulis. 16

Ne vol go narres te sudavisse ferendo

Carmina, quae possint oculos auresque morari

Caesaris ; oratus multa prece, nitere porro.

Yade, vale, cave ne titubes mandataque frangas.

XIY.

Yilice sil varum et mi hi me reddentis agelli,
Quern tu fastidis, habitatum quinque focis et
Quinque bonos solitum Yariam dimittere patres,
Certemus, spinas animone ego fortius an tu
Evellas agro, et melior sit Horatius an res. 5

Me quam vis Lamiae pietas et cura moratur,
Fratrem maerentis, rapto de fratre dolentis
Insolabiliter, tamen istuc mens animusque
Fert et amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra.

27 Prahates 29 defudit 2 Vinni Q. Vinius tituli lapidum
14 glomos 16 nee 1 villice 6 moretur

LIB. I. 13, 14 9M

Rure ego viventem, tu dicis in urbe beatum: 10

Cui placet alterius, sua nirairum est odio sors.

Stultus uterque locum immeritum causatur inique :

In culpa est animus, qui se non effugit umquam.

Tu mediastinus tacita prece rura petebas,

Nunc urbem et ludos et balnea vilicus optas ; 15

Me constare mihi scis, et discedere tristem,

Quandocumque trahunt invisa negotia Romam.

Non eadem miramur ; eo disconvenit inter

Meque et te : nam, quae deserta et inhospita tesqua

Credis, amoena vocat mecum qui sentit, et odit 20

Quae tu pulchra putas. Fornix tibi et uncta popina

Incutiunt urbis desiderium, video, et quod

Angulus iste feret piper et tus ocius uva,

Nee vicina subest vinum praebere taberna

Quae possit tibi, nee meretrix tibicina, cujus 25

Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis : et tamen urges

Jampridem non tacta ligonibus arva, bovemque

Disjunctum curas et strictis frondibus exples ;

Addit opus pigro rivus, si decidit imber,

Multa mole docendus aprico parcere prato. 30

Nunc age, quid nostrum concentum dividat, audi.
Quern tenues decuere togae nitidique capilli,
Quem scis immunem Cinarae placuisse rapaci,
Quem bibulum liquidi media de luce Falerni,
Cena brevis juvat et prope rivum somnus in herba; 35
Nee lusisse pudet, sed non incidere ludum.
Non istic obliquo oculo mea commoda quisquam
Limat, non odio obscuro morsuque venenat;
Rident vicini glebas et saxa moventem.
Cum servis urbana diaria rodere mavis ; 40

Horum tu in numerum voto ruis : invidet usum
Lignorum et pecoris tibi calo argutus et horti.
Optat ephippia bos piger, optat arare caballus.
Quam scit uterque, libens, censebo, exerceat artem.

11 res 19 qua 19 tesca 21 vocae 23 thus 40 oibaria
Hor. 14

210 HORATI KPISTVLARVM

xy.

Quae sit hiemps Teliae, quod caelum, Yala, Salerni,
Quorum homiuum regio et qualis via, (nam mihi Baias
Musa supervacuas Antonius, et tamen illis
Me facit invisum, gelida cum perluor unda
Per medium frigus. Sane murteta relinqui, 5

Dictaque cessantem nervis elidere morbum
Sulphura contemni, vicus gemit, invidus aegris,
Qui caput et stomachum supponere fontibus audent
Clusinis Gabiosque petunt et frigida rura.
Mutandus locus est, et deversoria nota 10

Praeteragendus equus. "Quotendis? NonmihiCumas
Est iter aut Baias," laeva stomachosus habena
Dicet eques ; sed equi frenato est auris in ore ;)
Major utrum populum frumenti copia pascat,
Collectosne bibant imbres puteosne perennes 15

Jugis aquae, (nam vina nihil moror illius orae :
Rure meo possum quidvis perferre patique ;
Ad mare cum veni, generosum et lene require,
Quod curas abigat, quod cum spe divite manet
In venas animumque meum, quod verba ministret, 20
Quod me Lucanae juvenera commendet amicae :)
Tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros,
Utra magis pisces et echinos aequora celent,
Pinguis ut inde domum possim Phaeaxque reverti,
Scribere te nobis, tibi nos accredere par est. 25

Maenius, ut, rebus maternis atque paternis
Fortiter absumptis, urbanus coepit haberi,
Scurra vagus, non qui certum praesepe teneret,
Impransus non qui civem dinosceret hoste,
Quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere saevus, 30

Pernicies et tempestas barathrumque macelli,
Quicquid quaesierat, ventri donabat avaro.
Hie, ubi nequitiae fautoribus et timidis nil
Aut paulum abstulerat, patinas coenabat omasi

1 hiems 5 reliqui 7 sulfura 10 diversoria 13 equis
16 dulcis aquae 17 possim 18 venio 29 dignosceret

LIB. I. 15, 16 211

Vilis et agnioae, tribus ursis quod satis esset ; 35

Scilicet ut ventres lamna candente nepotum
Diceret urendos correctus Bestiiis. Idem,
Quicquid erat nactus praedae majoris, ubi omne
Terterat in fumum et einerem, " Non hercule miror,"
Aiebat, " si qui comeduut bona, cum sit obeso 40

Nil melius turdo, nil volva pulchrius ampla."
Nimirum hie ego sura ; nam tuta et parvula laudo,
Cum res deficiunt, satis inter vilia fortis ;
Yerum ubi quid melius contingit et unctius, idem
Vos sapere et solos aio bene vivere, quorum 45

Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis.

XYI.

Ne perconteris, fundus mens, optime Quinli,
Arvo pascat herum an bacis opulentet olivae,
Pomisne, an pratis, an amicta vitibus ulmo,
Scribetur tibi forma loquaciter et situs agri.
Continui montes, ni dissocientur opaca 5

Valle, sed ut veniens dextrum latus aspiciat Sol,
Laevum discedens curru fugiente vaporet.
Temperiem laudes. Quid, si rubicunda benigni
Coma vepres et pruna ferant? si quercus et ilex
Multa fruge pecus, multa dominum juvet umbra? 10
Dicas adductum propius fronde^-e Tarentum.
Fons etiam rivo dare nomen idoneus, ut nee
Frigidior Thracam nee purior ambiat Hebrus,
Infirmo capiti fluit utilis, utilis alvo.
Hae latebrae dulces, etiam, si credis, amoenae, 15

Incolumem tibi me praestant Septembribus horis.

Tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis.
Jactamus jampridem omnis te Roma beatum ;
Sed vereor ne cui de te plus quam tibi credas,

35 agnini 37 corrcptus, corrector /inm6in«« 41 vulva 1 Quincti

2 baccis 3 et pratin 5 si 7 depcendcns 8 benigne, beuignae

y ferent, ferunt e coni. 9 et quercus 10 iuvat

14 aptus et utilis 15 et, iam si

212 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum, 20

Neu, si te populus sanum recteque valentem
Dictitet, occultam febrem sub tempus edendi
Dissimules, donee maiiibus tremor incidat unctis.
Stultorum incurata pudor malus ulcera celat.
Si quis bella tibi terra pugnata marique 25

Dicat et his verbis vacuas permulceat aures:
" Tene magis salvum populus velit an populum tu,
Servet in ambiguo, qui consul it et tibi et urbi,
Juppiter ;" Augusti laudes agnoscere possis;
Cum pateris sapiens emendatusque vocari, 30

Respondesne tuo, die sodes, nomine ? " Nempe
Yir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu."
Qui dedit hoc hodie, eras, si volet, auferet, ut si
Detulerit fasces indigno, detrahet idem.
*' Pone, meiim est : " inquit. Pono tristisque recede. 35
Idem si clamet furem, neget esse pudicum,
Contendat laqueo collum pressisse paternum,
Mordear opprobriis falsis mutemque colores ?
Falsus honor juvat et mendax infamia terret
Quern nisi mendosum et mendacem ? " Vir bonus est
quis ? " 40

" Qui consulta patrum, qui leges juraque servat,
Quo multae magnaeque secantur judice lites.
Quo res sponsore et quo causae teste tenentur."
Sed videt hunc omnis domus et vicinia tota
Introrsum turpem, speciosum pelle decora. 45

" Nee furtum feci nee fugi," si mihi dicat
Servus, '' Habes pretium, loris non ureris," aio.
" Non hominem occidi : " " Non pasces in cruce corvos."
" Sum bonus et frugi : " renuit negitatque Sabellus :
" Cautus enim metuit foveam lupus, accipiterque 50
Suspectos laqueos, et opertum miluus hamum.
Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore ;
Tu nihil admittes in te formidine poenae :
Sit spes fallendi, miscebis sacra profanis.

29 possis ? 30 cupias 34 detrahit 40 et medicandum

43 responsore 45 introrsus 46 dicit

49 negat atque 51 milvius

LIB. I. 16, 17 213

Nam de mille fabae modiis cum surripis unum, 55

Damnum est, non facinus, mihi pacto lenius isto."

Vir bonus, omne forum quem spectat et omne tribunal,

Quandocumque deos vel porco vel bove placat,

"Jane pater!" clare, clare cum dixit "Apollo!"

Labra movet metueus audiri : " Pulchra Laverna, 60

Da mihi fallere, da justo sanctoque videri,

Noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem I "

Qui melior servo, qui liberior sit a varus,

In triviis fixum cum se demittit ob assem,

Non video ; nam qui cupiet, metuet quoque ; porro, 65

Qui metuens vivet, liber mihi non erit umquara.

Perdidit arma, locum virtutis deseruit, qui

Semper in augenda festinat et obruitur re.

Vendere cum possis captivum, occidere noli :

Serviet utiliter : sine pascat durus aretque, 70

Naviget ac mediis hiemet mercator in undis,

Annonae prosit, portet frumenta penusque.

Yir bonus et sapiens audebit dicere : " Pentheu,
Rector Thebarum, quid me perferre patique
Indignumcoges?" " Adimam bona." "Nempepecus,
rem, 75

Lectos, argentum : tollas licet." " In manicis et
Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo."
"Ipse deus, simul atque volam, me solvet." Opinor
Hoc sentit : " Moriar." Mors ultima linea rerum est

XYII.

Quamvis, Scaeva, satis per te tibi consulis, et scis
Quo tandem pacto deceat majoribus uti,
Diflce, docendus adhuc quae censet amiculus, ut si
Caecus iter monstrare velit ; tamen aspice si quid
Et no8, quod cures proprium fecisse, loquamur. «

Si te grata quies et primam somnus in horam

61 iuBtum «anctumque 63 quo. .quo 64 dimittit fiO vivit

214 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Delectat, si te pulvis strepitusque rotarum,
Si laedit caupona, Ferentinum ire jubebo ;
Nam neque divitibus contingunt gaudia solis,
Nee vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit 10

Si prodesse tuis pauloque benignius ipsum
Te tractare voles, accedes siccus ad unctum.
Diog. " Si pranderet olus patienter, regibus uti
Nollet Aristippus." Arist, " Si sciret regibus uti,
Fastidiret olus, qui me notat." Utrius horum 15
Yerba probes et facta, doce, vel junior audi
Cur sit Aristippi potior sententia. Naraque
Mordacem Cynicum sic eludebat, ut aiunt:
" Scurror ego ipse mihi, populo tu ; rectius hoc et
Splendidius multo est. Equus ut me portet, alat rex, 20
OflBcium facio : tu poscis vilia rerum,
Dante minor, quamvis fers te nullius egentem."
Omnis Aristippum decuit color et status et res,
Temptantem majora, fere praesentibus aequum.
Contra, quern duplici panno patientia velat, 25

Mirabor, vitae via si conversa decebit.
Alter purpureum non exspectabit amictum,
Quidlibet indutus celeberrima per loca vadet,
Personamque feret non inconcinnus utramque ;
Alter Mileti textam cane pejus et angui 30

Yitabit cblamydem, morietur frigore, si non
Rettuleris pannum. Refer et sine vivat ineptus I
Res gerere et captos ostendere civibus hostes
Attingit solium Jovis et caelestia temptat :
Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est. 35

Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum.
Sedit, qui timuit ne non succederet. Esto !
Quid qui pervenit, fecitne viriliter ? Atqui
Hie est aut nusquam, quod quaerimus. Hie onus horret,
Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus : 40

Hie subit et perfert. Aut virtus nomen inane est,
Aut decus et pretium recte petit experiens vir.
Coram rege sua de paupertate tacentes

8 laedet, laedat 21 vilia, verum 30 angue 31 vitavit
34 tentat 43 suo

LIB. I. 17, la 215

Plus poscente fe rent ; distat sumasne pudenter

An rapias. Atqui rerum caput hoc erat, hie fons. 45

" ludotata mihi soror est, paupercula mater,

Et fundus nee vendibilis nee pascere firmus,"

Qui dicit, clamat " Victum date." Suecinit alter

" Et mihi dividuo findetur munere quadra."

Sed tacitus pasci si posset corvus, haberet 50

Plus dapis, et rixae nxulto minus invidiaeque.

Brundisium conies aut Surrentum ductus amoenum,

Qui queritur salebras et acerbum frigus et imbres,

Aut cistam eflfractam et subducta viatica plorat,

>Jota refert meretricis acumina, saepe catellam, 55

Saepe periscelidem raptara sibi flentis, uti mox

Nulla fides damnis verisque doloribus adsit.

Nee semel irrisus triviis attollere curat

Fracto crure planum, licet illi plurima manet

Lacrima, per sanctum juratus dicat Osirim : 60

" Credite, non ludo ; crudeles, tollite clauduml"

" Quaere peregrmum," vicinia rauca reclamat.

XYIII.

Si bene te novi, metues, liberrime Lolli,

Scurrantis speciem praebere, professua amicum.

Ut matrona meretrici dispar erit atque

Discolor, infido scurrae distabit amicus.

Est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus, 5

Asperitas agrestis et inconcinna gravisque,

Quae se commendat tonsa cute, dentibus atris,

Dum volt libertas dici mera veraque virtus.

Virtus est medium vitiorum et utrimque rednctum.

Alter, in obsequiura plus aequo pronus et imi 10

Derisor lecti, sic nutum divitis horret,

Sic iterat voces et verba cadentia tollit,

Ut puerum saevo credas dictata magistro

Reddere, vel partes mimum tractare secundas ;

Alter rixatur de lana saepe caprina, 15

15 rixatua

216 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Propugnat nugis armatus : " Scilicet ut non
Sit mi ill prima fides, et vere quod placet ut non
Acriter elatrem ! Pretium aetas altera sordet."
Ambigitur quid enim ? Castor sciat an Dolichos plus ;
Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat an Appi. 20

Quem damnosa Venus, quera praeceps alea nudat,
Gloria quem supra vires et vestit et unguit,
Quem tenet argenti sitis importuna famesque,
Quem paupertatis pudor et fuga, dives amicus
Saepe decern vitiis instructior odit et horret, 25

Aut, si non odit, regit, ac veluti pia mater
Plus quam se sapere et virtutibus esse priorem
Volt, et ait prope vera : ** Meae (contendere noli I)
Stultitiam patiuntur opes ; tibi parvula res est :
Arta decet sanum comitem toga ; desine mecum 30
Certare.'^ Eutrapelus cuicumque nocere volebat
Vestimenta dabat pretiosa : beatus enim jam
Cum pulchris tunicis sumet nova consilia et spes,
Dormiet in lucem, scorto postponet honestum
OflBcium, nummos alienos pascet, ad imum 35

Threx erit aut olitoris aget mercede caballum.
Arcanum neque tu scrutaberis illius umquam,
Commissumque teges et vino tortus et ira.
Nee tua laudabis studia aut aliena reprendes,
Nee, cum venari volet ille, poemata panges. 40

Gratia sic fratrum geminorum, Amphionis atque
Zethi, dissiluit, donee suspecta severo
Conticuit lyra. Fraternis cessisse putatur
Moribus Ampbion: tu cede potentis amici
Lenibus imperils, quotiensque educet in agros 45

Aetolis onerata plagis jumenta canesque,
Surge et inbumanae senium depone Camenae,
Cenes ut pariter pulmenta laboribus empta ;
Romanis sollemne viris opus, utile famae
Vitaeque et membris, praesertira cum valeas et 50

Vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum
Possis, Adde, virilia quod speciosius arma

22 ungit 28 agit 35 numos 36 Thrax 37 ullius 40 pangas
45 quotiesque

LIB. I. 18 217

Non est qui tractet : scis, quo clamore coronae

Proelia sustineas carapestria ; denique saevam

Militiam puer et Cantabrica bella tulisti 55

Sub duce qui templis Parthorum signa refigit

Nunc, et, si quid abest, Italls adjudicat armis.

Ac, (ne te retrahas et inexcusabilis absis,)

Quamvis nil extra numerum fecisse modumque

Curas, interdura nugaris rure paterno ; 60

Partitur lintres exercitus ; Actia pugna

Te duce per pueros hostili more refertur ;

Adversarius est frater, lacus Hadria, donee

Alterutrum velox Victoria fronde coronet.

Consentire suis studiis qui crediderit te, 65

Fautor utroque tuum laudabit pollice ludum.

Protinus ut moneam, (si quid monitoris eges tu,)

Quid de quoque viro et cui dicas, saepe videto.

Percontatorem fugito, nam garrulus idem est,

Nee retinent patulae commissa fideliter aures, fO

Et semel emi^sum volat irrevocabile verbum.

Qualem commendes etiam atque etiam aspice, ne mox

Incutiant aliena tibi peccata pudorem.

Fallimur et quondam non dignum tradimus : ergo

Quem sua culpa premet, deceptus omitte tueri, 75

Ut penitus notum, si temptent crimina, serves

Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio ; qui

Dente Theonino cum circumroditur, ecquid

Ad te post paulo ventura pericula sentis ?

Nam tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet, 80

Et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires.

Dulcis inexpertis cultura potentis amici :

Expertus metuit. Tu, dum tua navis in alto est,

Hoc age, ne niutata retrorsum te ferat aura.

Oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi, 86

Sedatum celeres, agilem navumque remissi ;

Potores [bibuli media de nocte Falerni

Oderunt] porrecta negantem pocula, quamvis

Nocturnos jures te formidare tepores.

58 abBtes Bfntlein$ 83 metuet 86 gnavumque 89 rapore»

218 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Deme supercilio nubem ; plerumque modestus 90

Occupat pbscuri speciem, taciturnus acerbi.

Inter cuncta leges et percontabere doctos,
Qua ratione queas traducere leniter aevum ;
Niim te semper inops agitet vexetque cupido,
Num pavor et rerum mediocriter utilium spes ; 95

Virtutem doctrina paret, naturane donet ;
Quid minuat curas, quid te tibi reddat amicum ;
Quid pure tranquillet, honos an dulee lucellum,
An seeretum iter et fallentis semita vitae.
Me quotiens reficit gelidus Digentia rivus, 100

Quern Mandela bibit, rugosus frigore pagus,
Quid sentire putas ? quid credis, amice, precari ?
Sit mihi quod nunc est, etiam minus ; et mihi vivam
Quod superest aevi, si quid superesse volunt di ;
Sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum
Copia, neu fluitem dubiae spe pendulus horae I
Sed satis est orare Jovem quae ponit et aufert :
Det vitam, det opes ; aequum mi animum ipse parabo.

XIX

Prisco si credis, Maecenas docte, Cratino,

Nulla placere diu nee vivere carmina possunt

Quae scribuntur aquae potoribus. Ut male sanos

Ascripsit Liber Satyris Faunisque poetas,

Vina fere dulces oluerunt mane Camenae. 6

Laudibus arguitur vini vinosus Homerus ;

Ennius ipse pater numquam nisi potus ad arma

Prosiluit dicenda. " Forum putealque Libonis

Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis : "

Hoc simul edixi, non cessavere poetae 10

Nocturne certare mero, putere diurno.

Quid, si quis voltu torvo ferus et pede nudo

Exiguaeque togae simulet textore Catonem,

Virtutemne repraesentet moresque Catonis ?

94, 95 ne — ne, non — non 107 haec satis 107 lovem qui
107 donat et 10 edixit

LIB. I. 19 219

Rupit larbitam Timagenis aemula lingua, 15

Dum studet urbanus tenditque disertus haberi.
Decipit exemplar vitiis imitabile ; quod si
Pallerem casu, biberent exsangue cuminum.
0 imltatores, servum pecus, ut mihi saepe
Bilem, saepe jocum vestri movere tumultus ! 20

Libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps,
Non aliena meo pressi pede. Qui sibi fidit,
Dux regit examen. Parios ego primus iambos
Ostendi Latio, numeros animosque secutus
Archilochi, non res et agentia verba Lycamben. ^
Ac ne me foliis ideo brevioribus ornes,
Quod timui mutare modos et carminis artem,
Temperat Archilochi Musam pede mascula Sappho,
Temperat Alcaeus, sed rebus et ordine dispar,
Nee socerum quaerit quem versibus oblinat atris, 30
Nee sponsae laqueam famoso carmine nectit.
Ilunc ego^ non alio dictum prius ore, Latinus
Valgavi fidicen ; juvat immemorata ferentem
Ingenuis oculisque legi manibusque teneri.

Scire velis, mea cur ingratus opuscula lector 35
Laudet ametque domi, premat extra limen iniquus?
Non ego ventosae plebis suffragia venor
Impensis cenarum et tritae munere vestis ;
Non ego, nobilium scriptorum auditor et ultor,
Grammaticas ambire tribus et pulpita dignor: 40

Hinc illae lacrimae. " Spissis indigna theatris
Scripta pudet recitare et nugis addere pondus,"
Si dixi : " Rides," ait, "et Jovis auribus ista
Servas ; fidis enim manare poetica mella
Te solum, tibi pulcher." Ad haec ego naribus uti 45
Formido, et, luctantis acuto ne secer ungui,
" Displicet iste locus," clamo, et diludia posco.
Ludus enim genuit trepidum certamen et iram,
Ira truces inimicitias et funebre bellum.

15 coena 22 fidet 23 reget 32 Latinis 39 adiutor 46 ungue

220 HORATI EPISTVLARVM LIB. I. 20

XX.

Yertumnum Janumque, liber, spectare videris,

Scilicet ut prostes Sosiorain pumice mundus.

Odisti claves et grata sigilla pudico ;

Paucis osteadi gemis et communia laudas,

Non ita nutritus, Fuge, quo descendere gestis. 5

Non erit emisso reditus tibi. " Quid miser egi?

Quid volui ? " dices, ubi quis te laeserit ; et scis

In breve te cogi, cum plenus languet amator.

Quod si non odio peccantis desipit augur,

Carus eris Romae, donee te deserat aetas ; 10

Contrectatus ubi manibus sordescere volgi

Coeperis, aut tineas pasces taciturnus inertes,

Aut fugies Uticam, aut vinctus mitteris Ilerdam.

Ridebit monitor non exauditus, ut ille.

Qui male parentem in rupes protrusit asellum 15

Iratus : quis enim invitum servare laboret ?

Hoc quoque te manet, ut pueros elementa docentem

Occupet extremis in vicis balba senectus.

Cum tibi sol tepidus plures admoverit aures,
Me, libertino natum patre et in tenui re, 20

Majores pennas nido extendisse loqueris,
Ut, quantum generi demas, virtutibus addas ;
Me primis urbis belli placuisse domique ;
Corporis exigui, praecanum, solibus aptum,
Irasci celerem, tamen ut placabilis essem. 25

Forte meum si quis te percontabitur aevum.
Me quater undenos sciat implevisse Decembres,
Collegam Lepidum quo duxit Lollius anno.

7 quid a, qui 10 deseret 13 unctuf» 26 percunctabitur

Q. HORATI FLACCI

EPISTVLAEVM

LIBER SECVNDVS

Cum tot sustineas et tanta negotia solas,

Res Italas armis tuteris, moribus ornes,

Legibus emendes, in publica commoda peccem,

Si longo sermone merer tua tempera, Caesar.

Romulus et Liber pater et cum Castere Pollux, 5

Post ingentia facta deorum in templa recepti,

Dum terras hominumque colunt genus, aspera bella

Componunt, agros assignant, oppida condunt,

Ploravere suis nen respendere faverem

Speratum meritis. Diram qui contudit hydram 10

Notaque fatal i portenta labore subegit,

Comperit invidiam supremo fine domari.

Urit enim fulgore suo, qui praegravat artes

Infra se positas ; exstinctus amabitur idem.

Praesenti tibi maturos largimur honores, 15

Jurandasque tuum per nomen ponimus aras,

Nil oriturum alias, nil ortum tale fatentes.

Sed tuus hie populus, sapiens et Justus in uno,

Te nostris ducibus, te (Irais anteferendo,

Cetera nequaquam simili ratione modoque 20

Aestimat, et, nisi quae terris semota suisque

Temporibus defuncta videt, fastidit et odit.

Sic fautor veterum, ut tabulas peccare vetantes,

7 cum 16 nuinen 17 nihil ortum 19 Qraiia

221

222 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt, foedera regum

Vel Gabiis vel cum rigidis aequata Sabinis, 25

Pontificum libros, annosa volumina vatum,

Dictitet Albano Musas in moule locutas. -

Si, quia Graecorum sunt autiquissima quaeque

Scripta vel optima, Roraani pensantur eadem

Scriptores trutina, non est quod multa loquamur: 30

'Nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce duri ;

Venimus ad summum fortunae ; pingimus atque

Psallimus et luctamur Achivis doetius unetis.

Si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,

Scire velim chartis pretium quotus arroget annus. 35

Scriptor abhinc annos centum qui decidit, inter

Perfectos veteresque referri debet, an inter

Tiles atque novos ? Excludat jurgia finis I

" Est vetus atque probus, centum qui perficit annos."

Quid, qui deperiit minor uno mense vel anno, 40

Inter quos referendus erit? veteresne poetas,

An quos et praesens et postera respuat aetas ?

" Iste quidem veteres inter ponetar honeste,

Qui vel mense brevi vel toto est junior anno."

IJtor permisso, caudaeque pilos ut equinae 45

Paulatim vello et demo unum, demo etiam unum,

Dum cadat, elusus ratione mentis acervi.

Qui redit in fastos et virtutem aestimat annis,

Miraturque nihil nisi quod Libitina sacravit.

Ennius, et sapiens et fortis et alter Homerus, 50

Ut critici dicunt, leviter curare videtur

Quo promissa cadant et somnia Pythagorea.

Naevius in manibus non est et mentibus haeret

Paene recens? Adeo sanctum est vetus omne poema.

Ambigitur quotiens uter utro sit prior, aufert 55

Pacuvius docti famam senis, Accius alti,

Dicitur Afrani toga convenisse Menandro,

Plautus ad exemplar Siculi properare Epicharmi,

Vincere Caecilius gravitate, Terentius arte.

Hos ediscit et hos arto stipata theatro 60

28 Graiorum 29 pensentur 37 veteresne 42 respuit, respuet
46 et item 47 cadet 56 Attius

I

LIB. II. 1 223

Spectat Roma potens ; habet hos numeratque poetas
Ad nostrum tempus Livi scriptoris ab aevo.
Interdum volgus rectum videt, est ubi peccat.
Si veteres ita miratur laudatque poetas
TJt nihil anteferat, nihil illis comparet, errat ; 65

Si quaedam nimis antique, si pleraque dure
Dice re credit eos, ignave raulta fatetur,
Et sapit et mecum facit et Jove judicat aequo.
Non equidem insector delendave carmina Livi
Esse reor, memini quae plagosum mihi parvo 70

OrbUium dictare ; sed emendata videri
Pulchraque et exactis minimum distantia miror ;
Inter quae verbum emicuit si forte decorum, et
Si versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,
Injuste totum ducit venditque poema. 15

Indignor quicquam reprehendi, non quia crasse
Compositum illepideve putetur, sed quia nuper ;
Nee veniam antiquis, sed honorem et praemia posci.
Recte necne crocum floresque perambulet Attae
Fabula si dubitem, clament periisse pudorem 80

Cuncti paene patres, ea cum reprehendere coner
Quae gravis Aesopus, quae doctus Roscius egit :
Vel quia nil rectum, nisi quod placuit sibi, ducunt,
Vel quia turpe putant parere minoribus, et quae
Imberbes didicere, senes perdenda fateri. 85

Jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat, et illud,
Quod mecum ignorat, solus volt scire videri,
Ingeniis non ille favet plauditque sepultis,
Nostra sed impugnat, nos nostraque lividus odit.
Quod si tarn Graecis novitas invisa fuisset 90

Quam nobis, quid nunc esset vetus ? aut quid haberet
Quod legeret tereretque viritim publicus usus ?

TJt primum positis nugari Graecia bellis
Coepit et in vitium fortuna labier aequa,
Nunc athletarum studiis, nunc arsit equorum, 95

Marmoris aut oboris fabros aut aeris amavit,

61 muneratquc 67 cedit 69 dclendaquo 73 et omit,
77 inlep!de [ue 92 Qulrtum c com.

224 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Suspendit picta voltum mentemque tabella,
Nunc tibicinibus, nunc est gavisa tragoedis;

Sub nutrice puella velut si luderet infans,

Quod cupide petiit, mature plena reliquit. 100

Quid placet aut odio est, quod iion mutabile^, credas ?

Hoc paces habuere bouae ventique secundi:

Roniae dulce diu fuit et sollemne reclusa

Mane domo vigilare, clienti promere jura,

Cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos, 105

Majores audire, minori dicere, per quae

Crescere res posset, minui damnosa libido.

Mutavit mentem populus levis, et calet uno

Scribendi studio ; pueri patresque severi,

Fronde comas vincti, cenant et carmina dictant. 110

Ipse ego, qui nullos me affirmo scribere versus,

Invenior Parthis mendacior, et prius orto

Sole vigil calamum et chartas et scrinia posco.

Navem agere ignarus navis timet ; abrotonum aegro

Nonaudet, nisi qui didicit, dare ; quod medicorumest 115

Promittunt medici ; tractant fabrilia fabri :

Scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim.

Hie error tamen et levis haec insania quantas
Virtutes habeat, sic coUige : vatis avarus
Non temere est animus ; versus amat, hoc studet unum ;
Detrimenta, fugas servorum, incendia ridet ; 121

Non fraudem socio puerove incogitat ullam
Pupillo ; vivit siliquis et pane secundo ;
Militiae quamquam piger et mains, utilis urbi,
Si das hoc, parvis quoque rebus magna juvari. 125

Os tenerum pueri balbumque poeta figurat,
Torquet ab obscenis jam nunc sermonibus aurem,
Mox etiam pectus praeceptis format amicis,
Asperitatis et invidiae corrector et irae ;
Recte facta refert, orientia tempora notis 130

Instruit exemplis, inopeni solatur et aegrum.
Castis cum pueris ignara puella niariti
Disceret unde preces, vatem ni Musa dedisset ?

114 uavim 114 habrotonum 124 urbi est

LIB. II. 1 225

Poscit opem chorus et praesentia numina sentit,
Caelestes implorat aquas docta prece blandus, 135

Avertit morbos, metuenda pericula pel lit,
Impetrat et pacem et locupletem fuugibus annum.
Carmine di superi placantur, carmine Manes.

Agricolae prisci, fortesrpai-voqlt^ifcwiti,
Condita po«t frumenta levantea tempore festo 140

Corpus et ipsum animum spe finis dura ferentem,
Cum sociis operum, pueris et conjuge fida,
Tellurem porco, Silvanum lacte piabant,
Floribus et vino Genium memorem brevis aevi.
Fescennina per hunc inventa licentia morem 145

Versibus alternis opprobria rustica fudit,
Libertasque recurrentes accepta per apnos
Lusit amabiliter, donee jam saevus apertam
In rabiem coepit verti jocus et per honestas
Ire domos impuue minax. Doluere cruento 150

Dente lacessiti ; fuit intactis quoque cura
Condicione super communi ; quin etiam lex
Poenaque lata, malo quae nollet carmine quemquam
Describi ; vertere modum, formidine fustis
Ad bene dicendum delectandumque redacti. 155

Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit, et artes .

Intulit agresti Latio ; sic horridus ille ^

Defluxit numerus Saturnius, et grave virus
Munditiae pcpulere ; sed \n longum tamen aevum ^ ^
Manserunt hodieque manc^t vesttgi^ ruris. -^0

Serus enim Graecis admovit acumin^ chartis,
Et post Punica bella quietus quaererc coepit
Quid Sophocles et Thespis et Aeschylus utile ferrent.
Temptavit quoque rem, si digne vertere posset,
Et piacuit sibi, natura sublimis et acer; 165

Nam spirat tragicum satis et foliciter uudet,
Sed turpem putat inscitc nietuitque lituram.
Creditur, ex medio quia res arcessit, habere

142 et pueris 143 porca 107 in scriptis
Hor 15

226 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Sudoris minimum, sed habet comoedia tanto

Plus oneris quanto veiiiae minus. Aspice, Plautus 170

Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi,

Ut patris attenti, lenonis ut insidiosi ;

Quantus sit Dossennus edacibus in parasitis,

Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco ;

Gestit euim nummum in loculos demittere, post hoc 175

Securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

Quera tulit ad scaenam ventoso Gloria curru,

Exanimat lentus spectator, sedulus inflat :

Sic leve, sic parvum est, animum quod laudis avarum

Submit aut reficit. Yaleat res ludicra, si me 180

Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum.

Saepe etiam audacem fugat hoc terretque poetam,

Quod numero plures, virtute et honore minores,

Indocti stolidique, et depugnare parati

Si discordet eques, media inter carmina poscunt 185

Aut ursum aut pugiles : his nam plebecula gaudet.

Yerum equitis quoque jam migravit ab aure voluptas

Omnis ad incertos oculos et gaudia vana.

Quattuor aut plures aulaea premuntur in horas,

Dum fugiunt equitum turmae peditumque catervae; 190

Mox trahitur manibus regum fortuna retortis,

Esseda festinant, pilenta, petorrita, naves,

Captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus.

Si foret in terris, rideret Democritus, seu

Diversum confusa genus panthera camelo, 195

Sive elephas albus volgi converteret ora;

Spectaret populum ludis attentius ipsis,

Ut sibi praebentem mimo spectacula plura ;

Scriptores autem narrare putaret asello

Fabellam surdo. Nam quae pervincere voces 200

Evaluere sonum, referunt quern nostra theatra?

Garganum mugire putes nemus aut mare Tuscum,

Tanto cum strepitu ludi spectantur et artes

Divitiaeque peregrinae, quibus oblitus actor

Cum stetit in scaena, concurrit dextera laevae. 205

Dixit adhuc aliquid ? " Nil sane." Quid placet ergo ?

175 dimittere 178 instat 186 plaudet, plaudit lyC elephans
198 nimio

LIB. II. 1 227

*' Lana Tarentino violas imitata veneno."

Ac ne forte putes me, quae facere ipse recusem,

Cum recte tractent alii, laudare maligne :

Ille per extentum funem mihi posse videtur 210

Ire poeta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit,

Irritat, mulcet, falsis terroribus implet,

Ut magus, et modo me Tbebis, modo ponit Athenis.

Yerum age, et his, qui se lectori credere malunt
Quam spectatoris fastidia ferre superbi, 215

Curam redde brevem, si munus ApoUine dignum
Vis complere libris et vatibus addere calcar,
Ut studio majore petant Helicona virentem.
Multa quidem nobis facimus mala saepe poetae,
(Ut vineta egomct caedam mea,) cum tibi librum 220
Sollicito damus aut fesso ; cum laedimur, unum
Si quis amicorum est ausus reprehendere versum ;
Cum loca jam recitata revolvimus irrevocati ;
Cum lamentamur non apparere labores
Nostros et tenui deducta poemata filo ; 225

Cum speramus eo rem venturam, ut, simul atque
Carmina rescieris uos fingere, commodus ultro
Arcessas, et egere vetes, et scribere cogas.
Sed tamen est operae pretium cognoscere, quales
Aedituos habeat belli spectata domique 230

Virtus, iudigno non committenda poetae.
Gratus Alexandro regi Magno fuit ille
Choerilus, incultis qui versibus et male natis
Rettulit acceptos, regale nomisma, Philippos.
Sed veluti tractata notam labemque remittunt 235

Atrameiita, fere scriptores carmine foedo
Splendida facta linunt. Idem rex ille, poema
Qui tam ridiculum tam care prodigus emit,
Edicto vetuit ne quis se praeter Apellen
Pingeret, aut alius Lysippo duceret aera 240

Fortis Alexandri voltum simulantia. Quod si
Judicium subtile videndis artibus illud
Ad libros et ad haec Musarum dona vocares,

21G curam impendo 228 accersas 234 numisma 239 Apcllem

228 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Boeotum in crasso jurares aere natura.

At neque dedecoraiit tua de se judicia atque 245

Munera, quae multa dantis cum laude tulerunt

Dilecti tibi Yergilius Yariusque poetae ;

Nee rnagis expressi voltus per at'nea signa,

Quam per vatis opus mores animique virorum

Clarorum apparent. Nee sermones ego mallem 250

Repentes per humum quam res coniponere gestas,

Terrarumque situs et flumina dicere, et arces

Montibus impositas, et barbara regna, tuisque

Auspiciis totum confecta duella per orbem,

Claustraque custodem pacis cohibentia Janum, 255

Et formidatam Parthis te principe Romam,

Si quantum cuperem possem quoque ; sed neque parvum

Carmen raajestas recipit tua, nee meus audet

Rem temptare pudor, quam vires ferre recusent.

Sedulitas autem stulte, quem diligit, urget, 2G0

Praecipue cum se numeris commendat et arte :

Discit enim citius meminitque libentius illud

Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur.

Nil moror officium quod me gravat, ac neque ficto

In pejus voltu proponi cereus usquam, 265

Nee prave factis dccorari versibus opto,

Ne rubeam pingui donatus munere, et una

Cum scriptore meo, capsa porrectus aperta,

Deferar in vicum vendentem tus et odores

Et piper et quicquid chartis amicitur ineptis. 2t0

11.

Flore, bono claroque fidelis amice Neroni,

Si quis forte velit puerum tibi vendere natum

Tibure vel Gabiis, et tecum sic agat : " Hie, et

Candidus et tales a vertice pulcher ad imos,

Fiet eritque tuus nummorum milibus octo, 5

Verna ministeriis ad nutus aptus heriles,

}.iitterulis Graecis imbutus, idoneus arti

Cuilibet : argilla quidvis imitaberis uda :

259 recusant 268 operta 269 thus 270 inemptis

3 hie est 8 imitabitur

LIB. II. 2 229

Quin etiam canet, indoctum, sed dulce bibenti:

Multa fidem promissa levant, ubi plenius aequo 10

Laudat venales, qui volt extrudere, merces.

Res urget me nulla ; meo sum pauper in aere.

Nemo hoc mangonum faceret tibi ; non temere a me

Quivis ferret idem. Semel hie cessavit, et, ut fit,

In scalis latuit metuens pendentis habenae:" — 15

Des nummos, excepta nihil te si fuga laedat,

Ille ferat pretium poenae securus, opinor ;

Prudens emisti vitiosum ; dicta tibi est lex :

Insequeris tamen hunc et lite moraris iniqua?

Dixi me pigrum proficiscenti tibi, dixi 20

Talibus officiis prope mancum, ne mea saevus

Jurgares ad te quod epistula nulla rediret.

Quid turn profeci, mecum facientia jura

Si tamen attemptas ? Quereris super hoc etiam, quod

Exspectata tibi non mittam carmina mendax. 25

Luculli miles collecta viatica multis

Acrumnis, lassus dum noctu stertit, ad assem

Perdiderat: post hoc vehemens lupus et sibi et hosti

Iratus pariter, jejunis dentibus acer,

Praesidium regale loco dejecit, ut aiunt, 30

Summe munito et multarum divite rerum.

Clarus ob id factum donis ornatur honestis,

Accipit et bis dena super sestcrtia nummum.

Forte sub hoc tempus castellum evertere praetor

Nescio quod cupiens hortari coepit eundem 35

Verbis, quae timido quoque possent addere mcntem :

'' I, bone, quo virtus tua te vocat, i pede fausto,

Grandia laturus meritoruin praemia 1 — quid stas?"

Post haec ille catus, quantumvis rusticus, " Ibit,

Ibit eo, quo vis, qui zonam perdidit," inquit. 40

Romae nutriri mihi contigit, atque doceri

Iratus Grais quantum nocuisset Achilles.

Adjecere bonae paulo plus artis Athenae,

Scilicet ut possem curvo dinoscere recjtum,

Atque inter silvas Academi quaerere verum. i5

11 cxcludere 16 Iftcdit 22 epistola 22 veniret 2.3 tunc
24 attentas 32 opiniis 42 fJr.iiis 44 vcllcm 44 digno«core

230 " HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Dura sed emovere loco me tempora grato,

Civilisque rudem belli tulit aestus in arma

Caesaris Augusti non responsura laeertis.

Unde simul primum me dimisere Philippi,

Decisis humilem pennis inopemque paterni 50

Et laris et fundi, paupertas impulit audax,

Ut versus facerem: sed quod non desit habentem

Quae poterunt umquam satis expurgare cicutae,

Ki melius dormire putem quam scribere versus ?

Singula de nobis anni praedantur euntes ; 55

Eripuere jocos, venerem, convivia, ludum ;
Tendunt extorquere poemata : quid faciam vis ?
Denique non omnes eadem mirantur amantque :
Carmine tu gaudes, hie delectatur iambis,
Ille Bioneis sermonibus et sale nig^o. 60

Tres mihi convivae prope dissentire videntur,
Poscentes vario multum diversa palato.
Quid dem ? quid non dem ? renuis tu quod jubet alter ;
Quod petis, id sane est invisum acidumque duobus.

Praeter caetera, me Romaene poemata censes 65
Scribere posse, inter tot curas totque labores ?
Hie sponsum vocat, hie auditum scripta relictis
Omnibus officiis ; cubat hie in colle Quirini,
Hie extremo in Aventino, visendus uterque :
Intervalla vides humane commoda. " Verum YO

Purae sunt plateae, nihil ut meditantibus obstet."
Festinat calidus mulis gerulisque redemptor,
Torquet nunc lapidem nunc ingens machina tigmim,
Tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris,
Hac rabiosa fugit canis, hac lutulenta ruit sus : Y5
I nunc, et versus tecum meditare canoros !
Scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus et fugit urbem,
Rite cliens Bacchi somno gaudentis et umbra :
Tu me inter strepitus nocturnes atque diurnos
Yis canere et contracta sequi vestigia vatum ? 80

46 amovere 57 faciamus 70 commoda rerum 77 urbes 80 contacta

LIB. II. 2 231

Ingenium, sibi quod vacuas desumpsit Athenas,
Et studiis annos septem dedit^ insenuitque
Libris et curis, statua taciturnius exit
Plenimque et risu populum quatit : hie ego rerum
Fluctibus in mediis et tempestatibus urbis 85

Verba lyrae motura sonum connectere digner ?

Frater erat Romae consulti rhetor, ut alter
Alterius sermone meros audiret honores,
Gracchus ut hie illi, foret huic ut Mucius ille.
Qui minus argutos vexat furor iste poetas? 90

Carmina ccmpono, hie elegos. " Mirabile visu
Caelatumque novem Musis opus ! " Aspice primum,
Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circum-
Spectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem :
Mox etiam, si forte vacas, sequere et procul audi, 95
Quid ferat et quare sibi nectat uterque coronam.
Caedimur et totidem plagis consumimus hostem
Lento Samnites ad lumina prima duello.
Discedo Alcaeus puncto illius; ille meo quis?
Quis nisi Callimachus ? Si plus adposcere visus, 100
Fit Mimnermus et optivo cognomine crescit.
Multu fero, ut placem genus irritabile vatum,
Cum scribo et supplex populi suffragia capto j
Idem, finitis studiis et mente recepta,
Obturem patulas impune legentibus aures. 105

Ridentur mala qui componunt carmina ; verum
Gaudent scribentes et se venerantur, et ultro,
Si taceas, laudant quicquid scripsere beati.
At qui legitimnm cupiet fecisse pol'ma,
Cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honest! ; 110

Audebit, quaecumque parum splendoris habcbunt
Et sine pondere erunt et honore indigna ferentur,
Verba movere loco, quamvis invita rccedant
Et versentur adhuc intra penetralia Vestae ;
Obscurata diu populo bonus eruet atque 115

82 ut 86 coner 89 hie at Mucius illi ' 95 vacat 112 feruntur

232 HORATI EPISTVLARVM

Proferet in liicem speciosa vocabula rerum,

Quae priscis memorata Qatonibus atque Cethegis

Nunc situs informis premit et deserta vetustas ;

Adsciscet nova, quae genitor produxerit usus.

Yemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni 120

Fundet opes Latiumque beabit divite lingua ;

Luxuriantia compescet, nimis aspera sano

Levabit cultu, virtute carentia toilet,

Ludentis speciem dabit et torquebitur, ut qui

Nunc Satyrum, nunc agrestem Cyclopa movetur. 125

Praetulerim scriptor delirus inersque videri,

Dum mea delectent mala me vel denique fallant,

Quam sapere et ringi ? Fuit hand ignobilis Argis,

Qui se credebat miros audire tragoedos,

In vacuo laetus sessor plausorque theatro ; 130

Cetera qui vitae servaret munia recto

More, bonus sane vicinus, amabilis hospes,

Comis in uxorem, posset qui ignoscere servis

Et signo laeso non insanire lagenae,

Posset qui rupem et puteum vitare patentem. 135

Hie ubi cognatorum opibus curisque refectus

Expulit elleboro morbum bilemque meraco,

Et redit ad sese, " Pol, me occidistis, amici,

Non servastis," ait, " cui sic extorta voluptas

Et demptus per vim mentis gratissimus error." 140

Nimirum sapere est abjectis utile nugis,
Et tempestivum pueris concedere ludum,
Ac non verba sequi fidibus modulanda Latinis,
Sed verae numerosque modosque ediscere vitae.
Quocirca mecum loquor haec tacitusque recordor: 145
" Si tibi nulla sitim finiret copia lymphae,
Narrares medicis ; quod quanto plura parasti
Tanto plura cupis, nulline faterier audes ?
Si volnus tibi raonstrata radice vel herba
Non fieret levins, fugeres radice vel herba 150

Proficiente nihil curarier ; audieras, cui

120 vehemens 137 helleboro 139 sit

LIB. II. 2 233

Rem di donarent, illi decedere pravara

Stultitiam ; et, cum sis nihilo sapientior ex quo

Plenior es, tamen uteris monitoribus isdem ?

At si divitiae prudentem reddere possent, 155

Si cupidum timidumque minus te, nempe ruberes

Yiveret in terris te si quis avarior uno.

Si proprium est quod quis libra mereatus et aere est,

Quaedara, si credis consultis, mancipat usus ;

Qui te pascit ager, tuus est, et vilicus Orbi, 160

Cum segetes occat tibi mox frumenta daturas,

Te dominum sentit. Das nummos, accipis uvam,

Pullos, ova, cadum temeti : nempe modo isto

Paulatim mercaris agrum, fortasse trecentis

Aut etiam supra nuramorum milibus emptum, 165

Quid refert vivas numerato nuper an olim ?

Emptor Aricini quondam Yeientis et arvi

Emptum cenat olus, quamvis aliter putat ; emptis

Sub noctem gelidam lignis calefactat aenum ;

Sed vocat usque suum, qua populus adsita certis 170

Limitibus vicina refugit jurgia ; tamquam

Sit proprium quicquam, puncto quod mobilis horae

Nunc prece, nunc pretio, nunc vi, nunc morte suprema

Permutet dominos et cedat in altera jura.

Sic quia perpetuus nulli datur usus, et heres 175

Heredem alterius velut unda supervenit undam,

Quid vici prosunt aut horrea? quidve Calabris

Saltibus adjecti Lucani, si metit Orcus

Grandia cum parvis, non exorabilis auro ?

Gemmas, marmor, ebur, Tyrrhena sigilla, tabellas, 180

Argentum, vostes Gaetulo murice tinctas,

Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere.

Cur alter fratrum cessare et ludere et ungui

Praeferat Ilerodis palmetis pinguibus, alter

Dives et importunus ad unibram lucis ab ortu 185

Silvestrem flammis et ferro mitigct agrum,

154 rationibua

158 quod quis libra mercatur et aere, quicqnid libra mercamar ct aero

IfiO villicus 161 diiturus

163 modo sto (=ttito) Lachm. ad Lucrct. iii. 954

173 sorte editoren qnidam 183 ungi

234 HORATI EPISTVLARVM II. 2

Scit Genius, natale comes qui temperat astrum,

Naturae deus humanae, mortalis in unum

Quodque caput, voltu mutabilis, albus et ater.

IJtar et ex modico, quantum res poscet, acervo 190

Tollam, nee metuam quid de me judicet heres,

Quod non plura datis invenerit ; et tamen idem

Scire volam quantum simplex hilar isque nepoti

Discrepet, et quantum discordet parens avaro.

Distat enim,spargas tua prodigus,an neque sumptum 1 95

Invitus facias neque plura parare labores,

Ac potius, puer ut festis Quinquatribus olim,

Exiguo gratoque fruaris tempore raptim,

Pauperies immunda domus procul absit : ego, utrum

Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem. 200

Non agimur tumidis velis aquilone secundo ;

Non tamen adversis aetatem ducimus austris,

Yiribus, ingenio, specie, virtute, loco, re,

Extremi primorum, extremis usque priores.

Non es avarus : abi. Quid, cetera jam simul isto 205

Cum vitio fugere ? Caret tibi pectus inani

Ambitione ? Caret mortis formidine et ira?

Somnia, terrores magicos, miracula, sagas,

Nocturnos lemures portentaque Thessala rides?

Natales grate numeras ? Ignoscis amicis ? 210

Lenior et melior fis accedente senecta ?

Quid te exempta levat spinis de pluribus una ?

Vivere si recte nescis, decede peritis.

Lusisti satis, edisti satis atque bibisti :

Tempus abire tibi est, ne potum largius aequo 215

Rideat et pulset lasciva decentius aetas."

199 procul procul, domo procul, domu procul, modo procul e com.,

modo ut procul e coni.

206 fuge : rite 212 iuvat 216 licentius

; //A^''^ U HORATI FLACCI

^^'^"^ DE ARTE .POETIGA,

if

7 39- 'i'O-

capi"

Humarto capiti cervicem pictor equinara r\

Jungere si velit, et varias iiiduc^re pldrtias '

XJndique collatis membris, ut turpiter atrum "
Desinat in piscem muli^r fortiiosa superne,
Spectatum admissi risum teneatis, dmici ? 5

Credite, Pisones, isti tabulae fore librura
Persimilem, cujus, velut aegri somnia, vanae
Fingentur species, ut nee pes nee caput uni
Keddatur formae. " Pictoribus atque poetis
Quidlibet audendi semper fuit aequa potestas." 10

Scimus, et ha/ic veniam petimusque damusque vicissim ;
Sed non ut placidis coeant i'mmitia, non ut
Serpentes avibus geminentur, tigribus agni.

Inceptis gravibus plerumque et magna professis,
Purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter •' '"^-^ J5:
Assuitur pannus, cum lucus et ara Dianae
Et properantis aquae per amoenos ambitus agros,
Aut flumen Rhenum, aut pluvius describitur arcus;
^^^^ Sed nunc non erat his locus. Et fortasse cupressum
Scis simulare : quid hoc, si fractis enatat exspes 20
Navibus, acre dato qui pingitur? Amphora coepit
Institui ; currento rota cur urceus exitr*

Denique sit quidvis simplex duntaxat et unum.

8 finguntur 16 adsnitur 23 quod ris 23 dumtaxat

285

236 I HORATI

Maxima pars v^tum, pater et juvenes patre digDi,^^-^ \
Decipinmr specie recti: brevis esse laboro, 25 ^

Obscurus fio ; sectanteni levia nervi
DeKciuiit aniniique ; professus grandia turget ;
Serpit huiiii tutus nimium timidusque prpcellae ;
Qui variare cupit rem prodigialiter unam,
Delphinum silvis appingit, tluctibus apruinj| . 30

In vitium ducit culpae fuga, si caret arte. ^^^-^ #W»Ww

Aemilium circa ludura faber unus et ungues
Exprimet et molles iinitabitur acre capillos,
Infelix operis summa, quia ponere totum
\^ — I -Nesciet. Hunc ego me, si quid com ponere curem, 35
"i 1 Non magis esse velim, quam naso vivere pravo,

x^pectandum nigris oculis nigroque capillo. \

Sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, aequam
Yiribus, et versate diu quid ferre recusent, '.^^

Quid valeant humferi. Cui lecta potenter erit res, 40
Kec facundia deseret hunc nee lucidus ordo.

Ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor,
Ut jam nunc dicat jam nunc debentia dici,
Pleraque differat et praesens in tempus omittat.

i In verbis etiam tenuis cautusque serendis, 45

Hoc amet, hoc spernat promissi carminis auctor,
Dixeris egregie, notum si callida verbum ^^
Reddiderit junctura novum. ] Si forte i^<^se est
Indiciis mpn^trare recentibus abditarferum,
Fingere d^Tnctu'tis non exaudita Cethegis 50

Continget, dabiturque licentia sumpta pudenter;
Et nova fictaque nuper habebunt verba fidem, si
Graeco fonte cadent, pa^ce detort^. Quid autem '
Caecilio Plautoque dabjt Romanijs ademptum

26 lenia 29 rem, prodigialiter npa (una e coni.) 32 imus '' x -

42 haud ego uersus 45, 4G innerno ordine exhibent lihri pliirimi '.

49 rerum et 53 cadant ^

ARS POETICA 237

Vergilio Yarioque ? Ego cur, acquirere pauca 55

Si possum, invideor, cum lingua Catonis et Enni
Sermonem patrium ditaverit et nova rerum / ,
Nomina protulerit ? Licuit semperque licebit
Signatum praesente nota producere nomen.
Ut silvae foliis pronos mutantur in annos, 60

Prima cadunt : ita verborum velua-inlerit aetas,
Et juvenum ritu florent modo nata vigentque.
Debemur morti nos nostraque. Sive receptus
Terra Neptunus classes aquilonibus arcet, --■-(
Regis opus, sterilisve diu palijs aptaque remis G5

Vicinas urbes alit et grave sentit aratrum,
Seu cursum mutavit iniquum frugibus amnis,
Doctus ite'r melius, mortalia facta pcribunt:

C>. Nedum sermonum stet honos et gratia vivax.

^'■"^ Malta renascentur quae jain cefcidere, cadentque TO
Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,
Ouem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi.

Res gestae regumque ducumque et tristia bell a
Quo scribi possent numero, monstravit Homerus.
Yersibus impariter junctis querimonia primum, 75
Post etiam inelusa est votlsejitentia compos:
Quis tamen exiguos elegos emiserit auctor,
Grammatici certant, et adhuc sub judice lis est.
Archilochum jiroprio rallies armavit iambo ;
Ilunc socci cepore pedem grandesque cothurni, 80

Alternis aptum sermonibus, et pojjulares
Yincentem strejjijjus, et natum rebus agcndis.
Musa dedit fidibiis divos puerosque deorum
Et pugilem victorem et equum certamino primum
Et juvenura curas et libera vina rcferre. 85

Descriptas servare vices operumque colorcs,
Cur ego, si nequeo ignoroque, poeta salutor?
Cur nescire pudens prave quam discere malo ?

Yersibus exponi tragicis res comica non volt;

59 procudcre 62 vircntque 63 dobcmus 65 stcrilisquo 72 via

#

238 . HORATI

Indignatur item privatis ac prope socco 90

Dignis carrainibus narrari cena Thyestae.
Singula quaeque locum teneant sortita decenter.
Interdum tamen et vocem comoedia tollit,
Iratusque Ctiremes tumido delitigat ore ;
Et tragicus plerumque dolet sermone pedestri 95

Telephus et Peleus ; bum pauper et exul, uterque
Frojicit ampullas et sesquipedalia verba7
Si curat cor spectantis tetigisse querella.

V r I Non satis est pulchra esse poemata ; dulcia sunto,
Et, quocumque volent, animum auditoris agunto. 100
I Ut rideutibus arrident, ita iientibus adsunt
I Humani voltus:/si vis me flere, dolendum est •
' Primum ipsi tibi : turn tua me infortunia laedent,
; Telephe vel Peleu ; male si mandata loqueris,
' Aut dormitabo aut ridebo. Tristia maestum 105

Yoltum verba decent, iratum plena minarum,
t Ludentem lasciva, severum seria dictu.
Format enim natura prius nos intus ad omnem
Fortunaruni habitum ; juvat, aut impellit ad iram,
Aut ad humum maerore gravi deducit et angit ; 110
Post eifert animi motus interprete lingua.
Si dicentis erunt fortunis absona dicta,
Romani tollent equites peditesque cachinnum.
Intererit multum divusne loquatur an heros,
Maturusne senex an adhuc florente juventa 115

Fervidus, et matrona potens an sedula nutrix,
Mercatorne vagus cultorne virentis agelli,
Colchus an Assyrius, Thebis nutritus an Argis.

Aut famam sequere, aut sibi convenientia finge.
Scriptor, honoratum si forte reponis Achillem, 120

Impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer.
Jura neget sibi nata, nihil non arroget armis.

92 decentem 95, 96 pedestri. Telephus 98 querela 100 voluut

101 adsint, adflent e coni. 103 tunc 114 Davusne

116 an matrona 117 vigentis 119, 120 finge, scriptor.

120 Ilomereum e coni.

ARS POETICA 239

Sit Medea ferox invictaque, flebilis Ino,
Perfidus Ixion, lo vaga, tristis Orestes.

- — — Si quid inexpertum scaenae committis et audes 125
Personam formare novam, servetur ad imum
Qualis ab incepto processerit, et sibi constet.

• . DiflBcile est proprie communia dicere ; tuque

^i?,( Rectius Iliacum carmen deducis in actus,

Quam si proferres ignota indictaque primus. 130

Publica materies privati juris erit, si

Non circa vilem patulumque moraberis orbem,

Nee verbo verbum curabis reddere fidus

Interpres, nee desilies imitator in artum,

--"^'^nde pedem proferre pudor vetet aut operis lex. 135
Nee sic incipies, ut scriptor cyclicus olim :
" Fortunam Priami cantaho et nobile helium.''^
Quid dignum tanto feret hie promissor hiatu?^^^
Parturiunt montes, nasQclur ridiculus mus. ' '
Quanto rectius hie, qui nil molitur inepte : 140

" Die mihi; Musa^ virum, capiae post moenia Trojae
Qui mores hominum muUorum vidit et urhes^
Non fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo dare lucem
Cogitat, ut speciosa dehinc miracula promat,
Antiphaten Scyllamqueetcum Cyclope Charybdin. 145
Nee reditum Diomedis ab interitu Meleagri,
Nee gemino helium Trojanum orditur ab ovo ;
Semper ad eventum festinat, et in medias res
Non seeus ac notas auditorem rapit, et, quae
Desperat tractata nitescere posse, relinquit; 150

Atque ita mentitur, sic veris falsa remiscet,
Primo ne medium, medio ne discrepet imum.

b
Tu, quid ego et populus mecum desideret, audi :

Si plausoris eges aulaea manentis et usque '

SesHuri donee cantor " Vos plaudite" dicat, 155

Aetatis cujusque notandi sunt tibi mores,

'i^ Mobilibusque decor naturis dandus et annis.

133 verbum verbo 134 arctum 136 ciclius 139 parturient

141 tempora 164 plosoris 167 nobilibusque

167 muturig

240 HORATI

Keddere' qui voces jam scit^puer et pede certo
Signal humum, gestit paribus colludere, et iram
Oolligit ac ponit temere, et mutatur in horas. it 160
Imberbus juvenis. tandem custode, remote,
Gaudet equis canibusque et^ajw^t^fgramine campi,
'Cereus in vitium flecti, monitoribus asper, -^

Utilium tardus provisor, prodigus aeris, y^

Sublimis cupidusque et amata relinquece pernix. ' 165

Conversis studiis aetas animusque virilis_
Quaerit opes et amicitias, inservit honori,
Comrai^isse cavet quod mox mutare laboret.
^lulta senem circumveniunt incomraoda, vel quod
Quaerit^^pt inventis miser abstinet ac timet uti, 170^
Vel quod res omnes timidje gelideque ministrat, r k^Uu
Dilator, spe longus, inersyavidusque futuri, - ' !

Difficilis, querulus, laudator temporis acti . /c
Se puero, castigator censorque minorum.
Multa ferunt anni venientes commoda secum, lt5

Multa recedentes adimunt. Ne forte seniles ^

Mandentur juveni partes pueroque viriles, jn^ZA'^

Semper in adjunctis aevoque morabimur^aptis. /^* "

Aut agitur res, in scaenis, aut acta refertur.
Segnius irritant aniriios demis^^ per apreiTi, 1 80

Quam quae sunt dcn'lis subject'a fidelibus, et quae
Ipse sibi tradit spectator: noil tahiert intus ^^^

Digna geri promes in scaenam, multaque tolles' " ^
Ex oculis, quae mox narret facundia praqsens. ' "^"^'
Ne puero^ coram populo Medea trucidelj', ' 185

Aut humana palam coqtiat ext^ nefarius Atreus,
Aut in avem Procne VertatuiJ Cadmus in an""uem.
Quodcumque ostendis mihi ^ic, inferedulusodi. ';

Xeve minor neu sit quinto productior acta
Tabula, quae posci VQlt et spectata reponi ; 190

161 imberbis 172 lentiii e com. = Hf^ paviclusque e co?ii.

178 morabitur 180 aures 185 nee 187 Progne

189 sit neu 190 spectanda

ARS POETICA 241

Nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus
Incident ; nee quarta loqui persona laboret.

. A ctoris, partes chorus officiun^que virile
ltv<^^^e*feridat,'neu'quid medios.inierciniat actus
kiA^iiod non pro^_osXto conducat et liaereat gfcpte. 195

Ille bonis faveatque et consilietur amjje^
Et regat iratos, et amet ]>§tiiare tinientes ;
Ille dapes laudetmensae brevis, ille salubrem
Justitiam legesque et apertis otia portis ;
^iv^lle tegat commissa, deosque precetur et oret, 200

XJt redeat miseris, abeat Portuna superbis.

if^^r Tibia non, ut nunc, oricbalco vincta tubaeque
^^ Aemula, sed tenuis simplexque, foramine pauco,
Aspirare et adesse choris erat utilis, atque
Nondum spissa nimis complere sedilia flatu ; 205

Quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus,
Et frugi castusque verecundusque coibat.
Postquani coepit agros extendere victor, et urbes
Latior amplecti raurus, vinoque diurno
Placari Genius festis impune diebus, 210

Accessit numerisque modisque licentia major.
ln(|octus quid eniin saperet liberque laborum,
Rusticus urbano confusus, turpi s honesto ?
Sic priscae motumque et luxuriem addidit arti
Tibicen, traxitque vagus per pulpita vestcm ; 215

Sic etiam fidibus voces crevere severis,
Et tulit eloquium insolituin facundia praeceps,
Utiliumque sagax rerum et divina futuri
Sortiiegis non dlscrepuit senteutia Delphis.

Carmine qui tragico vilem ccrtavit ob hircum, 220
Mox etiam agrestes Satyros nudavit, et asper
Incolumi gravitate jocum tcmptavit, eo quod
IMccebris erat et grata novitate morandus
Si>ectator, functusque sacris et potus et exlex.

196 amiois « com. 197 pacare tamcntcs 202 iuncta 203 parvo
204 adflpirare 222 tentavit
10 Hor.

242 HORATI

Yerum ita risores, ita commendare dicaces 225

Conveniet Satyros, ita vertere seria ludo,

Ne, quicumque deus, quicumque adhibebitur heros,

Regali conspectus in auro nuper et ostro,

Migret in obscuras humili sermone tabernas,

Aut, dum vitat humam, nubes et inania captet. 230

Effutire leves indigna Tragoedia versus,

Ut festis matrona movei'i jussa diebus,

Intererit Satyris paulum pudibunda protervis.

Non ego inornata et dominantia nomina solum
Yerbaque, Pisones, Satyrorum scriptor amabo ; 235
Nee sic enitar tragico differre colori,
Ut nihil intersit Davusne loquatur et audax
Pythias, emuncto lucrata Simone talentum,
An custos famulusque dei Silenus alumni.
Ex noto fictum carmen sequar, ut sibi qui vis 240

Speret idem, sudet multum frustraque laboret
Ausus idem : tantum series juncturaque pollet,
Tantum de medio sumptis accedit honoris,
Silvis deducti caveant, me judice, Fauni,
Ne, velut innati triviis ac paene forenses, 245

Aut nimium teneris juvenentur versibus umquam,
Aut immunda crepent ignominiosaque dicta ; y- >
Ofifenduntur enim quibus est equus et pater et res,
Nee, si quid fricti ciceris probat et nucis emptor,
Acquis accipiunt animis donantve corona. * 250

Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Pes^citus ; unde etiaipl trimetris accrescere jussit
Nomen iambeis, ciim senos Tedderet ictus
Primus ad extremum similis sibi : non ita pridem,
Tardior ut paulo graviorque veniret ad aures, 255

Spondees stabiles in jura paterna recepit,
Commodus et patiens, non ut de sede secunda
Cederet aut quarta socialiter. Hie et in Acci
Nobilibus trimetris apparet rarus, et Enni«
In scaenam miss^ pum magno pondere versus 260

226 conveniat 230 vitet 237 an audax 243 accedet 249 fracti
258 Atti editorea quidam 260 magno cum

ARS POETICA 243

Aut operae celeris nimiuin curaque carentis
Aut ignoratae premit artis criniine turpi.

Non quivis videt immodulata poem at a judex,
Et data Roraanis veuia est iudigna poetis.
Ideircone vager scribamque lieeuter ? an omnes 265
Visuros peccata putem niea, tutus et intra
Spem veniae cautus ? Vitavi denique eulpam,

Kon laudem merui. -^Yos exemplaria Graeca -—

Nocturna versate manu, versate diurna.

At vestri proavi Plautinos et numeros et 270

Laudavere sales, nimium patienter utrumque,

Ne dicam stulte, mirati/si modo ego et vos

Scimus inurbanum lepido seponere dicto,

Legitimumque sonum digitis callemus et aure.

Tgnotum tragicae genus im^enisse Camenae 215
Dicitur, et plaustris vexisse poemata'^Ti^eApis,^'
Quae canerent agerentque peruncii faecffms era.
Post liunc pex§onae pallaeque rept^rtor houestae.
Aeschylus et modieis instxiivit pulpita tignis"^^ v,,
Et docuit magnumque loqui^niticjue cot^liurnc' ^.'^80
Suceessit vetus his comoedia, nonStfle^multa
Laude ; sed in vitium libertas excidit'^et vim

{J Dignam lege regi ; lex est accepta, ehorusc[ue^'
vf»Turpiter obticuit sublato jure nocendi.^'' ^ ' t ^ uy-i^-

jj> Nil intemptatum nostri liquere poltae ; 285

Nee minimum raeruere decus vestigia Graeca
Ausi descrcre et celebrare domestica facta,
Vel qui praetextaCVel qui docuere togatas.
Nee virtute foret clarlsve potentius armis
Qjiam lingua Latium, si non offenderet unum 290

Quenujuo poL'tarum limae ]al)or et mora.,^ Vos, o
Ponipilius sanguis, carmen reprendite (j^uod non
Multa dies et muJta litura cocrciltt atqu6 ■ "'"
i^erfectum deciens non eastjgavit ad uuguem.

261 nimium cclcris 205 ut omncs, at omnoH ~~"— 270 nostri

277 faecibus atris 285 intentatum 21)2 reprehendito

294 praesectum 294 decies

244 HORATI ^/ I

Ingenium misera quia fortunatius arte 295

Credit et excludit sanos Helicone poetas
Democritus, bona pars non ungues ponere curat,
^.,tJ^, ; Non barbara, secreta petit loca, balnea vitat.
^J^jl>5-^anciscetur enim pretium nomenque poetae,
^ Si tribus Anticyris caput insanabile numquam, 300
■ ^- Tonsori Licino commiserit.y^O ego laevus,
Qui purgor bilera sub vertii temporis horam 1
Non alius faceret meliora poemata. • Verum ,*

-^ Nil tanti est. Ergo fungar vice cotfs, acutum Jj3l>^
Reddere quae ferrura valet, exsors ipsa secandi ; 305
Munus et oflBcium, nil scribens ipse, docebo,
' Unde parentur opes, quid alat formetque poetam,
Quid deceat, quid non, quo virtus, quo ferat error.

' (Scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons.|^f <*^
Rem tibi Socraticae poterunt ostendere chartae, 310
Verbaque provisam rem non invita sequentur.
Qui didicit patriae quid debeat et quid amicis.
Quo sit amore parens, quo frater amandus et hospes.
Quod sit conscripti, qupd^udicis officium, quae
Partes in bellum missi'^ducis, ille profecto 315

Reddere personae scit convenientia cuique.
Respicere exemplar vilae morumque jubebo
Doctum imitatorem, et vivas hinc ducere voces.
Interdum speciosa locis morataque recte
Fabula nullius veneris, sine pondere et arte, 320

Valdius oblectat populum meliusque moratur,
Quam versus inopes rerum nugaeque canorae.

Grais ingenium, Grais dedit ore rotundo
Musa loqui, praeter laudem nullius avaris.
Romani pueri longis rationibus assem 325

Discunt in partes centum diducere. " Dicat
Filius Albini: Si de quincunce remota est
Uncia, quid superat ? Poteras dixisse." " Triens." '' Eu I

305 exors 311 sequuntur 314 quid ... quid 318 veras joerpanct

319 iocis 323 Graiis . . . Graiis 326 dicas e coni. 328 superet

328 poterat 328 hem

ARS POETICA 245

■. I"" '
Rem poteris servare tuain. Redit uncia, quid fit ? "
" Semis." At, haec animos aerago et cura peculi 330
Cum semel imbuerit, speramus earmina fingi
Posse linenda cedro et levi servanda eupresso ?
. ^ .■ .r ^-<- .
Aut prodesse volunt aut delectare poetae,
Aut simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitae.
Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, ut cito dicta 335

Percipiant animi dociles teneantque fideles;
Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat.
Ficta,voluptatis caus^. sint proxima veris ;
Ne, quodcumque volet, poscat sibi fabula credi,
Neu pransae_Lamiae vivum puerum extrahat alvo. 340
Centuriae seniorum agitant exper-tia frugis,
Celsi praetereunt austera poem^ta Ramnes : -^.; .*
I Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci^f ..
Lectorem delectando pariterque monendo. ; ^^ ,^— -
Hie raeret aera liber SFsiis, hie et mare transit, 345
Et longum noto scriptori prorogat aevum.

"- Sunt delicta tamen quibus ignovisse velimus ;
Nam neque chorda sonum reddit quem volt manus et

mens,
Poscentique gravem persaepe remittit acutum,
Nee semper feriet, quodcumque minabitur, arcus. 350
Verum ubi plura nitent in carmine, non ego paucis
Offendar maculis, quas aut incuria fudit
Aut humana parum cavit natura. Quid ergo est?, -■.
lit scriptor si peccat idem Jibrarius usque, '
Quamvis est monitus, venia caret ; ut citharOedus 355
Kidetur, chorda qui semper oberrat eadem :
Sic mihi, qui multum cessat, fit Choerilu» ille,
Quem bis terve bonum cum risu miror ; et idem
Indignor quandoque bonus djirmitat Homerus.
Verum operi lon^^o fas est obrepere somnum. 360

Ut pictura, poesis : erit^ia^, si^propius stes,
Te d&piat iSagi^, et quaedam si lon^iis atistJes ;

330 an 339 neo 339 velit 355 ct 358 terquc 360 opere in longo

246 HORATI

Haec amat j)bscurum ; volet haec ^ub luce videri,

JTTclicisj'argiitum otTae non formidat acumen ;

Ha'^c placuirs^^l, haec det^Mns ri^petTfa'pYad^iC 365

O ma[or juvenum, quamvis ot vocej;}ate1rna
J^-- iTIngeris ad rectum et per te sapis, hoc tibl dictum ^
^^^ ^Toll6 i^mor,^ertis medium et tolerabile rebus .7'-*
Kecte concedi :^c^nsultug_jirr].s^t a'ctqr _
Causarutfi^iediocrTs a'Ee¥t virtu^ (userti .^ 370

Messallae, nee scit^quantu^ Cascellius_Aulus^ ,
SeH tamen in pretio est: liiediocribus esse poetis,
!Non homines, non di, non concegsjere columnae. ,^ ,
lit gfata's inter mensas synipli^nia^discofs ' "__; ^ '-' ^^' -^ '^'
Et crassum unguen.f|jm,et Sardo^um mellepaj)a32ef-^*r5>7
Offehdiint, poterat aucj quia cena sine^tis,^ /u>l'!!/V7
Sic animis natum inven^umque^poeina'^juvandid^ /'TT
^ paulum sumnio decessit, vergit ad imuTn. /).'-vt'V.\
'^Ludere qui nescit, campestribus abstinet armis,
Indoctusque pilae discive trochive quiescit, 380

Ne sjiissae risum tollant impune coronae:
Qui nescit versus, tamen audet fingere. Quidni?
Libeis.^et ingenuus, praesertim census equestrem
^Summam nummorum, vitjogyae remotus ab omni.

Tu nihil invita dices faciesve Minerva";." 385

•^d tibi judicium est, ea mens. Si quid tamen olim
: — — .^Scripseris, in Maeci descendat judicis aures

Et patris et nostras, nonumqu.e prematur in annum,
Membranis intus positis : delere licebit
_^uod non edideris ; nescit vox missa reverti. . 390

Silvestres homines sacer interpresque deorum
Caedibus et victu foedo deterruit Orpheus,
Dictus ob hoc leTiire tigres rabidosque ieones ;
Dictus et Amphion, Thebanae conditor urbis,
Saxa movere sono testudinis et prece blanda 395

Ducere quo vellet. Fuit haec sapientia quondam,
Publica privatis secernere, sacra profanis,

365 decies ' 371 Messalae 378 a summo discessit Xamfttnwa
^ ,, . 385 faciesque 394 arcis

•5 ^ ? -> C; ;

ARS POETICA 247

Concubuu prohibere Va^o, dare jura maritis, _^
f^m Om>irin moliri, leges incidere \igno:£o^ >^^'i ^J^-^

Sic honor et nomeii divinis vatibus atque ^^' 400
Carminibus venit. / Post hos insignis Homerus
Tjrtaeusque mares animos in Martia bella /' •
Yersibus exaciiit ; dictae per carmina sortes,
Et vitae monstrata via est ; et gratia regum
Pieriis temptata modis ; ludusque repertus, .^^^.[y^jMAOb
Et longorum operum finis : ne forte pudori
Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers et cantor Apollo I

■" . i)'.''

Natufsr fieret laudabile carm6fi an arte,
Quaesitum est : ego nee stadium sine diyitejrena^ '
Nee rude quid possit video ingenium ; alterius sic 410
Altera poscit opem res et conjurat amice,
'^ui studet optatam cursu contingere metam,
Multa tulit fecitque puer, sudavit et alsitj
Abstinuit venere et vino ; qui Pythia cantat
Tibicen, didicit prius extimuitque magistrura. 41^

Nunc satis est dixisse " Ego raira poemata pango ; ^"^ ■
Occupet extremum scabies ! mihi turpe relinqui est,
Et, quod non didici, sane nescire fateri."

XJt praeco, ad merces turbam qui cogit eraendas,
Assentatores jubet ad lucrum ire poeta 420

Dives agris, dives positis in fenorc nummis.
"ST vero^esrunctum qui recte ponere possit,
Et «pondere levi pro paupcre, et eripere jitris
Litibus implicitum, mira))or si scict inter- j ^

Noscere mendacem verumque beatu|rsrmlcum. 425

Tu, seu don&ris seu quid donare voles cui,
Nolito ad versus tibi factos ducere plenum
Laetitiae ; clamabit enim " Pulchre I Bene I Recte!"
Pallescet super his, etiq,rn,^f^tijlabit amicis
Ex oculls rorem, sajjel, tundet pede terram. 430

Ut, qui conducti plorant in funere, dicunt
Et faciunt prope plura dolentibus ex animo, sic

410 prosit 416 ncc codicen pnnri, num, non 417 est omit.
421 foenore 423 artis 424 Bciat

248 HORATl

Derisor vero plus laudatore movetur.

Reges dicuntur multis urge re culullis^^

Et torquere mero queiii perspexisse laborant, 435

An sit amicitia dignus : si carmina condes,

Kumquam te fallant animi sub volpe latentes. _ ^ ^,

Quintilio si quid recitares, ** Corrige, sodes, /■ '^/'rJ l
Hoc," aiebat, " et hoc." Melius te posse neg^res. \r^' ^
Bis terque expertum frustra, delere jubebat, /^ t/<jL440
Et male tornatos incudi reddere versus, .c.^^ ^JU^^^^
Si defendere delictum quam vertere malles,
!^ullum ultra verbum aut operam insumebat inanem,
;uin sine rivali teque et tua solus amares.

Vir bohu^ et prudens versus repreheudet inertes, 445 /
Culpabit duros, incomptis allinet atrum ';' - < A

Traverso calamo signum, ambitiosa recidet ' ■ ' •
Ornamenta, parum claris, lucem dare coget, f ■.
Arguet ambigue dictum, mutanda notabit, iLf

Fiet Aristarchus ; non dicet " Cur ego amieum 450
Oflfendam in nugis ? " Hae nugae seria ducent
In mala: derisum semel exceptumque sinistre.

Ut mala quem scabies aut morbus regius urget
Aut fanaticus error et iracunda Diana,
Yesanum tetigisse timent fugiuntque poetam 455

Qui sapiunt ; agitant pueri incautique sequuntur.
Hie, dum sublimis versus ructatur et errat, -
Si veluti merulis intentus decidit auceps
In puteum foveamve, licet " Succurrite " longum
Clamet, "lo cives ! ", noii sit qui tollere curet. 460

Si curet quis opem ferre et demittere fuuem,
" Qui scis an prudens hue se projecerit, atque
Servari nolit ? " dicam, Siculique poetae
Narrabo interitum. Deus immortalis haberi
Dum cupit Empedocles, ardentem frigidus Aetnam 465
Insiluit. Sit jus liceatque perire poetis :
Invitum qui servat, idem facit occidenti.

435 laborent 437 fallent 440 expertum ? frustra : Wakefield

441 formates e coni., ter natos coni. Bent. 443 sumebat 446 adlinet

447 transverso 450 nee 456 secuntur 457 sublimes 462 deiecerit

ARS POETICA 249

Nec semel hoc fecit, nee, si retractus erit jam,

Fiet homo, et ponet famosae mortis amorem.

Nec satis apparet cur versus factitet, — utrum 4t0

Minxerit in patrios cineres, an triste bidental

Moverit incestus : certe furit, ac velut ursus,

Cbjectos caveae valuit si frangere clathros,

Indoctura doctumque fugat recitator acerbus ;

Quem vero arripuit, tenet occiditque legendo, 475

Non missura cutem, nisi plena cruoris, hirudo.

470 dictitet

ABBREVIATIONS.

ad loc, on this passage.
Am. ed., American edition.

A. U. C, in the year of the city. ,

B. C, be/ore Christ.
cf., compare.
cod., codex.
comm., commonly.
conj., conjecture.

e. g., /or example. '

Qr., Grammar or Grammars.

H. or Hor., Horace.

i. c, fft«< t«.

Ind., Index.

in fine, at /Ae end.

lit., literally.

MS., MSS., manuscript, manuscripts.

XX., note.

p., pp., pagre, ;>a7e«.

P. N., Proper Names.

Tar., pronounce ot pronounced.

q. v., which see.

EC, understand, supply.

sq. {sing.), sqq. (js/.), and the fol-
lowing.

it., translate, translates, or trans-
lation,

v., verse.

V. R., various reading or readings.

A. P., ^)-« Poetica.

Carm., Orie«.

Epp. or Epist., Epistles.

Epod., Epodes.

Od., Of/es.

Sat., Satires.

Grammars.

A., Allen & Greenough's.

B., Bullions and Morris's.

C, Chose & Stuart's.

G., Gildei sleeve's.

H., Hnrkness's. Revised Ed.

Kr., Kruger's.

M., Madvig's.

Z., Zumpt's.

Editors and Commentators.

Acr., Acron.
A,, ^hMoh.

B. or Bent., Bentley.
Br., Braunhard.

C. Currie.

D. or Dil., Dillenhurger.
F., /"ea.

G., Gesner.

II., Heindorf.

G. H., (7. Hermann.

K. F. II., AT. Z'. Hermann.

J., Jahn.

K., A'e^/er.

Kr., Kriiger.

Lach., Lachmann.

Lamb., Lambin.

L., Lincoln.

Mc, Macleane.

M., Meineke.

Mt., Mitscherlich.

N., Nauck.

Ob., Obbarius.

0., Ore^/t.

P., Peerlkamp.

Porph., Porphyrion.

R., ^i«cr.

S-J., Schmid's Jahn.

St., Stallbaum.

Y., Yonge,

Z., Zumpt.

Bl., Metrical translation by Bulwer
(Lord Lytton), in Black-
wood's Magazine, 1868.

Con., Metrical translation by Co-

Lex., Harpers' Lexicon.
M. M., Tlfaa; Miiller.

250

NOTES.

HORATI CARMINYM

LIBER PRIMVS.

Oariii. I— Ad Maecenatem. (725-736.)

This introdnctory ode serves both as a preface to the first three books, which
were published together, and as a dedicutiou to Horace's friend and patron
Uaeceuas.

Argument. — Maecenas, my protector, my pride, various are the aims of men.
One man delights in Olympic contests, another in the honors of the state, another
in his well-filled barns. The farmer will not jilough the seas, the merchant is
restless on land. One loves his ease and his wine, another the camp and the din
of war, while the huntsman braves all weathers for his sport. My glory is in the
poef 8 ivy crown, my delight to retire to the groves with the nymphs and the
satyrs, where my muse breathes the flute or strikes the lyre. If thou shaltrankme
among the lyric choir, I shall lift my head to the skies.

1. Maecenas. See the Index of Proper Names.— Atavis. Abl. of
Bource, after edite (from edo), a participle denoting birth. C. 178; H.
415, II. ; A. 244, a; G. 395. Atavis here is a general term for ances-
tor». What is its proper or original meaning? (See Lex.) — Begibus,
in apposition with atavis, and kindred in force to a relative clause:
ancestors, (icho tcere) kings. Maecenas belonged to the family of the
Cilnii (an ancient and leading house at Arretium), which was descended
from Lucumone», or princes of Etruria: (Carm. III. 29, 1, Sat. I. 6,
1, 2)._

2. ^et. A spondee. Interjections consisting only of a vowel (or of
a vowel followed by h), cannot bo elided; by elision the whole word
would disappear in recitation. — The friendship of Maecenas was a. pro-
tection to Horace against the assaults of the envious and censorious,
conferred upon him many solid advantages (as the gift of the Sabine
farm), and was an ornament and an honor to him, from the social pres-
tige attending an intimacy with the first gentleman of Rome. — Notice
the alliteration in dulce decus, as in dulce et decorum, dulcen docta, dulci

261

252 NOTES.

digne, denne dulcitm, dulci distinct a domo, Dauniae defende deai», etc..
in subsequent odes. — Con. " The shield at once and glory of my life."

3. Curriculo (from curro as vehiculum from veAo) = curm, "with the
car." A few commentators give the other possible translation, i» the
race-course. — Olympicum. N. suggests that the allusion here ic not
to the Grecian games, but to the imitations of them at Rome, instituted
by Augustus. (See Suet. Oct. 45.)

4, 5. CoUegisse. The tense need give us no trouble, for a literal trans-
lation of it is perfectly intelligible in English. The remembrance of
the race is pleasant, as well as the race itself; and even during the race,
the dust has been raised, before it is thought of. Or Horace chose this
form without any very subtile consideration of the time, from the exi-
gencies of his metre, and the infinitive is aoristic. C. 246, 1, a, b, and 2 ;
A. 288, e. Collegisse denotes the gathering together or collecting the scat-
tered atoms of dust into a cloud, as by a whirlwind. Cf. Sat. I. 4, 31. —
Juvat. After sunt qui the subj. is ordinarily found. By the use of the
indicative here, the poet represents the action as particular rather than
general, and hence with more liveliness and definiteness, as if he had
the very persons in his mind who are pleased by such contests. Sunt
quos is here equivalent to nonnullos, (as est qui (v. \^)=nonnemo, sunt
qnibus (I. 7, b)—nontmllia). Hence the construction is continued by
hunc (7) and ilium (9) : so. juvat. The indie, cannot be used after n^-
ative expressions, such as nemo est qui. — Meta. At each extremity of
the spina (a low wall running lengthways down the centre of the race-
course), were three conical pillars of wood, called metae, — the goal.
" It was the mark of a skilful driver to turn the goal as closely as pos-
sible, which is implied in /ervidis evitata rotis." — Feryidis, glowing. —
Falma. A palm-branch was given to the victors in the Grecian games,
to be borne in the hand, in addition to the garland of olive, laurel, pine,
or parsley (and sometimes of palm), for the head.

6. Terramm dominos, in apposition with deos. Cf. Ovid. Pont. I.
9, 36 : Terrarum dominos quam colis ipse deos. T. dom. is wrongly
taken by D. and R. as the object of evehit. — "Evohit ad deos, transports
to the gods ; i. e., makes them, applauded and proud, feel themselves
great as the gods. — Notice how lively a picture Horace has given us
by a few simple touches, — the chariot, the cloud of dust, the skilful
turning of the goal, and the palm-branch given to the proud victor.

7. Hunc. sc. juvat. G. H., J., and Ob. supply here evehit ad deos as
well a.s juvat. — TllLohiliu.m, Jickle. Cf. ventosae plebis, Epp. I. 19, 37.

8. Honoribus, abl. of means (the Latin idiom being "raise with
honors " where we should say to honors). The threefold honors are the

253

enmle aedileship, the praetorship, and the consulship. — Certat toUere.
This use of certo with the infin. is almost exclusively confined to the
poets. C. 241, 1 ', H. 533, II.; A. 273, c; G. 424, 4,- M. 389, obs. 2;
Z. 616; B. 1160.

9. Ilium, sc. Juvat. — Proprio horreo, abl. of mode or means; it is
usually explained, as it is most conveniently translated, as abl. of
place with the prep, in omitted by poetical usage.

10, 11. Libya, Sicilj^, and Egypt were the most fertile provinces of
Rome. — The area was a raised floor on which the grain was threshed,
under the open sky. After the wind had winnowed it, the floor was
swept, and the grain was thus collected. — There seems to be a certain
contempt for wealth and honors in the use of the -words pnlverem, mobi-
/iHw, and verritur. — Gaudentem, sc. ah'quem (one). — Fatrius means
helongivg to one'^ father ft, ancestral ; patemus, helongivg to one's father.

12. Attalicis condicionibus (coriditionibus), lit., by Attalic offers,
i. e., by the most splendid offers, — the Attali (kings of Pergamus), and
especially Attains II., Philadelphus, being famous for the munificence
with which they rewarded artists who adorned their palace with pic-
tures and statues, and for the liberal prices they paid for books.

13-16. The four proper names in these lines are introduced for the
sake oi particularity and consequent vivacity and picturesqueness. The
spftciCcation of a particular kind of vessel, and of particular seas and
winds, brings more definite images before the mind than would be pre-
sented had the poet confined himself to general terms. It suggests, more-
over, whatever poetic associations belong to the names ; " Cyjjria," for
example, calls up "dreamy recollections of all the lovely Inyths about
Cyprus." Apart from such local coloring, the most obvious interpre-
tatiorf is that given by Bl. : "You could not tempt him even to a short
passage on board the best-built ship : " Cyprus being celebrated for ship-
building, and the MyrtOan sea a short though rough passage. — Fluc-
tibus, dative. C. l.'i."., 7; 11.385,4, 3); G.345; B. 83.3, .3. «• Luotari,
oertare, decertare, contendere, are used by the poets with the dat.,
after the manner of the (J reek \ia\ia^ai nvi."

16. Otium et oppidi rura sui, generally tr. (as hendiadys) the peace-
fill field H around his town. In such cases, however, we must not lose
sight of the twofold object. The merchant praises both the tranquillity
(calm, freedom from care) of his native town, and the beautiful fields
around it.

18, 19. Pati. Find in your grammar (by the index) the rule for the
infinitive after adjectives. — Massici, sc. vini.

20. Nee speniit, litStds. — Solido. The business-hours constituted

254 NOTES.

what was called the solid day. " Solidus signifies that which has na
vacant part or space."

21, 22. Horace delights in pictures like this (especially attractive
in a warm country like Italy), of taking rest under grateful shade and
by the side of murmuring streams. — Membra, ace. of specification,
with stratus (from sterno). — The arbutus {arbutus unedo, or strawberry-
tree) is a beautiful shrub, and remarkable for the bright color of its
evergreen leaves. — Lene, softly whispering, gently murmuring. —
Caput, spring, " well-head." — Sacrae, i. e., to the nymphs. " Shrinea
were usually built at the fountain-head of streams, dedicated to the
nymphs that protected them."

23. The lituus or clarion was a bronze trumpet, curved at one ex-
tremity like an augur's staflf. It was sharp or shrill in tone, and was
used by the cavalry. The tuba, trumpet, was straight (as its name
denotes) and of a deep tone, and used by the infantry. — Litao (abl,
governed by permixtus)= litui sonitu, a brief mode of expression com-
mon in all languages.

24. Matribus. " Dat, of the agent with the passive part, detestata."
But notice that, while the abl. with a or ah denotes the agent directly
and simply, the more subtile construction with the dat. marks the action
rather as affectimj the interests of the agent, or as standing to him in a
certain relation : as here, wars, to mothers a thing abhorred, (" war, the
detested of mothers," BI.) There are a few cases, however, in the poets,
where this original distinction between the dat. and the abl. with ab
seems to have been lost sight of, as there is a natural tendency, in all
languages, to the occasional disregard of distinctions so delicate.

25. Detestata, a deponent part, used passively, as moduhitus (I. 32,
5), metatus (11. 15, 15), ahominatus (Epod. 16, 8). '' Detestatus is
nowhere else used passively, except by the law-writers, who use it of
one convicted by evidence." — Sub Jove, under the open shy, as sub
divo (the latter word being derived from the same root as the lov or
111 which in composition with pater makes Jupiter or Juppiter; com-
pare interdiu). Ennius: Axpice hoc sublime candens, quern invoca»t
omnes Jovem. The Romans often use Jupiter for the heavens or their
phenomena. — Manet, i. e. pemoctat.

27. Catulis, strictly, dat. of advantage; but see note on matribus
(24); C. 157, 1 ; H. 388 ; A. 232, b, c ; G. 352. How do we know that
catulis is not abl. ? (C. 173, 1 ; H. 415, I. ; A. 246 ; G. 403.)

28. Teretes (smooth, rounded), firmly twisted, well wrought; some
translate tapering, in allusion to the conical shape of the nets; plagas,
nets, toils.

ODES, I. i. 255:

29. Doctus (like the Greek arocpds) is an epithet of poets, musicians,
and men skilled in any art, — Hederae. The ivy was sacred to Bac-
chus, by whose inspiration poets were often fired. PL, wreaths of ivy.

30. Dis, dative : join me to, place me among the gods.

31. The nymphs represent the sweet and graceful aspects of nature,
the satyrs the wild and grotesque. — Leves, nimble-footed, lively.

32. Populo, abl. after a verb of separation. In the best prose, secemo
is generally followed by the prep. ab. C. 177, 1 ; II. 413; A. 243; G.
388,- B. 916, 917; M. 261, obs. 3; Z. 468.— "The tibia" (most con-
veniently tr. Jlute) " was a sort of flageolet. Used in the plural, as here,
it has reference to two of these instruments played by one person. Their
pitch was different, the low-pitched tibia being called ' dextra,' because
it was held in the right hand, and the high-pitched ' sinistra,' because
held in the left." Mc.

33. Eaterpe (eZ and Tipnw, "the well-pleasing") was said to have
invented the tibia, and she especially presided over music; Polyhym-
nia (woAuf and i/jii^, " rich in song," or the muse " of the sublime
hymn") invented the Ij're. In tihiaa Euterpe, Horace alludes to liis
lighter verses (as he does in me gelidum — populo, 30-32): in me doc-
tarnm — superia (29-30) and Polyhymnia — harhiton to his loftier strains.

34. Lesbpam, Lenhian ; an allusion to Horace's great lyric models, the
poC^sj^Aicacus and Sappho, natives of the island of Lesbos. — Tendore,
to atrike (lit., stretch [the strings]). The harbitoa {-on) was larger than
the ordinary lyre.

35. Quod si, and if. Used sixteen times in Horace; e. g. III. 1, 41 ;
Epod. 2, 39. Quod is strictly ace. of specification, in regard to which,
i. e., in regard to the matter in hand, or the general subject of our
discourse, etc. The conjunctive quality of the relative appears in our
translation and. — Nine of the lyric poets of Greece were recognized as
pre-eminent in merit: they were Pindar, Alcaeus, Sappho, Stesichorus,
Ibycus, Bacchylldes, Simonldcs, Alcman (or Alcmacon), and Anacreon.
Inseres. This use of the fut. is modest. The poet awaits the judg-
ment of his friend.

36. A literal translation gives best the force of this hyperbole. The
poet means, I shall feel myself exalted to the skies, I shall bo at the
summit of my hopes.

%* Ilorncft'» ode» can gcnorally bo divided into «trophon of foar lino« each. Thin
fir-t ode, lir)Wf;v»!r, bcninH and «Mids witli ii rlirtticli, tiie first (X-l) cutifaiiiiiiiK the
adrlr«Ms til MiKM.enas, th« Mw;oiid (3o-.'J6) iiitiiniitiiix tin; coiMiilotomitiBfactlon which
Ilonure will fool if IiIh patron give» Jiini a favoraldo jiidj;nunt. Thin pracofnl dedi-
cation may posBildy have been an aftorthonKlit; it» oiniMMion wonid It^avn a cuiir>
plete ode of eight strophes (3-34)« an appropriate introduction to the Ixx^k.

256 NOTES.

Carm. II. — Ad Oaesarem. (723-732.)

Written probably A. U. C. 726, on the return of Augustus to Rome after f,ho
taking of Alexandria.

Argument. — Portents enough hath Jove sent upon the earth, making it fear
that a new deluge was coming, as the Tiber, the unauthorized avenger of Ilia,
rolled back from its mouth, threatening destruction to the city.

Our sons shall hear that citizens have whetted for each other the steel that
should have smitten the enemy. What god shall we invoke to help us? What
prayers shall move Vesta to pity ? To whom shall Jove assign the fcisk of wiping
out our guilt? Ck)me thou, Apollo; or thou, smiling Venus, with Mirth and Love
thy companions ; or thou. Mars, our founder, who hast too long sported with war;
or do thou, son of Maia, put on the form of a man, and let us call thee the avenger
of Julius Caesar; nor let our sins drive thee too soon away; here take thy tri-
umphs ; be thou our father and prince, and eufifer not the Mede to go unpunished,
whilst thou art our chief, 0 Caksar.

1-20. The prodigies here described are such as were said to have
followed the death of Julius Caesar. Cf. Verg. Georg. i. 466-488, Ov.
Met. XV. 782 sqq.

1. Terris misit, has sent the earth. Terris is dat. of disadvan-
tage (C. 149 ; G. 344, 3), and not (as usually explained) =:= in terras. It
is always well to consider a dative as a dative. — Nivis, gen. of the
whole, after an adv. of quantity. C. 133, 4, n. 1, b: H. 397, 4; A.
216, 4; G. 371; B. 762.— The aigmatism in the repetition of is in
the first two verses, has been censured by some critics, but is defended
by N. as representing by its harsh sound " the unintermitted and incon-
ceivable wrath of heaven : Cf. iv Sivtpi PaSttrpiv luydXriatv. II. 21,
239." Some ears are too captious on such points. Lowell rightly
commends Jeremy Taylor (in the well-known passage in his sermon
on prayer, containing the image of the lark) for the " slidingly musi-
cal use he makes of the sibilants with which our language is unjustly
taxed by those who can only make them hiss, not sing."

2-4. Pater, i. e., Jupiter, rarhp avbodv re ■dtSip re. — Rubente, red
(from the reflection of the thunderbolt). The abl. in -t, the adjective
form, would represent a permanent quality ; the participial form, in -e,
(used here) denotes a transient appearance. — Arces, i. e., the seven hilla
of Rome with their temples and the Capitol. Cf. Verg. Georg. 2, 535
(and the similar verse, Aen. 6, 783) : Septemque una sibi niuro circtim-
dedit arces. — TJrbem, i. e., Rome.

5-8. Terruit, containing the idea of inspiring fear, is followed by
ne, lest. — Saeculum Pyrrhae, the deluge of Deucalion. — Omne pecus,
his whole Jlock (especially his seals). — Visere, inf. (by a Greek con-

11. 257

struction) instead of the supine, or nt with the subj., to denote purpose.
C. 244, 1 ; H. 533, II. 2; A. 331, g; G. 424, 4, 4); M. 389, obs. 2.

9-12. Samma, in the top of: (by what familiar rule? ) — Ulmo, poet-
ical abl. of place. Rule for its gender? — The proper name for wood-
pigeons is palumhes, but columha is the generic word. — SaperjectO,
80. terris. — Dammae (damae), gazelles. Some tr. chamois.

13-16. Inundations of the Tiber, though not uncommon, were the
objects of superstitious regard at Rome. — Flavum. The Tiber is of a
muddy, yellow, or tawny color, from the sand washed down in its
stream. In the sunshine, when seen at some distance, it gleams like
gold. — Litore Etrusco (abl. after retortis, a verb of separation), /roni
the Etruscan shore, i. e., from the right bank of the Tiber, where the
high grounds descend directly into the stream. — Dejectum, former
supine after a verb of motion, expressing the purpose of the motion.
Honnmenta regis, i. e., the palace of Numa, adjoining the temple of
Vesta at the foot of the Palatine hill.

17-20. Iliae. See Index P. N. — Nimium querenti (on account of
the assassination of Julius Caesar). — Vagus, i. e., straying from his
proper channel, and spreading his waters over the city. — Sinistra
ripa, poetical abl. of place. Rome was built chiefly on the left brink of
the Tiber ; that is, on the bank at your left hand as you sail down the
stream. — Jove. The Capitoline Jupiter, the tutelar deity of Rome. ^'•
In u-xorius amnis the word flows over into the next verse, as the
river over its banks : perhaps not without design ; at any rate, it is
picturesque. N.

21-24. Javentns, rara vitio parentaxn, audiet cives acnisse fer-
rum («c. in cives or adversus cives) : an allusion to the civil wars.
Gives is strongly emphatic. — Andiet acuisse, etc., shall hear that
fellow citinen» whetted the sword. C. 146; II, 537. — Fersae, i. e., the
Parthians. In Horace, the names Medi, Persae, and Parthi were cquiv«
alent. The Persae and Medi were included in the great Parthian empire.
" The empire of the East had passed from the Medes to the Persians
under Cyrus, and from them to the Parthians under Arsftccs." Melius
perirent, lit., would better die; an English writer would say, (as Mc.
translates,) b)/ which it were better that the hostile Persians should die.
In perirent wo have the imper/. instead of the phiper/. subjunctive for
liveliness' sake. C. 215, 4, 1 ; 219; H. 510, n. 2; A. 308, a.— Pugnas,
(our) bat:'*!», the allusion being definite. — Vitio, ablative of cause.
The havoc oi the civil wars lessened the number of the youth.

25-28. Vocent and fatigent, each subj. in a question of hesitation
and doubt, the doubt being in regard to what may most properly or
Hor, 17

258 NOTES.

fitly be done : " Whom shall the people invoke, for the safety of the
sinking state?" — Divom (a contraction of divorum), gen. after quern,
a partitive word. — Imperi = imperii. See Grammar, on second declen-
sion of nouns. — Rebus, dat. of advantage {rebus sustentandis). — Vir-
gines sanctae, the Vestal virgins. — Minus audientem, either Icsb
attentive to their prayers than before the murder of Caesar (who was
Pontifex Maximus), or too little attentive to. The abl. governed by the
comparative degree is here omitted. C. 53, 1 ; 174, 5 ; H. 444, I ; A.
93, a ; G. 312, 2. — Carmina, more special than prece, refers to hymns
or liturgical chants.

29-32. Partes, the oflBce, the duty. — Humeros, ace. of specifica-
tion. Apollo was to be clothed with a cloud, in order not to be seen by
mortals. Apollo is first invoked, either as the guardian of the Caesars
(especially of Augustus), or as the god of divination {augur), who could
teach the Romans how to appease the anger of the gods. Virgil (Aen.
4, 376) follows Horace in giving Apollo the title augur.

83-36. Venus is called "goddess of Eryx," from Mount Eryx in
Sicily, where she had a temple. As the mother of Aeneas, she is inter-
ested in the welfare of Rome and of the Julian gens. — Bidens, <f>i\onimihi
'A(j>po6lrTi, Iliad 3, 424. — Circum quam. — Jocus, Jeat or Sport, (KcD/ios).
Genii of this kind are often represented as flitting around Venus, in
works of art. — AuctOT (sc. generis), our founder, i. e.. Mars, father of
Romulus and Remus.

37-40. Ludo, the sport of battle. — Leves, polished. What would
lgv€8 mean ? — Mauri peditis, i. e., of the unhorsed Moor. The Roman
soldier has slain the horse, and is now, stained with blood {cruentum),
attacking the dismounted rider, who glares upon him with a fierce and
undaunted look. The two verses (39, 40) give us a fine picture of des-
perate valor. — VoltUS = vultus, which latter orthography had come into
use as early as Quintilian's time. " The Romans had a diflBculty in
pronouncing uu, whether as a diphthong (e. g., as in quum, equtis," —
hence often written cum, ecus), " or as used with a consonantal power
given to the first letter. The same peculiarity held in the letter i ; thus
abicere, or else ahjecere, is an older form than abjicere. On the other
hand, where i came between two vowels, there was a doubling of the
i in pronunciation." Y.

41-44. Sive (tu), ales filius almae Maiae, mutate figur^, imitaris juve-
nem in terris. — Filius, nom. for voc. — Mercury, as paci/er and as the tn-
terpres hominumque divomque, is a god of reconciliation ; he is also an ex-
piator of crimes and an author of civilization : hence his identification
with Augustus in this strain of refined flattery. — Juvenem. Augustus

ODES, I. ii. iii. 259

was forty years old; but a man was called Jnvem's and adolescens until

old enough to be called senex. — Ales, in allusion to Mercury's winged

cap and winged sandals.

45-52. Bedeas (and the four following verbs), subj. in a wish or

prayer. The phrase serus in caelum redeaa was happily quoted by Web-

eter when he welcomed Lafayette at Bunker Hill in 1825. — Vitiis, abl.

of cause. — Iniquum, "iratum." — Ocior, too early. — ToUat, i. e.,

evehat in caelum. — TriampllOS, governed by ames, which also governs

diet. Others supply agas. The title of Pater patriae was given to

Augustus A. U. C. 752, long after this ode was written ; that of Princepa

was given him in 726. Pater is to be taken here in a general sense, as

pater civium, (cf. pater tirhium, III. 24, 27) ; princeps as princepa sena-

tu8. — Eqnitare. The Parthian cavalry often made hostile incursions

into the Roman province of Syria. — The name of Caesar is introduced

abruptly, with great art, at the end, where that of Mercury might be

expected.

%* Tlie first six strophes of this ode (1-24) treat of the calamity, the last six
(29-52) of the expiation: the middle strophe (2f)--28) contains the turning-point;
the line Hie am^i did pater alque princeps, in the last strophe, the aim or final
point of the whole.

Cann. III. — Ad navem Yergili Athenas profecturi.

Addressed to the poet Virgil, on his departure for Greece, A. U. C. 735.

Aboumewt. — We commit to thee Virgil, 0 thou sliip! deliver him safe on the
•bores of Attica, and preserve him whom I love as my life; and mny the «kies
and winds prosper thee. Hard and nieh was the man who first tempted the sea
and defied the winds. In what shape should he fear the approach of death, who
unmfived coald look on the monsters of the deep, and the swelling waves, and
dangerous rocks? In vain did God separate lands, if man is to leap over the for-
bidden waters. So doth he ever rush into sin. Prometheus brought fire into the
world, and with that theft came all manner of diseases; Daedftlus soared on wings,
and Ileroiles Imrst into hell. Deterrwl by naught, we would climb heaven itself;
and our guilt suffers not Jove to lay aside bis bolts.

1-8. Sic, etc. Thv8 mny the cfoddeas, etc., ffuide thee. — Reddas and
serves follow as defining sic, and are to be translated absolutely, with-
out supplying ut. The abruptness of the anacoluthon increases the
effect. — Diva, i. e., Venus, who as Venus Marina or EtJiAoia was invoked
by navigators. — Fotens Cypri, who rulea over Cyprus. Cypri gov. by
potens. C. 1.36, 2; 11. .399, I. 3; A. 218, a; G. 873. Fratrei
Helenae, Castor and Pollux, who " had among other appollav
tioni^ that of 'sailor-helpers.'" The actual stars are referred to (m

260 NOTES.

appears from lucida aidera), and not " the fire of St. Elmo." — VentoruDU
pater, Aeolus. — Aliis, sc. ventis. — The lapyx was a favorable wind for
voyagers to Greece, as blowing from the N. W. — Debes. The ship
owes Virgil to Horace and his friends ; Virgil has been intrusted (ere*
ditum) to it as a loan or pledge. — Reddas, etc., mayst thou deliver (him)
safe to the Attic shores. — Animae dimldium meae. Pythagoras de-
fines a friend as the half of one's soul.

"Part of my soul, I 8«ek thee, and thee claim,
My other half." Miltox.

9-16. lUi erat, he had. Oak and triple bronze are symbols of har-
dihood, resolution, and indifference to danger; robur suggests a shield
of oak-wood, as aes triplex a coat of mail. — Notice the expressive
arrangement by which contrasted words are brought together, {frarjilem
truci, pelago rateiii,) and primus is made emphatic by being placed at
the end. — Docertantem. Be in composition is intensive. R. says that
it denotes here the eagerness for struggle and victory. — Aquilonibus,
dative ; which case is often used in the poets after verbs of fighting,
contending. — The Hyades are called tristes, because they betoken
rain.— Hadriae. C. 19, 8; H. 48, 5, 2; A. 35; G. 28.— (Sive) volt
ponere seu tollere. Volt=vnlt. — Ponere. As the wind could raise
the waves by blowing, so it could lay them by ceasing to blow.

17-20. Gradum, approach, onward step ; Death is personified. — •
Siccis oculis, toith dry eyes, i. e., unmoved. The ancient poets use tears
for symbols of sensibility and strong emotion ; nor was it considered
by them as unmanly to weep in times of danger — Infames, ill-famed ^
on account of the many shipwrecks at that point.

22-28. Prudens (pr(o)v(i)dens), in his providence (or foresight). —
Oceano dissociabili, "by the estranging main." Matthew Arnold.
Dissociabilis is used in an active signification. — Audaz omnia per-
peti = audax ad omnia perpetienda. To make the inf. depend upon
the adj. is a poetical construction, borrowed from the Greeks. — "Veti-
tum nefas. The addition of the adjective indicates that men do not
sin from ignorance, but rush consciously into crime. D. — Japeti
genus, i. e., Prometheus; (genus —Jilius.) — Mala, mischievous.

32-40. Order : Tardaque necessitas leti, semoti prius, corripuit gra-
dum.— ExpertUS (est). — Perrupit, broke violently through, broke into.
The "strepitus verborum " in this verse corresponds with the violence
and might exhibited in the action. The i in perrupit, originally long,
retrains its right by the aid of the arsis. — Acheronta (a part for the
whole) = Hades. — Herculeus, adj. where we should say "of Hercules."
— Ardui. C. 133, 4, a; 113, 7; H. 397, 1; 441; A. 216, I.; 189, a;
G.371j 195, 2; B. 762.— Stultitia, in our folly.— Tonere, to lay aside.

ODES I. iii. iv. 261

Oarm. lY. — Ad L. Sestium.

Tariou3 dates are assigned to this ode, from A. U. C. 715 to 732; the latter snp-
poaitiou beiug gtueiaiJy adopted.

Argument. — The winter is thawing; the spring is returning; the sailors are
launching their ships ; the herds quit their stalls and the ploughman his fireside ;
and the meadows are no longer white with frost. Venus and the Graces are
leading the dance, and the Cyclopes' forge is burning. Let us bind the head with
myrtle or the earth's first floweis, and sacrifice a lamb or kid to Pan. Death calls
on rich and poor alike. I jfe is short, 0 Sestius ! and our hopes we must contract.
The grave awaits thee ; and when there, no more shalt thou preside at feasts.

2-8. Machinae (=phalangae, Caes. B. G.), rollers on which the ships
were drawn down to the water, which had been hauled up on shore at the
approach of winter. The launching of the ships at the opening of naviga-
tion on the first day of spring (VI. Id. Mart.) was an occasion of great
rejoicing. — Igni, the fire built for warmth in winter. — Choros dncit,
lead» the dancen. — Imminente Lana, while the moon hanga overhead.—
Kymphia, dat. C. 15.3. 6 ; 11. p. 201, foot-note 1 ; A. 248, a, R. ; G. 346,
2; M. 243, obs. 4. — Altemo — pede. They dance, keeping time, and
striking the earth first with one foot and then with the other. The
dance of Love with the Nymphs and the Graces, at the opening of the
vernal season, expresses, in the language of ancient poetry, similar
ideas to those in these verses from Tennyson's Locksley Hall : —

" In the Spring a fuller crimson comes upon the robin's breast;
In the Spring the wanton lapwing gets himself another crest;
In the Spring a li%elier iris changes on the burnished dove;
In the Spring a young man's limey lightly turns to thoughts of love."
Secentes, comebj, lovely. — Graves, lahoriouH. — Ardens, glowing with
the reflection of the flames — TJrit, lights up, fires. Vulcan superin-
tends the Cyclopes, in his workshop (oj/icinaa) under Aetna, while they
forgo thunderbolts for Jove to hurl in the coming summer.

9-12. Nitidam (with oil). It was the custom to anoint the hair and
wear garlands upon the head at feasts. — Agna, sc. tibi immolari, (cf.
III. 24, 57.) Abl. of means, or of "that with which the action of the
verb is performed." Cf. Verg. Eel. 3, 77.

13-16. Pulsat, knock» at. The Greeks and Romans often knocked
at doors with ihc\r feet instead of their hands, " IM^iut. Most. 2, 2, 23:
puhnndo pedibua jiaene confregi ha»ce amha» (fores)." — Regum, i. e.,
of the rich and great. — Turres, i. c., lofty houses. — Beate, perf. pass,
part, of Leo, lit., blessed; here, (as often,) blessed with wealth, opulent.
Summa is the noun-substantive, nut the adj. — Inchoare " always m«an«

262 NOTES.

to begin something in such a way as not to finish it." Mc. tr. to enter
upon; N., to give room to. — Longam, i. e., "which looks far forward,"
"requires a long time to mature it." L. tr. distant. — Jam with the
future = soon. It implies certainty. — Fremet is taken with nox, while
corresponding verbs are supplied with manes and domus, e. g., circum-
volitabunt and teget. — Fabulae, appositive to maneS, and the shades^ the
Jahles ; a strong expression for the fabled shades.

17. Exilis, bare, poorly furnished with comforts, heijce cheerless.
R. tr. narrow, as affording little r9om for the multitudes of shades that
throng in it; others tr. tenanted by ghosts (or by unsubstantial shades).
Y., too freely, joyless. — Plutonia, of Pluto. Adjectives formed from
proper names are often used in Latin where it would be more in accord-
ance with English usage to employ the gen. — Simul = simul ac, as soon
as, when once. — Mearis — meaveris, fut. perf.

18. Thou wilt not obtain by lot the sovereignty of the wine, i. e., thou
wilt not be chosen by the dice as the (rex bibendi) president of the feast.
"Non accipies per sortem regna vini." Acr. Cf. II. 7, 25. — TaliSf
hy the dice, (with fhejactus Veneris, the most lucky throw, in which each
talus presented a different number.)

Carm. V. — Ad Pyrrliani. (720-725.)

Argument.— What slender youth art thou toying with now, Pyrrha? He
thinks, poor boy, it will always be thus with thee, and will timidly wonder when
the tempest arises. I pity those who have not found thee out; for my part, I
have escaped out of the storm, as the walls of the Sea-god show, wliereon my drip-
ping garments and the picture of my wreck are hung.

1-8. Multa in rosa, on many a rose. — TJrget, courts. — Pyrrha. Not
a real personage. The poem is simply a creation of Horace's fancy.
The name (nv^pd) denotes auburn hair {favam comam). — Cui, for tchom.
Simplex munditiis, jo/am in thy elegance, simple in thy elegance ; "plain
in thy neatness," Milton (in his translation of this ode). It is difiScult
to do justice to these two Latin words in English. They indicate ele-
gance without pretension, — that union of elegance and simplicity
which is the highest triumph in dress, as it is in every field of art. Cf.
^i\oKa\iJvijey /jiet' tireXeiai (Funeral Oration of Pericles) : words which
*' express the good taste of the Athenians in avoiding the gaudy and
lavish magnificence of barbaric ornament, and by the beauty of form
and proportion exciting a purer and higher pleasure." Cf. also Isocr.
ad Demon. ^ 27, (where see Sandys.) — Fidem, of (broken) faith. Sup-
ply laesam, suggested by mutatos ; or we may translate simply, with L.,
" of faith and changed gods complain." — MatatOS| 1. e., no longer pro-

ODES I. V. vi. 263

pitious. — The winds are called black, as obscuring the sun. — Emi-
rabitur. The e- is intensive : shall he wonder (from the bottom of his
heart) at. This is the only instance in which this word occurs in writers
of the golden age, — Insolens, unaccustomed (to such treatment).

9-16. Aurea, ^'all-gold" (Milton), i. e., of priceless value, endowed
with every perfection (in his imagination). " So Homer calls Venus
vpvaia frequently." — Vacuam, " heart-free " (from other loves). — Aurae
fallacis, the deceitful breeze. — Intemptata (intentata), untried (i. e.,
before they have tried thee and proved thy coquetry). — Nites, i. e.,
aeemest lovely, art attractive. — In what case are tabula and votiva ? —
Prove by scanning (C. 270, 1 and Exc. 1; H. 581, III. 1; A. 348, 4;
G. 704 and Exc. 1; B. 1471, and Exc. 1). Men who escaped from a
shipwreck often hung up in the temple of Neptune, or some other sea-
god, (particularly in the temple of Isis,) a picture representing their
wreck, and the clothes they escaped in. — Maris governed by potenti.
C. 136, 2; H. 399, 1. 3; A. 218, a; G. 373.

Oarm. VI. — Ad M. Vipsaninm Agrippam. (718-734.) 725 ?

Abgument. — Varius shall sing in Homeric strain of thy victories by sea and
land. My humble muse does not sing of these, of the wrath of Achilles, or the
wanderings of Ulysses, or the fate of Pelops' house, nor will she disparage thy
glories and Caesar's. Who can fitly sing of Mars, mail-clad, of Meriones, black
with the dust of Troy, of Diomod, a match for gods ? I sing but of feasts and of
the mock battles of boys and girls.

1-8. Beriberis. Present or future? Prove by scanning, and thus
finding the quantity of the e. — Scribi here means to bo celebrated in
verte. — Vario, abl. absolute with alite. Scriberis a Vario might
have been expected ; but instead of thus regularly and directly denot-
ing the agent, Horace expresses himself indirectly, " «ince Variua i$
a bird of Maeonian (i. e. Homeric) song : " the abl. absol. denoting
the cau$e of the fact stated in the principal clause acriberis fortis et
hoitium victor. For the construction cf. inaequali tonaore, Ep. I. 1, 94,
and judice Caeaare, Sat. II. 1, 84. R. takes Vario as dat. of the agent,
and alite abl. by accommodation to the sense instead of the form, Vario
being equivalent in meaning to a Vario : but this is forced. — Quam-
cumque rem. — NoB, i. e., I. — Nequc conamur, etc. — Gravem Pelidae
Stomachum, the deatructive wrath of Peleua' aon. (Compare the first
two lines of the Iliad.) — Cedere, infin. governed by the adj. nescil.
The prose usage would require the gerund in the gen., cedendi. — •
Duplicis, crafty, double-dealing. There is a humorous depreciation

264 NOTES.

(TOTTfjViixrtj) in the use of stomachus for ira, and in calling Uljsses crafty
instead of versatile or icise. — UlixSl (pr. in four syllables) is a gen.
of the second declension, from an ancient form, Ulixeus. — Pelopis.
See Pelojps, Index of Proper Names. — Oomum, house, i. e., family or
line.

9-20. Tenues grandia, a humble {hard), lofty {themes) ; tenues agree-
ing with nos. — Imbellis lyrae, gov. by potens. Cf. potens Cypri, 3, 1.
Laudes eg. Caesaris et tuas. In Latin, as in Greek, a possessive pro-
noun is often connected by a conjunction with the genitive of nouns,
as being itself equivalent to the gen. of a personal pronoun. — Tunica
tect. adam., clad in his adamantine tunic, i. e., in his shirt of mail
(^aXKeoi^uprj^, ^oXko^^^ituv) . Adamantine is a poetic word for steel. —
Quis scripserit. Subj. in a question of appeal. — Saperis parem. By
the aid of Athena, Diomedes Saiftovi ico^ wounded Venus (Iliad, V. 335)
and Mars (846 sqq.). — Order : acrium in juvenes, sectis (tamen) nngui-
bus, {yet) with their nails pared, so that they could do little damage.
K., imagining a more serious combat, wrongly tr. sectis " cut sharp." —
Acrium = acriter pugnantium. — (Sive) vacui (sumus), sive quid uri-
mur (or if we "nurse a flame"). — Non praeter solitum leves, i. e.,
trifling, according to my usual practice. Me.

Oarm. VII. — Ad Mimatimn Plancum. (722, 0., 734, R.)

Argument. — Let others sing of the noble cities of Greece, and celebrate Athens
and all its glories. For my part, I care not so much for Lacedasmon and Larissa
as for Albunea's cave, the banks of Anio, and the woods and orchards of Tibur.
The sky is not always dark, Plancus. Drown care in wine, whether in the camp
or in Tibur's shades : as Teucer, thongh driven from his father's home, bound
poplar on his head, and cheered his companions, saying : '• Let us follow fortune,
my friends, kinder than a father: despair not, while Teucer is yonr chief; Apollo
has promised us another Salamis : drown care in wine, for to-morrow we will seek
the deep once more."

1-4. Laudabunt, concessive fut., others shall praise (if they please).
Claram, bright, sparkling, sunny, (with reference to its cloudless skies).
Between what two seas (or gulfs) does Corinth stand? — Baccho and
Apolline, abl. of cause with insignes ; distinguished on account of
Bacchus and Apollo, i. e., on account of the legends connecting these
gods with those places. — Gender, number, and case (accusative) of
Tempe ?

6-7. Sunt — olivam. There are those whose single task it is to
celebrate the city of chaste Pallas in unbroken song, and to gather a

ODES I. vii. 265

branch from every olive to entwine their brow (lit., to place before their
brow an olive-branch plucked from every quarter). — Intactae, i. e.,
virgin. — Falladis urbem, i. e., Athens, named for Athena, and sacred
to her. — Perpetuo, continuous, unbroken. — Undique, etc. I follow
Orelli and others in understanding this passage as meaning, (in Y.'s
words,) " the pride of others is, in a set poem to celebrate Athens (or
Attica), and to gain an olive wreath from every part of it, i. e., from
every legend, to gain poetic fame." Bentley, Con., and others explain
it as implying a worn-out hackneyed subject, an olive-tree stripped of
its leaves by every poet, "plucked on all hands." — Olivam. "The
wreath for literary merit was properly of ivy (I. 1, 29). Here it is sup-
posed to be of olive, as being conferred by Pallas," to whom the olive
was sacred. Similarly the muse of the love-poet is crowned with myrtle
(as sacred to Venus) in Ov. A. A. I. 1, 29.

8-9. Plurimus, many a one. — In honorem. to the honor. The ace.
is proper, as denoting the end or purpose. R. and N. render plurimus
in honorem, " he who is eagerly intent upon the celebration of Juno."
Aptum equis, Innd^anv. The vale of Argos aflFords good pasture.

10-13. Tarn, «o much. — Patiens, hardy, patiently enduring. — Per-
CUSsit, has struck, charmed. Perhaps historical (struck), and implying
that Horace had visited these places. — Bomus, the home, the grotto. —
Praeceps, headlong, in allusion to the cascades.

15-21. Albas, making clear. " Expressive of the white, fleecy clouds
which accompany westerly or N. W. winds." Y., who cites Iliad 11,
306. — Deterget. Horace often prefers forms in -eo. So tergere,den-
•enrur. — Signis. The standards, set up in the ground, in Roman
camps, in front of the general's tent, were richly decorated with plates
of gold or silver. — Tenant, tenebit. From the difference of the tenses,
we may infer that Plancus was still in camp. — Tiburis tni, i. e., of
thy villa at Tibur. — Patrem. TelSmon.

22-27. lyaeo, with wine. This name of Bacchus is very appropriate
here, for it means the deliverer from care (Xuiiv). — Populea. The white
poplar wa3 sacred to Hercules, to whom, as the Leader, ('Hpa«>i)f vy*/*""»)
and as himself "far-wandering," Teucer, placing a poplar wreath
around hi« brow, pours out a libation before he sets out on bis new
expedition. — Quocumqne, separated by «mc/r//». — Melior parente,
hinder than my father. — Tencro ducc, et ausplce Teucro, ■u^^th Teucer
for your leader, andjunder the auspices of Teucer. Abl. absolute. —
Auspice. Horace puts into Teucer's mouth an expression derived from
a Roman usage. A Roman commander-in-chief alone had the auspi-
eium, i. e., the right of consulting the gods by the flight of birds, to

266 NOTES.

see whether any proposed step met with their approval. If an impe-
rator commanded in person, the war was said to be carried on under
his ductus as well as his auspicia ; otherwise only under his auspiciaf
his legatus being the dux. Thus Tacit. Ann. 2, 41 : recepta aigna cum
Varo amiasa ductu Germanici auspiciis Tiberii. Mc. and Z. Whitefield
adapted this motto for the banner borne by the New England troops
in the expedition against Louisburg : " Nil desperandum Christo duoe
et auspice Christo."

28-32. Certus {vntitfiTfii), unerring. — Ambignam, i. e., that cannot
be distinguished from the old Salamis, on the island of that name : or,
famous as the old, so that when the name " Salamis " is mentioned, it
will not be known which of the two is meant. — Tellure nova, i. e., in
the island of Cyprus. Poetical abl. of place. — Saepeque passi mecum
pejora (i. e., mala majora). Cf. Verg. Aen. 1, 198, 199. — Iterabimas,
we will again traverse.

%* Some editors and sereral of the best MSS. divide this ode into two, th«
second beginning at the 15th line. But no student of Pindar will complain that
the connection between the different parts of this beautiful little poem is too
obscure.

" For the supposed political reference of this ode, see MerivdU, Hist. Borne, ch.
3CU. vol. iv. p. 595 ; " (p. 456, American edition.)

Oann.VIIL-AdLydiam. (727?)

Argument. — Lydia, why art thou spoiling Sybaris thus, so that he shuns all
manly exercises? He who was once so active, why does he no longer ride and
ewim and wrestle, and throw the quoit and javelin in the Campus Martius? Why
does he hide himself with thee, like Achilles in woman's apparel ?

1-9. The names Lydia and Sybaris both indicate luxury and effem-
inacy. (The characters are invented, not real). — Froperes and oderit,
subj. of dependent question. — Amaudo, by loving {him). — Campum.
The Campus Martius, where the young men used to amuse themselves
by games and warlike exercises. It lay fully exposed to the sun. —
Patiens, (once) patient of, (once) able to endure. — Militaris, {although)
ripe (or, of right age) /or military service. The adj. is used adversa-
tively. — Aeqnales, his companions ; lit., those of the same age. — Equi-
tat, i. e., does he take part in cavalry exercises. — Gallica ora, the
mouths of Gallic steeds. The Gallic horses were very spirited, and
highly esteemed for war. — Tiberim tangere, i. e., to swim. — Olivam.
Before wrestling, the combatants used to rub their bodies over with oil,
in order to render themselves more supple, and thus able to elude more
easily the grasp of their opponents. Z. — Sanguine viperino = quam
«anguinem viperinum. M. 304.

ODES I. viii. ix. 267

10-16. Qestat = habet. — Armis, i. e., the discus and the jaculum i

Nobilis saepe disco, saepe jaculo, trans finem expedite. — Trans fiuem
ezpedito, thrvwn beyond the mark, or " beyond the point attained by
any of the other players." Ezpedito belongs to disco as well as to
Jaculo. " The discus was a heavy circular plate of iron or lead, about
a foot iu diameter, and thrown like our quoit as a trial of strength or
skill." — Nobilis, famed. — Achilles, the son of the sea-goddess Thetis,
that he might not be sent to the Trojan war, was dressed as a female,
and concealed by his mother among the daughters of Lycomedes, king
of the island of Scyros. Ulysses discovered him by a stratagem, and
induced him to join the Grecian host. — Sub — funera,yH«t before the
mournful slaughter at Troy. On sub, see Z. 319; Harpers' Lexicon s.
V. II. B, 1.— Cultus, a«i>e.— Proriperet (eum).— The Lycians, com-
manded by Sarpedon and Glaucus, were the most powerful allies of the
Trojans. — In with caedem, into, with catervas, against.

Cann. IX. — Ad Tlialiarclimn. (724-727.)

The beginning of this ode may have been suggested by Alcaeus, Frag. 34.

Arocmznt. — Thou seest how Soracte stands out with snow, and the woods are
bending with their burden, and the sharp frost hath frozen the streams. Heap
logs on the fire, and draw thy best Subine wine. I^eavo the rest to the gods, at
whose bidding the fierce winds are still and the woods have rest. Ask not what
is to come; enjoy the present day; let the dance be ours while we are young, the
Campus Martins, the promenade, the happy talk of lovers, and the coy girl that
likes to be caught.

1-8. In what case is altal Determine by the metre. — Stet, stand»
out. Subj. in indirect question, after ut, how. — Constiterint, (from con-
sisto,) are congealed. — AcutO, sharp, piercing, stinging. — Dissolve
friges, "thaw the coW." — Quadrimum, four years old, and therefore
mellow, although the Sabine wine was cheap and ordinary. — Sabina
diota, from a Sabine jar. Diota, a wine-jar with two handles.

9-16. Cetera, all other things. — Simul='8imul ac, as soon as. —
Aequore, on the deep. Poetical abl. of place. — Fuge = no/i. The inf.
quaerere is its object. — Quemcumque dierum. — Dabit. Indie, with the
universal relative. — Lucre appone, count as gain ; " set down to profit ;"
dat. of the result. C. 161, 1, 4. — Puer, dum puer cs. — Tu is familiar and
kindly, and emphasizes the exhortation, as a6 yi in Greek. 0.

17-24. Virenti (tibi), dat. of advantage after abest. C. 149;
H. 386, 2; A. 224; Q. 345; B. 817, 820.~Cainpai, the Campui

268 NOTES.

Martius, with its games and exercises: especially resorted to in the
forenoon. — Areae, "the open squares, where the young people used to
meet and gossip : " " the resort of loungers in the afternoon." — Sub noc-
tem, at nightfall. — Bepetantiir. Subj. of precept or mild command.
Composita hora, at an hour agreed upon. — Nunc et (repetatur) gratua
risus intimo ab angulo, proditor latentis puellae, (repetatur)que pignus,
etc. " The girl hides in a corner, but betrays herself by laughing. When
the seeker discovers her, he takes from her a pledge " or love-token,
" either a bracelet or a ring, which she teasingly refuses to give." —
Lacertis and dig^to, dat. after dereptum. — Male pertinaci, roguishly
(or mischievously) obstinate, or roguishly resisting. Others tr. male
" non admodum," feebly, none too earnestly, resisting : " not too per-
tinaciously coy." " not o'er reluctant."

Oarin. X. — Ad Mercurium.

Aegument, — Mercury, thou who in their infancy didst tame the human race
by the gilts of speech and gymnastic exercises, of thee will I sing, tliou inessen-
ger of the gods, thou master of the lyre and prince of thieves. Why, while Apollo
Was threatening thee for stealing his cows, he tnrned and laughed to find bis
quiver gone. By thee Priam passed through the Grecian camp. Thou conductest
louls to their last home, thou favorite of the gods above and gods below.

1-8. Mercuri. C. 9, Exc. ; 23, 3 ; H. 51, 5 ; A. 40, c ; G. 29, 2.—
Cultus, the habits, manners. — Recentum, of the newly created, i. e.,
of the first men. — Voce, by (the gift of) language. — Decorae, graceful,
i. e., giving grace and symmetrical development to the hody. — More,
by the institution, introduction. — Lyrae. The infant Mercury made the
lyre out of a shell of a tortoise by fitting strings to it.
"The babe was born at the first peep of day;

he 'oegan playing on the lyre at noon,
And the same evening did he steal away
Apollo's herds."— Homer's Hymn to Hermes, Shelley's Transl.
Callidnm condere (= callidum ad condendum), inf. after adj., by a
Greek construction. — Quicquid placuit, whatever it has pleased thee,
(so to hide). Others : whatever has struck thy fancy. — Jocoso — furto,
to hide in sportive theft.

0-20. Order : Olim, dum Apollo terret te puerum minaci voce, nisi
reddidisses boves, per dolum amotas, risit, viduus pharetra. — The story
that Hermes jocosely removed the bow and arrows of Apollo at the
very time that Apollo was scolding him for stealing his cows, is not
found in Homer, and is probably from Alcaeus. — Terret (historical
present) = terrebat, and hence may be followed by the pluperf. {reddi-

ODES I. X. xi. 269

ditten). — Dam, icMle, when expressing simultaneous coincident action,
is properly followed by a present indie, without regard to the tense of
the leading verb. — Priam's visit to the camp of Achillea, to ransom the
body of Hector. {Iliad 24, 336 sqq.) — Ilio, neuter. Horace uses both
the neut. //ton and the fern. Ilios. — Priam is here appropriately called
dives, on account of the rich gifts which he bore. — Ignes, icatch-firea.
Trojae. dat. — Fefellit, eluded, passed through without detection, (cA«y
tiff£A5wv II. 24, 477.) — With his "caduceus" or yolden wand (a present
from Apollo), Mercury, as 4'i<^o:Toix::6i, (usher of souls,) guides the souls
of the dead to the lower world. — Laetis sedibus, i. e., in Elysium. Abl.
Reponis. N. thinks that the force of the re- in this verb is " thou placest
in their destined seats of rest," "their due abode." — Levem, uusub-
ttantial. — Deorum, partitive genitive. — Imis = Vn/ert», (Pluto and
t*r08erpine). Mercury had functions both in heaven and Hades.

Oam. XI.— Ad Leuconoen. (726-732.)

AaonxKNT. — Look not into the book of fate, Leuc&noe, nor consult the astrol-
ogers. IIow much better to be satisfied, whether we have yet many winters to
see, or lliis be tlie hist! Be wise, strain the wine, think of the sliortncss of life,
and cnt thy expectsitions short. Even while we speak, time flies. Live to-day ;
trust not to-morrow.

1-4. Ne quaesieris, nee temptaris, subj. in a negative exhortation
or mild command. The perf. is a little stronger than the present would
have been, " as begone in English is more expressive than go." Wo should
have expected neu or ac ne instead of nee. — Scire nefas, it ia forbidden
U9 to know. "Nefas" is whatever is contrary to the will of the gods.
Finem, sc, vitae. — Dederint, subj. in indirect question. — Temptaris
(tentari8) = temptaveris (tentaveris). — Babylonios nnmeros, i. e., the
calculations of the Chaldean astrologers, (Chnldaeorum promisaa, Cic.
Tu«c. Diap. I., 40). " Swarms of impostors from the East pretended to
tell fortunes and cast nativities at Rome. They were most successful in
engaging the attention of women." — Ut melius (est), how much better
it ia. — Seu Juppiter tribuit plures hicmes, seu (hanc) nltimam, or
(thia winter) aa the laat, quae nunc, etc.

6-8. Debilitat, "breaks the force of," breaks (the waves of) the
Tyrrhene sea. — Oppositis pumicibus, on the crumbling-rocka oppoaed.
Abl. of means, although the English idiom prefers the prop. on. " By
the term pumicibua are meant rocks corroded and eaten into caverns bjf
the constant dashing of the waters." A. Cf. Whittier's
" CliffH which hungry Ocean
Gnaws vrith hia surges."

270 NOTES.

Sapias, liques (from liqtio), reseces, subj. of exhortation. — Wine was
clarified by being ctrained through a saccus or filter-bag, made of linen
placed round a frame-work of osiers shaped like an inverted cone, or
through a colum, a kind of metal sieve. Cf. Ev. Matth. 23, 24 : excolantea
culicem. — Spatlo brevi, abl. absol. of cause, since life is short. — What is
meant by long hope / — Besecos, cut off, i. e., do not indulge. — Fugerit,
will have /led, will flee so speedily that we shall find it gone before wo
are aware. The fut. perf. expresses the rapidity and the certainty of
the future action. — Carpe diem, seize the day, grasp it, make the most
of it. Literally, pluck the day, as we pluck a flower whose beauty and
fragrance we would enjoy.

Xn. De Laudibus Deoram atque Hominum. (729-732.)

ARGUMENT. — Whom wilt thou sing among gods or men. Clio? Whose nnme
shall the echoes of the Muses' hills repeat? Whom, hefore the Almighty Father,
who knows no equal or second? After him cometh Pallas, and then hrave Liber,
and the huntress Diana, and Phoebus the archer, and Hercules, and Leda"s Bons,
before whose star the tempests fly. Then sliall it be Romnlus, or the peaceful
Numa, or proud Tarquin, or Cato, who nobly died? Regulus and the Scauri, and
Puulus, who gave up his great soul to the Ciirthaginian. gratefully I will sing,
and Fabricius and Curius and Camillus, all trained for war in poverty's school.
The fame of Marcellus grows like a tree, aud the star of Julius is brighter than
all stars. To thee, great Father, is given the care of Caesar; share with him thy
kingdom. Putting Parthians to flight, and subduing the nations of the East, he
shall rule the world, as thy vicegerent, while thou shalt shake Olympus, and hurl
thy bolts on the haunts of impiety.

1-4. The opening {Quem — deum) resembles the beginning of the
second Olympic ode of Pindar. — Acri, shrill. — Sumis celebrate = sus-
cipis celebrandum. Another instance of the concise use by the poets
of the infinitive with verbs "which, in prose, would require ut with the
subj., or a supine, or ad with a gerund, or some other construction.'' —
Clio. Horace invokes the Muses without much discrimination ; but
Clio is not improperly invoked here, as the Muse of history. Mc. —
Jocosa imago (sc. vocis), ''sportive echo." "Virgil gives the full ex-
pression, Georg. 4, 50 : Vocisque offensa resultat imago."

6-9. The three mountains named here were the chief seats of the
Muses. — Oris, borders, skirts. — TTnde, i. e., from Haemus. — Vocalem,
the tuneful. — Temers, without order, pell-mell, " in tcild confusion ; "
others, " involuntarily, without knowing why." — Insecutae (sunt). —
Materna, of his mother, i. e., of the muse Callf-o-pe.

13-16. Parentis, i. e., of Jupiter, with whose praises {solitis laudibus)

ODES I. xii. 271

the ancient poets were wont to begin their compositions. — Mundum =»
caelum cum sideribus. — Horis, seasons,

17-20. TTnde = ex quo. — Nothing is second to Jupiter ; no one stands
on the same plane with him, or is to be numbered directly after him as
following him in rank. All are below him; yet Pallas, (the personified
wisdom of the father, sprung from his head,) though not second, is the
nearest.

22-28. "Virgo, i. e., Diana. — Hunc, Castor, ilium, Pollux. Iliad,
3, 237 : KoJTopd y Irmodaijiov ml vv^ aya^iv HoXvltiKta. The alliteration
in the line Castor eqtiis, Pollux pugnis pugnare paratus may help one
to remember which was the horseman and which the boxer. — Pug-
nis, abl. pi. of pugnus. — Simul = *tmut ac — Alba Stella. The con-
stellation of the twins is called alba, clear, both as bright in itself and as
bringing on a clear sky. Cf. albits Notus 7, 15. R. wrongly takes th«
allusion here as being to the electric lights called St. Elmo's fire.

29-36. Saxis, abl. of separation. — Quod sic voluere, /or thus they
(Castor and Pollux) have willed it. — Fonto, poet. abl. of place. The
wave falls back in the sea. Others, dat. = in pontum. — Dubito (utrum)
prius post hos memorem Romulum, an quictum regnum Pompili, etc. —
Memorem, indirect question. Where several questions are asked
together, (whether director indirect,) utrum is sometimes omitted before
the first. — Tarquini. Tarquinius Superbus. — Catonis. Cato Uti-
censis. It is to the credit of Augustus that Horace felt free to praise
this sturdy republican. Cf. Od. II. 1, 24 and Verg. Aen. 8, 670.

37-47. Animae prodigum. Cf. Cic. vitam pro/undere pro patria, and
largitus est patriae suum sanguinem. — Superante Poeno, tchen the Car-
thaginian wa* conquering, (at the battle of Cannae.) — Insigni Ca-
mena^in noble verse. — Hunc, i. e., Fabricius. — Incomptis capillis,
abl. of description. The first barbers and hair-cutters in Rome camo
from Sicily in the year 300 B. C. Quintilian, in quoting this phrase,
says intonsis by an error of memory. — Bello, dat. after utilcm. 0. takes
it as abl., in war. — Saeva, stern. — How doc^ paupertas diflTcr in mean-
ing from the English word poverty f — Apto Cum lare, with a house pro-
portioned to it. — OccultO aevo, o/ unknown years, already old, and to
endure for ages. Others, as L., " in the imperceptible lapse of time." —
Marcelli. Probably an allusion to the whole house; primarily to the
great M. Claudius Marcellus, the conqueror of Syracuse, but also delU
cately suggesting the young Marcellus, son of Octavia and nephew of
Augustus, — anew shoot on the old tree. — Julium iidus, the «tar o/
Julius, a reference to Julius Caesar, soon after whose death a comet
appeared, which the people identified with his deified soul. "Th*

272 NOTES.

heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes.") 0. remarks

that there is no distinct mention made of Julius Caesar in Horace,

except Od. I. 2, 44, and then without epithet, none in Propertius, and

only in three places in Virgil (Eel. 9, 47, Georg. 1, 466, Aen. 6, 790) ; as

though they feared lest, in\ celebrating him, they should obscure the

praises of Augustus. So Ovid {Met. 15, 750) says of Julius, that he

has no greater glory than that he was Augustus's (adopted) father.

51-60. Data, sc. eat. — Secundo Caesare, with Caesar as thy second.

Abl. absolute. — Egerit justo triumpho, shall have led along in just

triumph. Y. tr. justo " regular, full, complete." The conditions of a

just or legitimate triumph, in the days of the republic, were as follows :

1. The war must have been a just one, and waged with foreigners; no

triumph was allowed in a civil war. 2. Above 5000 of the enemy must

have been slain in one battle : (Appian says it was in his time 10,000.)

3. By the victory the limits of the empire must have been enlarged. —

SabjectOS — orae, lying under the sky of the East. Orae, dative. — To

minor, etc. Subject to thee, he shall rule with justice over the glad world.

Cf. III. 6, 5 : lioinane, dis te minorem quod geris, imperas. The reading

latum (0., S-J., Mc, Y.) has been most frequently adopted by editors ; but

laetum (R., K., M., N.) is more significant, and has good MS. authority. —

The chariot of Jupiter rolls heavily when he thunders. — Farnm castis,

i. e., profaned. — Lucis, especially the consecrated groves. Dative like

ierris, I. 2, 1.

*#* The first three strophes of this ode serve as an introduction ; the six follow-
ing celebrate gods and heroes ; while in the last three the grand purpose of the
ode is reached in the united praises of Jove and A-ugustus.

Oarm. XIII. — Ad Lydiam.

Arqument. — When, Lydia, thou praisest the beanty of Telgphus, I burn with
jealous ire. Think not that so impetuous a lover will be constant. Thrice happy
they whom an unbroken union binds fast till death 1

*#* The names are probably fictitious, and the incidents imaginary.

2-4. Cerea, wax-ichite, the delicate color of the white wax of the
ancients. Others, " smooth and round, as in wax figures." The idea
of smoothness or glossy surface may well be associated, as A. suggests,
with that of fair color. Bent, (followed by N.) adopts the old gram-
marian Flavins Caper's erroneous citation lactea. " The Romans wore
their necks and arms bare, the tunic being so cut as to expose the
throat and upper part of the chest, and having no sleeves." — Telephi.
The repetition of the name shows, how constantly Lydia is talking of

ODES I. xiii. xiv. 273

him : " Telephus has such a rosy neck ! " " Telephus has such waxen
arms ! " — Difficili bile, i. e., jealousy. Anger was called splendida or
vitrea bilis, and melancholy atra hilis (ficXay^oXla). The liver was
regarded as the seat of the passions.

6-8. My feelings fluctuate, my color comes and goes. — Manet. The
-et regains its original quantity (-e^ by the aid of the arsis and caesura.
The use of the disjunctives nee — nee justifies the singular number manet,
which reading is found in the codex vetus Bernensis (n. 363), and adopted
by Bent., F., Mc, K., N., Y. — Order : Quam penitus macerer lentis igni-
bus. Horace is fond of this cross-position of words ; cf. 14, 5 .

10-16. Mere, abl. of cause. — Puer, i. e., Telephus. — Impressit labris
tuis notam memorem, reminding thee of Mm, or " as a memorial " of
his passion. — Non speres. This more emphatic negative is used not
unfrequently in prohibitive sentences instead of ne. Mc. — Ferpetuunii
constant. — Quinta parte, with the quintessence. Others, mathemati-
cally, understand that Venus has bestowed just one-fifth of her nectar !

17-20. The only true happiness in love is in the pure and lasting
union of faithful hearts. — Nec — die, nor shall any breach of their love
(amor divolsus, C. 251, 4; H. 549, 5, n.2; A. 292, a; G. 667, 2) by
varetched tcranglings part them be/ore their last day.

''There's a bliss beyond all that the minstrel has told.
When two, that are linked in one heavenly tie,
With heart never changing, and brow never cold,

Love on through all ills, and love on till they die." MoOBS.

Carm. XIV. — Ad Eem Publicam. (717-725.)

AR0UXE5T. — Thou art drifting again to sea, thou ship of state; oh I haste, and
make for the harbor ; oars lost, maxt split, yurds crippled, and rigging gone, how
canst thou weather the storm? Thy sails are torn, thy gods are gone, and, noble
hull though thou be, there is no strength in thy beauty. If thou bo not fated to
destruction, avoid the rocks, thou who wort but lato my grief, and art now my
anxious care.

%* An ode of Alcaens (Fr. 18 Bergk) may have suggested to Ilorace the meta-
phors of tliis ode; the comparison, however, ot the htatu to a ship, and of wars to
■torms, is frequent in Qreek and Lutiu writers. — Written some time during the
civil wars.

2-10. Occupa, en<cr. — Nudum, 8c. «tV. — Gemant, possint. Thcao
subjunctives (found in the best MSS.) are of indirect question after utf
how. The clause introduced by xit is the object of vides. — Sine funibuii
without cables (with which they undcrgirdcd the ship, Cf. Act. Apost.
27, 17: accingentes nnvem). — Carinae, plural for sing, perhaps for
poetic coloring and dignity. — ImperiosiuS} the too violent, too lordly^
18 Hor.

274 NOTES.

Di. Poetic plural, or plural of generality : non di = nemo deorum.
The image of the tutelar god was usually kept in a niche in the steru
of a ship. — Iterum limits ^res«a. — Voces. Subjunctive of possibility.
11-20. Abundant and >excellent ship-timber came from Pontus, on
the Euxine. — The daughter of a far-famed wood. Pindar calls rain-
showers the children of the cloud. — The sterns were painted within
and without of different colors. — Puppibus. Fido governs either the
dat. or abl. ; here the abl., as denoting that in tchich the sailor does not
confide. — Do thou, unless thou oiceat fyort to the winds, beicare. — (Tu),
quae nuper (eras) raihi sollicitum taedium, (et quae) nunc (es) deside-
rium curaque non levis, vites aequora interfusa (inter) nitentes Cycla-
das. In the darkest part of the civil war, the state had been to Horace
an object of vexatious weariness, or even disgust; now, that he seea
hope in the midst of danger, it is an object of fond affection and no
small anxiety. — Non levis, litotes. — Nitentes. The marble rocks of
the Cyclades gleam in the bright sunshine. — The seas which roll be-
tween these islands are conceived of as full of rocks and shoals.

Oarm. XY,— Nerei Vaticuuum de excidio Troiae. (723-4.)

Argument. — Paris is carrying oflf Helen, when Nereua causes a calm, and thus
prophesies their fate : " With dark omen art thou carrying home her whom Greece
hath sworn to recover. Alas for the sweating horse and rider, and the deatlis
thou art bringing upon Troy 1 Pallas prepareth her arms and her fury. Under
Venus's shelter, comb thy locks, and strike thy lyre, and hide thyself in thy
chamber; but it shall not avail thee. Seest thou not Laertes' son, Nestor of
Pylos, Teucer of Salamis, and Sthenelus the fighter and bold charioteer? Meri-
ones too, and the son of Tydeus. from whom thou shalt flee panting, as the stag
fleeth from the wolf, — thou, who didst boast better things to thy paramour?
Achilles' wrath may put oflf the evil day, but the fire of the Greek shall consume
the homes of Troy."

%* Some (as Weber and R.) suppose this ode " to contain an allusion to Anto-
niuri, who was ruined by his love for Cleopatra, as Paris was by his for Helen."
It was probably, however, written simply as a play of fancy.

1-12. Pastor, i.e. Paris, once shepherd — Helenen. Horace uses
the Greek inflections in his odes, and the Latin (e. g. HeUnam) in his
iambic verses, satires, and epistles. Bent. — Notice the beauty of the
juxtaposition of the contrasted yfor^s perfidns hospitam. It was espe-
cially treacherous in Paris to seduce his hostess. — Nereus obruit celeres
ventos, etc. — Mala avi, with evil auspices. — Ducis (earn) domum,
quam, e/c. — MultO milite, with many a soldier. — QuantUS — Sudor.
« To man and horse what i,teaming fray ! " Matthews's Metrical Trans^

ODES I. XV. 275

Bl. : ''Ah! what death-sweat to war-horse and warrior!" Adest,
aicaits. — Aogida, (her) breastplate. "The aegis was properly the
skin of the goat Amalthea, the nurse of Zeus, which Zeus used as a
shield or as a breastplate. The word is not confined in use to the
original meaning, but is taken for a metal shield or breastplate worn
by Zeus, Pallas, or Apollo. It had a Gorgon's head upon it." — Carrus,
plural of dignity.

13-20. Nequiqnam = nequicquam or nequidquam. — Horace's de-
scription of Paris is drawn, not from Homer, who makes him brave,
but from later writers who altered the Homeric characters. Mc. —
Grataqne — divides, and divide, with thy peaceful lyre, sonys pleasing
to women ; or divide for women, pleasing songs with thy peaceful lyre :
i. c., sing and play alternately. — Feminis probably limits both divides
and grata. So 0., Mc, Y. There is much dispute in regard to the
meaning of divides. R. understands it of assigning to each of the
women the songs to be sung by herj others, as L., of distributing, i. e.,
" singing now to one, now to another ; " others, as N., simply of playing,
"taking part" (ncXi^itv). Y. cites Milton: "My muse with angels did
divide to sing." — The Cretan arrows, bows, and archers were renowned.
Strepitam, the noise of battle. — Celerem sequi, a Greek construction.
"Swift in pursuit." — Tamen, i. e., notwithstanding the protection of
Venus. — Crines — collines, i. e., thou shalt be slain, Br' Iv Kuyljjai
ItiyiiiK.

22-36. The gen. gentis (B., K., R., N.) is simpler than the dat. genti
(0., S-R., Mc, Y.), and better supported by MSS. — Non respicis, dost
thou not see behind thee? Lively poetic imagination. Cf. Vcrg, vlcn.
8, 697.) — So urgent, are pressing upon thee. The repetition of t»
strengthens the whole; many editors and MSS., however, read et. —
Furit reperire =/»tri« ut reperiat. A Greek construction, — Melior,
braver. Iliad. 4, 405. — Qucm tu, mollis (coward), fugies, uti ccrvus,
imraemor gramini», (fugit) lupum visum in altera parte vallis. — Sub-
limi anhelita. "M*anting heavily,' as the fleeing stag, with its head
raised in the air" (sublimi). Mc. "With head in panting flight sub-
lime." Mathews. — Taae. The omission of the noun is significant and
contemptuous. Supply some opprobrious word, as paramour, lemnn.
Diem. The (final) day, the day (of destruction).— The wrath of Achil-
les (the subject of the Iliad), which postponed the fall of Troy, is hero
described as shared by all the soldiers of his fleet. — AchiUei from a
nom. Achilleus, as Ulixei from U li reus. — Vozt certas hiemei, nfter
the fixed number of winters. — Ignis. This word is a tn»chcc, while
Horace everywhere else uses a spondee in the basis of a Glyconic verse;

276 NOTES.

but Greek usage justifies the irregularity. To avoid it, some editors
(as K., Br., F., M.) read, Per^amea* instead of liiacas, after Glareanus,
who says that he has MS. authority; no one else, however, has seen
this reading in the codices. Conjectural readings are Dardanias and
harharicas, either of which, 0. says, should be preferred to Pergameaa,
if any change is to be made.

Oaim. XVI.-Palinodia. (725-727.)

Argument. — Lovely daughter of a lovely mother, destroy those beautiful verses
how thou wilt. Cybele, Apollo, Liber, agitate not their votaries' hearts as anger
does, which is stopped neither by sword, nor by waves, nor by fire, nor by thun-
der. When Prometheus was bidden to take a part from every animal to give to
man, he implanted in our hearts the lion's fury. Wrath laid Thyestes low, and
hath brought proud cities to the dust. Be appeased. In the sweet season of
youth I was tempted by hot blood to write those rash verses. I wotild now lay
aside all uukindness, if thou wilt but let me recall my libel, and give me back my
heart.

*** Critics are not agreed whether this ode was or was not written on any real
occasion.

1. An English nobleman gracefully applied this verse in a speech in
the House of Lords, to America in her relation to England.

2-8. Pones quemcumque modum (end) voles (meis) criminosis iam-
bis, whether with fire or water. — There is a dash of humor in the par-
ticularization of the Adriatic. — Adytis, poet. abl. of place. — Incola,
its (the inmost shrine's) Pythian iudweller, Ai^oUo. — (R. : *" Pi/tho'a
indweller,' Pj'tho being an ancient name of Delphi.") — Sic. The only
MS. authority for «t (conjectured by Bentley, and adopted by F., M.,
J.) has been recently brought forward by Holder, in the Paris codex
10310 {ir) prima maim; and even there it has been corrected to aic. —
Aera, (their) cymbals.

9-12. Irae, sc. mentem quatiunt. — The best steel for sword-blades
came from Noricum on the Danube. — Nec — tumultu. Some (as N.,
Mc.) understand this of the actual falling of the skies; (cf. si /ractu»
illabatur orbia, III. .3, 7) ; but it is better to take it as a bold figure of
the descent of Jupiter upon the earth, with thunder and lightnings.
Observe the correspondence of the sound and sense in these words, in
which we seem to hear the deep roll of the thunder, at first loud, and
then gradually dying away in the distance. Br. tr. : " Nicht Zeus im
Donner herabrollend."

13-21. The story of Prometheus adding a particle from every other
animal to the clay of which he made man, is probably taken by Horace
from some older source, although it is not found in any other extant

ODES I. xvi. xvii. 277

author. Whether borrowed or original, Horace uses it in a sportive
tone. — Flincipi limo, to the elemental clay. — Vim, the raye. — Stoma-
Cho nostro, *' in our breast." — Ultimae, the oriyinal, (the last when wo
trace back). 0. — Stetere (from sisto) = ejr«^<^re. It carries with it
the idea of yi^erf«e#« and certainty. — A plough was sometimes drawn
by the victor over the ground previously occupied by the walls and
buildings of a city which he had razed to the ground.

23-28. Mentem = traw. — Celeres, hasty, V»//)€^<ow*.— Mitibug, abl.
of the instrument of exchange. C. 179, 3 ; H. 422, n. 2 j M. 259, obs.
2; Z.456. Tr. with the preposition /w. — Dum, »/o«/y. C. 217, 3. —
Auimamque reddas, and yive me back my soul (restore my spirits and
my peace of mind). Playful exaggeration.

Carm. XVII— AdTyndaridem. (725-727.)

Argument. — Tyndaria, often doth Pan leave Lycaeus to visit LucrctlHs, pro-
tecting my flocks from sun and wind; my goals go unliarmed, when his sweet
pipe sounds in the vale of Ustlca. The gods love me for my piety and my muse.
Here Plenty awaits thee; here shalt tiiou retire from the heut, and sing o the loves
of PeuelCpe and Circe for Ulysses. Here shalt thou quaflf mild Lesbian wine in
the shade, nor shall strife be mingled with the cup.

1-8. Lucretilem — Lycaeo, exchanges Lycaeus for Lucretilis. With
muto (construed with the ace. and abl.) the accusative generally
denotes what one give» but sometimes what one take» in exchange.
For grammatical references, see muto in the Indices, and note on mitibu».
Ode 16, 25. — Capelli», dat. of advantage. Cf. Verg. Ed. 7, 47 : »ol.
stitium pecori de/endite. — Olentis UZOres mariti, the wive» of the strong-
tcented husband, a sportive expression for the ahe-goats. — Yirides,
green (with venom).

9-16. Martiales, sacred to Mars. Aen. 9, 566: Martins lupus. —
The fistula corresponded nearly to the Greek syrinx, and to what wo
call the Pandean pipe. Mc. — Usticae limits both valles and saxa. —
Levia, a» shown by the metre. How does this differ in meaning from
liria t — Dig — cordi, two datives, one of the object to which, the other
of the end for which. — Hie, i. e., on my farm. Order: Hie copia,
opulenta honorum ruris, manabit tibi ad plenum (ex) bcnigno cornu.
The ruris honores are flowers and fruits. — "The cornu copiae, so com-
mon in ancient works of art as a horn filled with fruits and flowers, was
a symbol belonging properly to the goddess Fortuna, to whom it is said
to have been presented by Hercules, who won it from the river-god
Achelous. It was the horn of Amalthea, the goat-nurse of Zeus, who
gave it such virtue that it was always filled with anything the ownei
wished." Mc.

278 NOTES.

18-28. Fide Tela, oh the Teian lyre, i. e., in a love-song like those of
Anacreon of Teos. — Laborantes in uno, i. e., in love with the same
man (Ulysses). — Circe is called vitrea (= splendida, Formosa), " crys-
tal Circe," as a sea-goddess, from the glassy element which surrounds
her. C, with singular inaptness, lugs in modern metaphors in his ex-
planation "glassy, 1. e., beautiful but frail." — Lesbii, sc. vini. —
Duces, thou shah quaff. A. — Nec — proelia, i. e., nor shall quarrels
break out, as often at drinking-bouts. — Suspecta, suspected {hy him)
of unfaithfulness. — (Tibi) male dispari, {on thee) by no means his
match. — Incontinentes, impetuous. — Coronam. The use of chapleta
at feasts " is said to have originated from a belief that the leaves of
certain plants, as the ivy, myrtle, and laurel, and certain flowers, as the
violet and rose, possessed the power of dispersing the fumes and coun-
teracting the noxious effects of wine." The intense love of everything
beautiful, among the Greeks and Romans, sufliciently accounts for the
preservation of so graceful a custom : costly floral decorations are the
least censurable form of luxury. — Immeritain, " quae nihil commisit,
cur discinderetur."

Cami. XVIII. — Ad Quintilimn Vanim. (726 ?)

Argument. — The vine is the first tree thou shouldst plant, Varus, by the walls
of Tibur. Hardships are only for the sober ; wine drives away all cares. "W'ho
speaks of battles and poverty, when he is warm with wine? But that no man
exceed the bounds of moderation, let him think of the bloody frays of the Cen-
taurs and [.apithae, and of the Thracians, over their cups, when the appetite con-
founds right and wrong. I'll not rouse thee unbidden, beautiful Bassareus, nor
drag thy mysteries from their secret places. Silence the horn and drum, whose
followers are self-love and vainglory and broken faith.

1-13. Severis (from sero), subj. in an exhortation : the perf. is more
emphatic than the present would have been. — Vines were counted
among trees by the Romans, on account of their size. — Mite, genial. —
Catili substituted for Catilli for the sake of the metre. So Homer
sometimes ' A\«A£t5s for 'AY'AAtvf. — Siccis, the abstemious. — Omnia dnra,
not " all hard things," but the deity has made all things hard for the
abstemious. — Nam is here placed after the first words in the sentence,
like ydp in Greek. — Aliter, otherwise (than by the use of wine). — Te
supply laudaf. — Modici, temperate, opposed to excess : approving the
use, and not the abuse, of his gifts. — Super mero, over their wine. —
•♦Merum denotes wine in its pure and most potent state, unmixed with
water." — Cum — avidi, when the greedy (of wine) distinguish between
right and wrong by the slender line (slight boundary, Y.) of their lust»,

ODES I. xviii. xix. 279

i. e., by the slender distinction that lust so inflamed can draw. Mc. —
Candide, beautiful, "ever fair and ever young." — Qnatiam, etc. "I
will not rouse thee against thy will, nor drag to light thy mysteries,
hidden in leaves." There were sacred things contained in small chests,
cistae, which were carried in the processions at the Dionysia, covered
with the mingled leaves of vine and ivy. Mc. Quatiam would properly
be used of the instruments of the Bacchantes, the thyrsi and tympana.
Here it is transferred to the god himself. — Tene, restrain. — Bere-
cyntio. The rites of Cybele nearly resembled those of Bacchus; henoo
they are often mentioned in connection, or contrast. Y.

Oann. XIX. — De Glycera. (725-730.)

Argument. — My heart is recalled to love, which I thought I had put away
for ever. I long for GlycCra, fairer than marble, and the mischievous face so dan-
gerous to look upon. With all her strength hath Venus come upon me, and bida
me sii)g no more of idle themes, — the Scythian and the Parthian. Build mc an
altar, slaves; bring boughs and incense and wine, for I would soften the goddesa
with a victim.

1-16. Mater, Venus. — Semslae. Horace does not use the gen. in ««.
DUntzer. — Puer, Bacchus. — Lasciva Licentia, sportice wantonness.-^
The Parian marble is highly crystalline, and as you look at statues made
of it, you seem to look into real flesh, — your eye is not thrown off" as from
an opaque, lifeless substance. It hardens on exposure to the air, and is
the most durable of the ancient marbles ; so that the works executed in
it " retain, with all the delicate softness of wax, the mild lustre of their
original polish." — Protervitas, sauciness, petulance, coquetry. — Lu*
bricns aspici, i. e., dangerous to look upon, as slippery ground is dan.
gerous to tread upon. — Tota, with all her miijht. — The Parthians had
the habit of pretending to fly in battle, and, as the enemy pursued,
shooting their arrows or throwing their darts at them from horseback.
Quae nihil attinent, things that concern me not, things that arc nothing
to a man in love. — Vivum caespitem. An altar of this sort was en-
joined upon the Israelites in the wilderness, in preference to any other.
The word verbena was used for any boughs, herbs, or plants cmployod
for crowning the altar or for sacred purposes. — Tura. The best MSS.,
K., R., N., and Wagner (on Virgil) prefer this orthography. The tcsti-
mony of lapidary inscriptions, however, seems to favor <Au ra.— Veniet,
so. Venus. — In what case are mactata and liOBtial Prove by soaa»
ning.

280 NOTES.

Oarm. XX. — AdMaecenatem. (726-735.)

Akgument. — Thou Shalt have some poor Sabine, Maecenas, bottled at that time
when the echoes of the Vatican resounded thy praises. Thou drinkest Caectiban
and Calenian, but the vines of Falemum and Formiae are not for me.

1-12. The Sabine wine was sweet and palatable, but Horace calls it
vile, cheap, (vin ordinaire,) in comparison with the costly wines which
Maecenas drank at home. It was " a thin table-wine, of a reddish color,
attaining its maturity in seven years." — The canthams was a large,
double-eared goblet or drinking-cup, sacred to Bacchus, said by some
to have derived its name from its inventor, by others, from its being
made to resemble a beetle {Kilv^apoi). — Horace put up his Sabine wine
in a Greek earthen jar, in order that it might imbibe some of the flavor
of the rich Greek wine which the jar had formerly contained and with
which it had become impregnated. — Levi (from lino) sc. pice : I sealed,
lit., " I smeared." " The cork of the testa was covered with pitch or
gypsum, after the wine was put into it. Horace would at the same
time seal it with his own seal, and attach to it a label with the date
(indicated generally by the names of the consuls for the current year).
In saying that he did it with his own hand, he shows the pains he took
to celebrate Maecenas's recovery." — Datus {est). — After a dangerous
illness, on his first appearance in the theatre, Maecenas was received
with a round of applause. The theatre must have been that of Pom-
peius, in the Campus Florae. — Eqaes. Like T. Pomponius Atticus,
and like some illustrious commoners in England, Maecenas was con-
tented with the equestrian rank, and would take no higher. — TJt with
the subj. of result. — The Tiber is Maecenas's ancestral river as flowing
from Etruria. — Jocosa imago, i. e., Echo. — Vaticani. — The proper
quantity is Vaticani, but poets often allowed themselves liberties with
the quantities of proper names. — The Formian hills by metonymy for
the wines they produce. — Temperant mea pocula, ^aror mi/ goblets,
are mixed in my goblets. It was the custom of the ancients to weaken
their wine with water, the dilution varying from one part of wine and
four of water, to two of wine and four or five of water, which last
(Henderson says) seems to have been the favorite mixture.

Oarm. XXI.— Ad Ohormn in Dianam et Apollinem. (726-732.)

Some festival in honor of Apollo and Diana seems to have suggested these verses,
in which a chorus of boys and girls are called upon to sing the praises of these
deities, and of their mother Latona, and to beseech Apollo to turn the griefs of
war, famine, and plague from Rome and her prince upon the heads of her enemies.

ODES I. xx.-xxii. 281

2-15. Intonsum, with unshorn locks. Apollo, like Bacchus, was en-
dowed with eternal youth, and, like the Greek youths, wore his hair
long. — Jovi, dat. of the agent with dilectam. — Vos (tollite laudibus
earn [i. e. Dianam]) lactam fluviis, etc. — Nemorum coma, i. e., the
leaves of the forests. — Qaaecumque (coma), whatever foliage. — Al-
gido and silvis, poet. abl. of place. — The woods of Erymanthus are
dark or dusky, as consisting of firs, pines, and other evergreens; Cra-
gas is green, as covered with beeches, oaks, and plane-trees. Algidas
bore oaks and holm-oaks (ilices). The ilex has persistent leaves. -~
Tempe. Number and gender? — Fratema, his brother's, (i. e. Mer-
cury's),—Hie, i. e. Apollo. — Fersas = Parthos. They and the Britanni
mark the farthest limits of the empire on the east and the west.

Oann. XXII.— Ad Aristimn ruscmn. (724-730.)

Argcment. — An honest man, Foscus, may go unarmed along the burning ehoreg
of Africa, over the wild Caucasus, or the fabulous East. As I wandered careless
in the woods, singing of my Lalage, a wolf, such as Apulia and Africa rear not,
met me, and fled! Set me in the cold and stormy north, or in the burning and
uninhabited tropic, still will I love my smiling, prattling LalSge,

1-3. Integer vitae> {the man) upright in life. We can hardly da
justice to the expression in translation. Integer implies the wholeness
of character of a man of complete " integrity," totus, teres, atque rotun-
dus ; " he whose life hath no flaw." Yitae is gen. of respect or of nearer
definition; in prose we should prefer the abl. Scelerit is also gen. of
respect : in prose we should have the abl. of separation ; (so Sat. 2, 3,
213: purum vitio cor. — "Integer vitae est qui nullo flagitio semet com-
maculavit, sceleris purus ille qui nihil facinoris adversum alios ausufl
«St." — Mauris = Mauretanicis. — Gravida = plena.

5-23. Sive facturus (est) iter per Syrtes aestuosas, sive per inhospl-
talem Caucasum, vel (per ea) loca, quae, etc. — Syrtes aestuoiaf , ths
sultry Syrtes, i. e., the hot, sandy coast of the north of Africa, near
the Syrtes. — Fabulosns, storied, rich in fables, — Ultra terminnm,
beyond the boundary (of my estate, farm). — Curis ezpeditit, pocticol
for curis expeditns or solutus. K. adopts the reading expeditus. " It is
common in this measure for the middle and last syllable» to have the
same sound. Besides this verse, there will be found six Instance» in
this one ode, verses, 3, 9, 14, 17, 18, and 22." — Fugit. Present or
perfect ? C. 268, 1, Exc. ; 11. 590 ; A. S.-il, b ; G. 153, 2 ; B. 1432,— Iner-
mem. Composition ?— Quale portentum— tale portcntum quale, such
a monster as. Demonstratives are often omitted in Latin, if they can

282 ^ NOTES.

be supplied from the relatives. — Militaris, warlike, producing brave
soldiers. — Aesculetis, poet. abl. of place. The aesculua is the Tuscan
oak, Quercua eaciilus, now " found especially in Tuscany, and furnishing
acoins so sweet as to be much eaten by the peasantry." Dr. Bauheuy.
Jubae tellus, Mauretania and Numidia. — Arida, parched. (Do not
tr. arida nutrix " the dry nurse.") — Pigris, idle, sluggish, i. e., unpro-
ductive.— Quod latUS mundi = ^-jm/M jo^o^ant vel quam zonam. Z. tr.
a quarter of the tvorld, which. — Malos Juppiter, an unpropitious «ky. —
XJrget, broods heavily over. — Dulce. The "adverbial accusative," aa
it is ordinarily called ; i. e., an adj. in the neuter ace. put for an adverb :
a construction not uncommon in the poets, " especially with verbs which
denote an intransitive and external, sensible action" (M. 302). Some
scholars prefer to refer this idiom to the principle of cognate ace, sup-
plying a noun from the verb : e. g., dulce ridens, " smiling a sweet
(smile)." C. 124, n. 1.

*»* There la in the metre of this ode a serions earnefJtness, attained also by the
■Author of the well-kuowu mufiical composltiua "Integer vitae." N.

Oarm. XXIII. - Ad OMoen. (733 ?)

Argument. — Thou fliest from me, Chloe, as a fawn that has lost its dam, and
trembles at every breeze. I follow not as a wild beast, to tear thee. 0 cease from
following thy mother, for 't is time to follow a husband.

1-4. Hinnuleo. A diminutive from hinnus. Some (not all) of the
best MSS. give the reading inuleo, which is adopted by K. and R. — ■
Siliiae (silvae), a trisyllable, as Epod. 13, 2. So diaaoluo Catul. 66,
38 ; evoluiaae Ov. Her. 12, 4. See C. 277.

5-12. For if either the approach of apring (i. e., the early spring)
has rustled in the fluttering leaves, or, etc. A bold expression, but per-
fectly intelligible. Bentley's conjecture (p. 34 V. R.), adopted by K.,
is needless, and entirely unsupported by the MSS. — Dimovere, have
parted. — Treniit, she (i. e., the fawn) trembles. — Atqui, and yet. —
Frangere, to crush thee; a poetical use of the infin. to denote a purpose.
Wild beasts break the necks of their victims before they tear them. —
Tempestiva, of the right age, ripe /or.

Cariii. XXIV. —Ad Vergilinm Maronem. (730 vel 731.)

Argument. — What bounds shall be set to our grief for one so dear ? Teach u8
a mournful strain, Melpomene. Can it be that Quintilius, whose like Modesty,
Justice, Fidelity, and Truth shall not behold again, has gone to his everlasting
rest? Many good men mourn for him, but none more truly than thou, Virgil. In
vain dost thou ask him back. 'Tis hard to bear: but patience makes that lighter
vhich no power can change.

ODES I. xxiii. XXIV. 283

1-8. In desiderium there is a mingled idea of grief and longing fot
an absent object. — Sit, can there be. Subj. in a question of appeal, to
which a negative answer {none} is expected. — Tam cari capitis, i. e.,
/or a friend so dear. " Caput " is a term of endearment, as 'Janjv^jr Kdfa
Soph. Antig. 1, Ttvxpe, <piXn Kc(pa^ Horn. — Praecipe, teach (me). Lit.,
take up before me, lead me in singing, " lead ofiF." — Pater, (thy) father,
Jupiter.— Ergo, Ah! then, or. Can it be that." An exclamation of
grief and surprise. — Cui quando Pudor, etc. — Inveniet Horace fre-
quently has the verb in the sing, number after several substantives.

9-12. Bonis and nulli, dat. after a verbal in -bilis. — In— de08.
In vain, in thy affection, doat thou ask the gods for Quintilius, alas not
intrusted {to thee) on these terms (viz. that thou shouldst ask them to
give him back, after they had seen fit to take him). Others tr. pius
"in thy piety" towards the gods, instead of thy love for Quintilius.
Some connect/ru«<ra^iH«/ and some tr. non ita creditum "not com-
mitted (by thee to their care) with this expectation (viz. that they
ehould take him away)." Rule for poscis governing two accusatives?

13-15. The reading Quid . . . Num is that of the best MSS., and
adopted by K., R., N. — Blandins, more persuasively. — ArboribUB, dat.
of the agent, after auditam. — Vanae imagini, to the empty (i. e., bod-
iless, incorporeal) shade; an allusion to the state of the inhabitants of
the lower world, as described by Homer and Virgil. Z.

16-20. Virga horrida, loith his dread wand (the caduceus. Cf. I. x.
18). — Semel, once for all. — Non — reciudere, not indulgent (enough)
to unbar the fates for our prayers. R. makes precibus depend upon
lenis, not indulgent enough to prayers, to unbar the fates. — Compulerit,
etc., has driven to join (" has gathered to ") the «able flock (of the shades).
Ghregi dat. where in prose we should have ad or in gregem. — Dnrnm,
Bc. est. — Patientia, by endurance. — Nefas, impossible, a thing forl)id-
dcn by the gods. On the sentiment cf. Virgil's Qnidquid erit, superanda
omnis fortuna ferendo est. Donatus tells us that Virgil was accustomed
to say " that no virtue was more useful for man than patience, and no
fortune so hard that a brave man could not conquer it by wise enduN
a nee." Horace here "consoles Virgil with his own philosophy."

Oarm. XXV. - Ad Lydiam. (734-735 ?)

AROtJMEifT. — Tliy windows are no longer annaHed and thy slainbeni broken by
•aiicy youth» ; thy door lum« no moro on Itn hlnRo»; thfl^pronwdn \n «ili-nt. Now
'tis thy turn, in ik)in« lone alloy, on a dark niRht, with the winter wind blowing,
and thy heart on fire with lust, to cry for low loyerB,

284 ^ NOTES.

1-20. Jnnctas fenestras, i. e., the closed shutters of the openings in
the wall which admitted the light. — Ictibns, i. e., the strokes of stones
and other missiles thrown against the windows. — Multum, very. — Ke
tuo pereunte, while 7, thy {lover), am dying. Abl. absolute. — Levis,
denpised. — Sub iuterlunia, in the intervals of the moon, i. e., in dark
nights when the moon does not shine. — Order : Quod laeta pubcs gau-
deat magis virenti hedera atque pulla myrto, dedicet aridas frondes,
etc. — Pulla, dark-green.

Cann. XXVI. — Ad Musas de Aelio Lamia. (724-729.)

Argument. — As the friend of the Muses should, I toss care to the winds, and
mind not, as every one els^e does, the ahirnis of Tiridates. Sweet Muse, weave a
garland for my Lamia. All my honors, without thee, are naught; him shouldst
thou with thy sisters consecrate with the lyre.

1-11. Portare, "to waft them;" inf. for the part, in -Ams, portanda. — .
Quis, nom. Who is feared (a«) the king of the cold zone under the Bear.
Some take qui» as dat. pi. (= quibus, by whom), Ob. most perversely as
abl. — filetuatur and terreat, subj. in a dependent question (after
aectirus). — Secums («e and cwra, care-less), unanxious, unconcerned. —
Integ^ris, pure. — 0 sweet (muse) of Pimplea. Pimplea is used by
Statins as the name of the Muse (as here) as well as of the fountain;
and has ample MS. authority, although not found in most of the oldest
codices. — Mei honores, my songs in his honor. — Novis, Lesbio. Horace
was the foremost in naturalizing the metres of the Lesbian poets, Al-
caeus and Sappho, in Rome. Cf. III. 30, 13. — Plectro, lit. the quill
with which the lyre is struck, here put for the lyre. See n. IL 13, 27.

Cann. XXVII. -Ad Sodales. (725-730.)

Argumbnt. — Let barbarous Thracians fight ever their wine. Stop your unhal-
lowed noises, my friends, and let each lie quietly on his couch. What, am I to
join you? Then let that boy tell roe who hits got his heart. Will he not? Then
I drink not. Whoever it is, thou hast no cause to be ashamed. Here, whisper it
in my ear. — Ah! poor boy, into what a Charybdis hast thou been drawn! What
witch, what god, shall deliver thee ? Pegisus himself could not do it.

1-8. Natis, i. e., made, designed. — The scyphus was a large drinking-
cup, sacred to Hercules, used both on festal occasions and in the cele-
bration of sacred rites. — Thracum, sc. mos. — Verecundum, the blush-
ing.— Vino et lucernis, poetical use of the dat. after discrepat instead
of the aW. with ab. C. 177, 2; H. 386, 4j A. 229, c; G. 388, R. 1;

ODES I. xxvi.-xxviii. 285

M 247, obs. 3; Z, 469. Wine and lights indicate a nocturnal banquet.
Acinaces, a short dugcjer, worn at the side. — Immane quantum, this
phrase (lit. it is monstrous how much) is used parenthetically, and has
the force of an adverb, hoic vastly. Were it the leading clause, we should
have the subj. discrepet instead of the indie. — Remanete, remain quiet
{re). — Cubito presso. The ancients reclined on couches, at table,
resting <Tn the left elbow.

9-24. Voltia = vultis. — Severi. Pliny names three kinds of the
Falernian, the auaterum (which Horace here calls aecerum), rough and
dry, the dtdce, sweet, and the temie, thin. Falernian became fit for
drinking in ten years, and might be used when twenty years old, or older,
if of a good vintage. — Dicat, etc. (Then) let the brother of Meijilla^
the Opuntian, tell. — BeatUS (sit). — Cessat voluntas, is thy will reluc-
tant f Dost thou hesitate ? — Laborabas. The imperfect is used here
of an action already begun, but not until now apparent. In Greek,
Of.* hdvtif. R. The tense refers to the time when Horace asked him
the name of his sweetheart, and he was hesitating to tell ; or to all
that time in which he was the slave of that passion, without the knowl-
edge of his friend. 0. — Pegasus briefly for Bcllcrophon with PcgSisus.
Chimaera limits both ilUgatum and expediet.

Cann. XXVIII. -Archytas. (717, 718.)

Amonp tho various opinions as to the form and divisions of this ode, the slm-
pliMt and niowt Jfati.-»factory is that which asnixiiH tlie wliolo to one speaker,— the
•pirit of a Hhipwr<;<ke<] man, moralizing \i\u)u death and acking for Lnriai. lie
first addrcKSert Arcli5-ta8, near whoxe tomb Ihe scone iK laid; and )iu joins with him
other wortliies, whose wis<lom and preatiics» had not s;ived them from the tum-
nioM lot. Tln-n, seeinp a Beafarinj; man pass \>y, lie call» uiwn him to ca«t dust
upon his unbnricd l»ody, in order that he may have rest.

IIorac»''« own narrow escape from death by shipwreck (III. 4, 27) may havoaag-
gested to him this subject.

1-16. Te is emphatic, from its position: (Even) thee. — Parva mu-
ncra cxigui pulveris cobibent, conjine, cover (in thy grave). — Temp-
t&SSe, to hare explored ; percuriisse, to have traversed. — MoritUfO
agrees with tibi. — Pelopis genitor, Tantalus. — Remotus in auras,
thovfjh translated to the skies. The part, is used adversatively. — Tar-
tara used here for the lower world in general, not simply tho place of
the wicked.— Iterum, ar/ain ; onco as Euphorbos, and a second time OS
Pythagoras. — Clipeo — testatus, havinrj home witness to the Trojan
times hy taking down his shield. See Pantboides, Irid. P. N. — Judioe
te, in thy judgment. Abl. absolute. — Non POrdiduS auctor, no mean
authority. — Manet, awaits. — Calcanda (est).

286 NOTES.

19-36. Densere is an older and poetic form of denaare. — Nullum — •
fugit; no life has cruel Proserpina scorned (<o take). Or take caput lit.
as head, and /ugit as has passed by : alluding to the notion that no ono
could die before Proserpina, or her minister Atropos, had cut a lock of
hair from his head. In animal sacrifices, the hair cut from the front,
or between the horns, of the victims was regarded as the first off"ering.
Cf. Verg. Aen. 4, 698 sqq. — Fugit, perfect, like the gnomic aorist in
Greek, of a general truth. C. 192, c. — Devexi, of the setting. — Capiti in-
hamato, Hiatus. — Plectantur, defluat, subj.of wish. — Uiide=a quo, i.e.,
ah Jove, 0.; (vel a quibus, i. e., ab Jove et Neptune). Others : unde =
undeunde. — Neglegis (negligis) — committere, dost thou make light of
committing a crime that shall injure hereafter thy unaeserviug children f
Te abl. of origin after the perf. part, natis. — Fors et =fortasse etiant
(Hand Turs. If. 711). R. takes fors here as = inforttmium. — Jura, i. e.,
penalty. — Vices, retribution. — Freclbus inultis, tcith my prayers wjio-
venged, i. e., with my prayers for vengeance unheard. Abl. absol. of
concomitant circumstance, or, as we say, of "the situation." — Three
handfuls of dust were suflBcient for burial, so far as the satisfaction of
the gods was concerned. — Licebit curras, " it will be permitted thee
to run on," thou mayst proceed on thy way.

Carm. XXIX. — Ad Iccium. (727.)

Argument. — "What, Iccius, after all, dost thou grudge the Arabs their wealth,
and prepare chains for the princes of Sabaea and the fierce Mede? Which of the
fair barbarians dost thou mean to bring home for thy slave, or what royal page
for thy cup-bearer ? Surely, rirers shall flow back to their mountains, and the
Tiber turn again, if Iccius can desert his books to put on the breastplate.

4-15. Eegibus, i. e., chiefs or Emirs. — Quae virginum = ^uae virgo.
Sponso necato, i. e., whose betrothed thou hast slain. — Ex aula (regia).
Puer — aula, what royal page. — Montibus (dative) = arf montes. —
Socraticam domum, the Socratic school, especially Plato, Xenophon,
and Aeschines (the philosopher). — Hiberis. Spain, as well as Nori-
cum, produced excellent iron.

Carm. XXX. — Ad Yenerem. (720-731.)

Argument. — Royal Tenus, leave thy beloved Cyprus, and come, dwell in Gly-
cgra's temple. liet Love come with thee, and the Graces and Nymphs, and Youth,
who is unlovely without thee, and Mercury too.

4-8. Transfer (te). — Puer, Cupid.— Solutis — zonis. " The oldest
painters and sculptors represented the Graces clothed ; afterwards it

ODES I. xxix.-xxxii. 287

became the fashion to represent them nude ; but the latest practice lay
between the two, and they were painted and sculptured with loose,
transparent drapery. Horace varies in his descriptions." Mc. — Pro-
perentque Nymphae for Nymphaeque properent. The poets often take
such liberties in the position of conjunctions. — Mercnry accompanies
Venus as being the god of lively and entertaining conversation.

Carm. XXXI. — Ad ApoUinem. (726.)

In B. C. 28, Augustus dedicated a temple, with a public lilirary attached, which
h" hail liuilt in honor of Apollo, on the Palatine Hill, to commemorate hi» vic-
tory at Actium. This ode contains Horace's modest prayer on the occabion.

Akocmext. — What asks the poet of Apollo? Not crops, or herdfi, or gold and
ivory, or rich fields. Let those, who may, prune Calenian vines, and let rich
merchants drink rich wine out of cups of gold, favorites of heaven, who tniverse
the deep in safety. My food is the olive, the chicory, and the mallow. Let me
enjoy what I have, thou son of Lato, sound in body and mind, and let my age pass
with honor and the lyre.

1-20. Dedicatlim, i. e., on the dedication of his ahrine. — Liquorem
,= v{num. — The subject of premant is ii, supplied as the antecedent of
qiiibus. — Syra — merce, received in barter /or Syrian wares ; that is,
for spices, perfumes, incense, and other articles, which came from or
through Syria and the East. — Leves, liffhf, i. e., easy of digestion. —
Order : Latoe, dones mihi frui paratis {what I hare acquired), et valido
{and in good health), et, precor, integra cum mente, etc. Cf. Juvenal's
celebrated line, Orandum est nt sit mens saua in corpore sano. — Dones,
Bubj, of wish and prayer. — Nec — care&tem, and to spend an old age
neither dishonored nor without the lyre.

Carm. XXXII. - Ad Lyram. (724-730.)

AnoujreTrr. — I am asked to «Ing. If I have ever composed a song that shall
not die, with thee, my lyre, come, help me to a I^tln song,— thou, whom Alcaoiu
did first tf)uch, who, in the fi«'ld, or on the deep, ntill sang of lA\>vr, the Miwct,
Venus and her son, an<l Lycuf», with dark eycH and hair. Thon gl«)ry of Phoi'bna,
welome at the table of the gods, thou consoler of my toils, bulp ine wlionvYer I
shall invoke thee.

1-16. Si quid Insimas, if T have sung any uportivo strainR. — Et (In)
plures (annos). — Lesbio civi, i. c., Alcncus. The term citis in well-
chosen, as Alcaeus fought in the civil wars of his native island, and
was prominent in political movements. Dat. of the agent with modu-
late, the part, of a deponent verb used passively. (The striet foret^

288 NOTES.

however, both of the dat. and of the dep. part, can be seen : " thou who
first sang to the Lesbian citizen.") — Feroxbello, {though) fierce in icar.
Illi. The verb haereo is here followed by the dat. Horace also con-
strues it with the abl. with in, and with the abl. alone. — Mihi — VO-
Canti, be propitious to me whenever in due form I invoke thee.

Carm. XXXIII. - Ad Albium TibuUmn. ( 725-729.)

Argument. — Come, Albins, do not b« drawling pitiful poetry upon GlycSra,
because she prefers a j-ounger man. Pretty Lycuris loves Cyrus, Cyrus inclines
to Pholoe, who admires the vulgar sinner as the she-goat loves the wolf. Such
are Love's diversions, bringing opposites under her yoke together. So it hap-
pened to me, — a tender heart was attached to me, while I could not free Jiyself
from the fetters of Myrtale.

1-16. The phrase plus nimio modifies memor. — Cur (=quod, he-
cause), fide laesa {her faith to thee being broken), junior praeuitoat tibi
(i. e. in her eyes). — A low forehead was considered as a beauty, as looking
youthful ; the abundant hair of the young hanging over their foreheads.
The women braided their hair accordingly, as is seen in some statues.
Adultero — amatore. Abl. of means, cause, or occasion ; tr. with. —
Visum (est). — Impares, ill-matched. — Melior Venus, a letter passion.
Fretis — sinus, more impetuous than the waves of the Adriatic, indenting
into bays the coast of Calabria.

Carm. XXXIV. — Ad se Philosophantem. (727-731.)

In this ode, Horace shows the insufficiency of philosophy to supply the place
»f a religious faith. He had held the Epicurean notion that the gods exercise no
•^re over human affairs; but, startled by the phenomenon of thunder in a cloud-
less sky. Im heart was impressed with a sense of divine power, and he makes a
manly recantation of his erroueous belief,

1-16. Parous, niggardly, sparing in offerings ; infrequens, infrequent
in attendance on their worship. — Insanientis sapientiae, an unwise
wisdom, an unphilosophical philosophy, i. e., the tenets of the Epicu-
reans. A good instance ot oxymoron. — T\iQ paths he had left, to which
Horace is forced to return, are those of the simple faith of his child-
hood, taught him by his pious father. — Diespiter = Jupiter. " The
Latin Ju and Jovi, the Gr. Ztuj, the Sanskrit Dyans or Dyu (meaning
both sky and day) point to a common root, signifying bright. These
derivatives form a natural first term to express the idea of God — the
Author of light, the Lord of heaven. In the Vedas the combination
Dyauspitar ( = 'Sky Father') is as frequent as Jupiter in Latin."

ODES I. xxxiii.-xxxv. 289

M. M., and T. — Kabila is emphatic, contrasted with per purum. — The
Atlantean hound is generally supposed to mean Mount Atlas, regarded
as the western limit of the world, R. understands it of the Happy
Isles in the Atlantic. — Valet — gandet. A confession of that divine
providence and power which can put down the mighty and exalt them
of low degree. Fortune (15) is here spoken of as the minister of Jupiter.
Valet =po^e«e. Valere with the inf. is never found in Cicero, but often
in Lucretius and Virgil. — Hinc, from one, hie, on another. — Apicem,
the crown. See Lex. — Stridore (of her wings). — Sustulit, perfect of a
general truth. C. 192, 1, c— Posuisse. Aoristic. C. 246, 1, b.

Carm. XXXY. Ad Portunam. (727.)

ARGC3fEXT. — Qneen of Antium, all-powerfal to exalt or to debane, the poor
tenant cultivjitor worships thee, and the mariner on the deep. Ihou art feared
by the savage DacLin and nomad Scythian, by all citiei» and nations ; yea, by
prond Latium herself; by royal mothers trembling for their sons, and kings fear-
ing for their crowns. 'Necessity, with her stern emblems, goes before thee. Hope
and Fidelity go with thee, when thou leavest the house of prosperity, while false
friends fall away. Preserve Ciiesar as ho goeth to conquer Britain; preserve the
fresh levies destined for the East! It repents us of our civil strife and impious
crimes. Let the sword be recast, and whetted for the Scythian and the Arab.

2-15. Praesens, at hand, ready, able. — Faneribus, into funeral».
Instrumental abl. ; in prose, infunera. Horace may have thought (R.
■ays) of the signal instance of Aemilius Paulus Maccdonicus, the elder
of whose two sons died five days before he celebrated his triumph, the
younger three days after. — Dominam, (a«) the mintre^ii. — Te asper
Dacus (mctuit). — Stantem columnam, a figurative exprcpsion for
public security and the stability of the government. — Populus fre-
qaens, the thronging people. — Cessantes, the quiet {citizen»), good easy
souls.

17-40. Anteit, two syllables. — Saeva. The inappropriate readinj^
terra, found in some good MSS., is adopted by R. The emblem» of
Neccfsity here named mark the indissoluble and irrevocable character
of her decrees. The cl. trah. used for fastening beams in houses, were
of great size; "there is one preserved in the Museum at Florence,
weighing fifty pounds, made of bronz-c." Both wedge» and beam-nails
are powerful in breaking through obstacles; wedge-shaped blocks were
also driven into apertures to tighten the masonry. The iron clamp or
rivet (uncus) was used for binding two blocks of stone together, a hole
being drilled in each block, into which one of the two legs of th«
Her. 19

290 NOTES.

clamp was inserted and securely fastened by pouring melted lead around
it. — The white robe of Faith is an emblem of innocence and sincerity.
Comitem (se) abnegat. — Mutata veste. The Romans, when they fell
into misfortune, used to lay aside the bright robe they commonly wore,
and assumed one of a dingy color. Z. — 28. {Too) faithless to hear in
common {icith us) the yoke (of adversity). — Fudet (nos). — JJnde, from
what. — Diffingas, forge anew, recast.

Carm. XXX VI.— Ad Plotium Nmnidam. (718-730.)

Argument. — Let us sacrifice to the guardian gods of NuniIda,on his safe retnrn
from Spain ; he is come to embrace his dear friends, but none more heartily than
Lamia, in remembrance of tlieir early days. Mark the fair day with a white mark ;
bring out the wine without stint; cease not the dance; let Bassus out-drink Da-
mMis ; bring the rose, the parsley, the lily, for our feast.

5-20. Dividit multa oscula caris sodalibus. — Non alio rege, under
the same king, a familiar expression for the same teacher, (0., N., Mc,
Y.) Others (Ob., D., R.), understanding it of boyish games, when they
"played at counsellors and kings," tr. icith no other king than Lamia.
Faertiae = pueritiae. Syncope. — 9. The young Romans, upon coming
of age, changed the toga praetexta for the toga virilis. This change,
which was accompanied with marked rejoicing, might be made any
time after the age of fifteen. — Cressa, adj. from creta, "chalk." A
white mark, or white stone, distinguished lucky events or days. — Neu
(sit) modus. — Salinm, gen. plu. for Saliornm. Others make it an adj.
zrrzSaliarem. — Multi meri, gen. of description, " Damalis, great
drinker (as she is)." — Amystide, bumper. — Breve, short-lived. — Am-
bitiosior (ambire), clinging more closely.

Oarm. XXXVII.-AdSodales. (724.)

A congratulatory ode, on occasion of the death of M . Antonius and Cleopatra
(Y.) ; or a triumphal song upon the battle of Actium (Z).

Argument. — 'Tis time to drink, to smite the earth, and set out a feast for the
gods. We might not bring down the Caecuban, while that mad queen was threat-
ening Rome. But her fury is himibled, her fleet in flames: her drunken heart
shook with fear when Caesar hunted her from Italy as a hawk pursues the dove or
the hunter the hare, to chain the accursed monster. Yet she feared not the sword,
nor fled to secret hiding-places, but chose to die, rather than be led in triumph by
the conqueror.

2-16. Saliaribus. A Saliaric banquet is a rich banquet, fit for
the Salii, the priests of Mars. The feasts of the Pontifices were pro-

ODES I. xxxvi.-xxxviii. 291

verbial for profusion. On great occasions a banquet was set out in
place of a sacrifice, and images of the gods were placed upon couches,
as for the purpose of eating. Mc. — Tempus erat, it were time, it is
high time. "Long since teas it time. Osborne." — Antehac, dissj'l-
lable by elision {ant'ac). — Nefas (erat), — Regina, Cleopatra. — De-
mentes, marf, i. e. conceived in madness. — Contaminato, etc., with
her polluted herd of men foul with lust; an allusion to her eunuchs. —
ImpotenS etc., so violent (so wild) as to hope for anything. Impotens,
{aKparfii) signifies want of self-control, and hence violence. — Lyinpha-
tam, panicstricken. — Mareotico (vino.) — (Earn) volantem.

21-32. Quae, but she. — Nee lat. reparavit eras, nor did she make
for hidden shores. More strictly, reparavit = did she gain in exchange
(for those she had lost, i. e., for Egypt). — Asperas serpentes, venomou»
asps. Mc. — Atrum, deadly. — Corpore, instrumental abl. — 29. (^^0
the holder when she had resolved upon death. — Del. morte. abl. absolute.
30-32. In truth begrudging to the cruel Liburnian galleys that, mhhtd
{of her crown), she should be borne away {in them) in haughty triumph,
no tame-spirited woman ! — Libumis. The Egyptians had enormously
large and unwieldy vessels, the Romans small and Mght ones, like
those of the Liburnian pirates. — Privata deduci. The nom. with the
inf., by a Greek construction, instead of se privatam ; the subject of the
inf. being the same as that of the verb (or participle) invidens on which
it depends. — Triumplio, modal abl.

Oarm. XXXVIII. — Ad pnerum ministnmi. (724-729.)

Arocment. — I hate your Persian flnery. Ilnnt not for Into ro8«*«, !)oy; I car»
only for the myrtle, which equally becomes thee, the servant, and nie, thy master.

1-7. Apparatus. Preparations for a feast, as costly perfumes, oint-
ments, garlands, furniture, plate, hangings, etc. — Philyra. The inner
bark of the lime-tree, or linden, was used for a lining on which flowers
were sewed to form the richer kind of chaplcts. — Nihil — euro, / wish
thee to take no trouble to add anything, lit., busy, to labor for nothing
additional. The subj. without ut here follows the verb curo, in a khort
and unambiguous sentence. C. 209, 4j II. 499, 2 ; A. 331, f, K. ; O.
546, R. 3; B. 1204; M. 372, obs. 2 and 4.— Arta, close, thick, embower,
ing. The form is for arcta, the c being commonly rejected before t, as
in Lutatins (= Luctatius), autumnu* (from auclus), quintut, tortus, fuUut,
Y. and Munro, Lucret. I. 70.

292 NOTES.

LIBER 11.

Oarm. I. — Ad Asinium Pollionem. (724-727.)

Argument. — The civil wars, — a dangerous theme is thine, and treacherous is
the ground thou treadest. Leave the tragic Muse for a while, and thou shalt
return to her when thou hast finished the historian's task, 0 Pollio! advocate,
senator, conqueror! Even now I seem to hear the trumpet and the clarion, the
flashing of arms, and the voices of chiefs, and the whole world subdued but the
stubborn heart of Cato. The gods of Africa have offered his victors' grandsons
on the tomb of Jugurtha. TVhat land, what waters, are not stained with our
blood? But stay, my Muse, approach not such high themes.

1-8. The commotion of the citizens which began in the consulship of
Metellus. Motiim, and the accu.satives in the next three lines, are gov-
erned by tractas. — Ex with the abl. gives the time of beginning : from
the time of. In the consulship of Metellus and Afranius, B. C. 60, tho
first triumvirate (so called) was formed, by Caesar, Pompeius, and
Crassus ; and the origin of the civil war is traced by Horace to thia
event. The war did not break out, however, till ten years afterwards.
Vitia, {its) errors ; modos, its plans, measures, events. — The sport of
Fortune denotes the various vicissitudes of the struggle, and especially
the deaths of the two leaders, Caesar and Pompeius. — Graves = exiti-
abiles, destructive. The destructive friendships of the chieftains : an
allusion to the "first triumvirate." — Uncta, stained, polluted. — Cru-
Oribus. The force of the plural seems to be with streams of blood,
"sanguine saepe et multis locis eff"uso." — In writing a history of the
civil war, Pollio had undertaken a work full of perilous hazard, inas-
much as the passions and prejudices of the conflict had not subsided.
Opus is appositive to the whole clause Motum — tractas (omitting v. 6),
not simply to the object-accusatives.

9-16. Horace counsels Pollio to omit writing tragedies until he
shall have finished his history; delicately flattering him by implying
that if he ceases to write, the Muse of Tragedy herself will be absent
from the theatres. — Ordinaris (= ordinaveris), Mo« shalt have reduced
to order, i. e., shalt have described in order. — Grande munus, thy
lofty task. — The cothumus was a buskin or boot with a high sole,
worn by the actors of tragedy, and hence used as a symbol of tragedy
itself. It is called Cecropian because tragedy arose and was perfected
in Athens, of which city Cecrops was the founder. — Seis, defendants.

ODES II. i. ii. 293

Pollio was distinguished as an advocate. — Consulenti cariae, to the
geiiate (lit. ttie senate-house) deliberating in council. — Delmatico.
Pollio triumphed B. C. 39 (A. U. C. 715) over the Parthini, an Illyrian
tribe living near Delmatia, after having taken Salonae, the Delmatio
capital.

17-28. Pollio's graphic style transports his readers or hearers into
the very scenes of war. Y. — The cornu was more curved than the
litnus (on which see Note I. i. 23), being shaped very much like a C ;
it was strengthened by a cross-piece. With it the signal {cl-Aasicua)
was given. — Ferstlingis, i.e., thou deafenest. — 19, 20. There may
be an allusion here to the flight of Pompey's cavalry at Pharsulia,
when they heard Caesar's terrible command. Miles, faciem feri I —
Andire, etc., i. e., I hear them encouraging their troops and giving the
word of command. — Non indecoro, litotes. — Cuncta — Catonis, and
the whole world subdued, except the invincible soul of Cuto (Uticensis,
the republican). Caesar, on his return to Rome, celebrated five tri-
umphs,— over Gaul, Pontus, Alexandria, Africa, and Spain. On Cato
cf. I. xii. 35. — Jano. On her friendship to the Carthaginians cf. Verg.
Aen. 1, 15, 16. — Cesserat, (viz., after the Jugurthine var.) Its gods
were supposed to leave a city when its fall was inevitable. Cf. Acn. 2,
351-2. — Impotens, powerless to aid. — Victorum — Jugurthae, ha»^
in retaliation (rettulit), offered up the grandsons of the victors to Ju-
gnrtha, as a sacrifice to his shade. " Jugurtha is thought to be here
referred to in compliment to the Jugurtha of Sallust, which had then
recently appeared."

29-40. Quia campus, pinguior Latino sanguine (abl. of means or
cause) non testator, sepulcris (abl. of means), iuipia proclia (nostra)?
Hesperiae, i. e., Italian. — ZZ. Qui, interrogative adj. pronoun. — Bed
ne, etc. After a noble strain of sublimity and pathos, Horace, whose
constant habit is to pretend less than he accompIishcB, checks hi» muse
as over-forward. — Ceae, the Ctan dirge, i. e., such elegieR as were
composed by Simon ides of Ccos. — Munera, the tasks. — Dionaeo, i. o.,
•acred to Venus (the daughter of Diono), — Sub, in and under ; calling
attention to the overhanging roof. — Leviore plectro, of a lighter ttraiUf
"abl. of quality, as iv. 2, 33."

Carm. II. — Ad Sallustium Orispnm. (725-730.)

Aroument. — Silver hath no hcAuty while; hi<l in tho «-arfh, Salhi-.tiiid. Procti-
leiuH, for hirt generosity Uj hit hrcfhron, will live forever, and the man who rulM
the fipirit of avarice is a greater king than if from Carthage tf) (lailrm were all his
own. The dropsy grows and grows, till its cause is «xpelkd. Plirautes, fMtored

294 NOTES.

to his throne, is not happy ; he only is a king and conqueror who looks on money
with indifference.

1-13. Color, brilliancy, beauty. — Terris, poet. abl. of place. — Lam-
nae {= laminae), genitive. Properly a plate of gold or silver; here
used (perhaps contemptuously) for wealth. — Extento aevo, abl. abso-
lute of description. — Proculeius (Ind. P. N.) showed the aliection of
a father towards his brothers. — Auimi, gen. of cause, in imitation of
the Greek poets. — Metuente SOlvi, unwilling (lit. fearing) to be relaxed
or loosened. — Domando spiritum. " He that ruleth his spirit is better
than he that taketh a city." Cf. Milton Par. Beg. IL 466-7 :
*' Yet he who reigns within himself, and rules
Passions, desires, and feurs, is more a king."
tJterque Poenus, etc., and both the Carthaginians (i. e. the inhabitants
of old Carthage in Africa and of Carthago Nova in Spain) were subject
to {thee) a/one. — Indulgens sibi, by self-indulgence. The participle
denotes the means or cause.

17-24. Cyri solio, to the throne of Cyrus, i. e., to what was in Horace's
time the throne of Parthia. — The eighteenth verse is hypermeter, the
-U7n at the end being elided before the vowel at the beginning of the
next verse. The effect of the hypermeter (N. says) is to represent the
numerousness of the beati as contrasted with the word uni (22). — Po-
pulumque — VOCihus, and teaches the popidace to disuse false names. — •
Propriam, lasting. — Uni {to him) alone, quisquis, etc. — Inretorto,
not turned back (to gaze wistfully), unwistful. — Acervos, sc. auri.

Oann. III. -Ad DeUium. (724-730.)

Argument. — Be sober in prosperity or adversity, in sadness or in mirth. Where
the trees interlace their branches, and the water ripples in the winding brook,
bring wines and flowers and perfumes, while circumstances and youth permit, and
life is our own. Soon thou miist give up all to thine heir ; rich and noble, or poor
and humble, we must all come to one place in the end.

4-8. Moriture, destined to die. — Bearis = beaveris. — Interiore nota
etc., with (an inner, i. e.) a choice brand of old Falernian. The older
wine was, of course, further in the cellar {interiore) than the new, which
had been stored later. Nota, stamp, has reference to the titulus on the
amphora, indicating the age and species of the wine.

9-28. Quo (9 and 11), where. It is followed by hue (13). In the
V. R. (adopted by many editors) quo (9) is tr. "for what purpose,"
and quid (11), lohi/ ? Our reading is preferred by K., R., St. — Amant
attributes life and feeling and sentiment to the trees, taking pleasure
in making a hospitable shade. — Obliquo laborat trepidare rivo,

ODES II. iii.-v. 295

ttrugglea to haste, rippling, doton its winding channel. Hiyo, ablative
of cause. — Breves, short-lived. — Floras (for garlands or chaplets). —
Ferre jube, bid briny. — Res, circumstances. — Aotas, i. e. youth. —
Sororum trium, the Fates. — Atra, black, i. e., mysterious and deadly.
Saltibus, abl. after a word of departure. — Order: Nil interest, more-
risne (from morari) sub divo dives, natus ab prisco Inacho, an pauper
et infima de gente. — Cogimur = compellimur. — Urna, in the urn.
(Properly, abl. of means: but the English idiom would prefer tn.)
Order: Sors omnium versatur urn&, exitura serius (aut) ocius, et im-
positura nos cumbae, in aeternum exilium. — The hypermeter (27) rep-
resents the uninterrupted duration of time. N. — Cumbae, (dat.) in
the boat (of Charon). The Greek v is generally represented in Latin
by y, but cumba ia supported by inscriptions.

Carm. IV.— Ad Xantliiani Phoceuin. (730.)

Arocment. — Be not asliamed, Xanthliui; heroes have loved their maids before
thee,— Achilles his Briseis, Ajax his Tecmessa, and Agamemnon his Cassandra.
Doubtless thy Phyllis is of royal blood: one so faithful and loving and unselfish
is no common maiden. — Nay, be not jealous of my praises; my eighth lustre ia
hastening to its close.

2-24. Xantbia Phoceu, Xanthias the Phocian : an ideal Greek name.
C. 20 ; 32 ; H. 68, 3 ; A. 37 ; G. 72 ; M. 38, 3.— Prius, before {thee).—

Insolentem, haughty. Mt. tr. not wont to be moved. — Niveo colorey
abl. of quality. — Forma captivae Tecmessae movit dominam {her mat-
ter) Ajacem, etc.— Arsit, from ardesco.— Virg^ne (i. o. Cassandra). Abl.
of cause, or source; tr. /or. — Barbarae, i. e. Trojan. — Thessalo {the
Thestalian, i. e. Achilles) victore, abl. absolute. — Ademptus Heotor,
the removal of Hector. C. 251, 4; H. 549, 6, n. 2; A. 292, a ; G. CG7, 2;
B. 1357. — Fessis, wearied by the ten years' siege. — Leviora tolli,
(lit. lighter to be raised, removed,) easier to destroy.— Veaci AS an {thou
canst not know but that) r= " very likely." In this and the following
verses Horace speaks in sportive irony. — Certe, genu» (ejus est) regium.
Penates iniqnos, the unkind Penates, i.e. the unhappy fortune» of her
Aoit««.— Fidel em (sc. aliquem),one «o/«j7/i/«Z. — Suspicari (cum) cujuf
aetas, etc. — Clandere, to close. — Octavnm lustrum Like Thackeray
in his song, Horace has "come to forty year."

Oann. V.-Lalage. (724?)

Aboumem.— She's "o'er-young to marry yei."
6-24. Fluviis, poet. abl. of place. "The plural indicates, now in
this stream, now in that." — Order : Jam {soon) tibi Autumnus variui

296 NOTES.

(with his many hues) distinguet lividos racemos purpureo colore. — Mire
— VOltU, the distinction (of sex), obscured hy his /lowing hair and his
doubtful (" boyish-girlish ") /ace, would escape [even) thy keen-siyhted
guests, to their wonder. R.

Oariii. VI. — Ad Septdmimn. (718-729.)

Argument. — Septimius, I would that I might end my days at Tibur, or, if that
be forbidden me, at Tarentum. That spot I love above all others ; f here we ought
to live together; and there thou shouldst lay my buues, and weep over them.

1-12. Aditnre, ready to go with me (to Gades, etc., i. e., to the ends
of the earth). — Aestuat, tosses. — Argeo — COlono, built for its Argive
founder. So N. Others would call it dat. of the agent. — Senectae,
dat. — Maris, viamm, and militiae are best construed as genitives
defining modus. So 0. and N. Some editors take them with lasso.
We may admit here, as in many places, a double construction. — Unde,
i. e., from Tibur. — Iniquae (unfair), unkind. — Fellitis, skin-clad,
(to protect their fleeces from brambles and from the rains.) 0. Others,
fine-fleeced. — Fetam, subj. of wish, desire, hope. — FhalantllO, dat.
of the agent.

13-24. Order : Hie angulus terramm ridet mihi praeter omnes (sc.
terrarum angulos). — Eidet,* last syl, lengthened in arsis and by cae-
sura.— HymettO, i. e. to {the honey of) Hymettus, which is famed to
this day for its aromatic richness. — Certat, vies. — Baca (bacca), th9
berry, i.e. the olive. — Viridi Venafro, with green Venafrum (green
with olive-trees), i. e., with the olives of Venafrum. Venafro, dat.
after a word of opposition, contest. — Amicus. Life and sentiment are
attributed to the valley, which loves the god who causes its fertility. —
Fertili (active), giving fertility, making productive. — The wine of
Anion was so good that it had little cause to envy the Falernian grapes.
Arces, hills. — Ibi tu sparges caleutem favillam vatis amici {the warm
ashes of thy poet-friend) debits, lacrimsl. Debita, due (to friendship).
Calentem, still warm after cremation on the funeral-pile. " The prac-
tice of burning the dead, though known in older times, was not general
among the Romans till towards the end of the republic."

Oarm. YII. — Ad Pompeium Varum. (718-725.)

Argument. — 0 Pompeius, my earliest friend and best, with whom I have served
and sported full many a day, who hath sent thee back to us, a true citizen of Rome ?
We fought and fled together at Philippi ; but while I was carried ofif by Mercury,

ODES II. vi.-viii. 297

the ware drew thee back into the stormy ocean of war. Come, then, pay thy
vows unto Jove, and lay thy weary limbs ULjer my laurel. Bring wine and oint»
ment and garlands; choose a master of the feast; for I will revel like any Thrac
cian, for joy that my friend hath returned.

1-12. Tempus in ultimum, into extiemest peril. (So tempua fre-
quently.)— BrntO — duce, abl. absol., ichen Brutus was leader of thz
campaign. — Quiritem^ i. e. with the full rights of a Roman citizen. —
Pompei, dissyllable. — Prime, chief, foremost, best beloved. — Fregi.
"breviorem reddidi." — Malobathro, with oil of cassia or oil of cinna-
mon. 0. — Capillos, ace. of specification. — Sensi. Seutire is often
used when t"he obj. of the verb is something causing anxiety, sorrow,
or loss. — Relicta — parmula, having, none too bravely, left my poor
shield behind. To throw away one's shield on the battle-field, and flee,
was ordinarily held as very disgraceful ; but when an army was com-
pletely routed, as the republicans were at Philippi, it was proper, in
ancient as in modern times, for each soldier to save himself as ho best
could. Horace was guilty of no cowardice ; and the term non bene is
only a sportive expression. — Fracta, sc. est. — Minaces, threatening
(i.e. brave) heroes; (like Shakespeare's "frowning" Mars.) — Turpe
solum, " the ignoble dust."

13-28. With poetic fancy, Horace represents his flight as secured
by the aid of Mercury, the guardian of poets (II. 17, 29). To render
a man invisible by the covering of a cloud was a common device of the
gods (in the ancient poets) when they would rescue him from danger.
In bellum taken both with reeorbena and tulit. 0. — XTnda, the tide
of battle. — Fretis aestuosis, toith itn boiling waves. — Oblivioso, /or-
getful; used actively, "causing forgetfulness." — Obligatam (votia
tui.s), thy votive. — Levia, polished (in thy honor, 0., by use, R.) — The
ciboriam was a largo drinking-cup, shaped like the folllcule or pod
of the Egyptian bean (whence its name). — Venus, i. e.jacfus Veneretu,
the best throw of the dice, in which each talus presented a different
number, as (1, 3, 4, 6 ) ; the worst throw, canis, was when all four num-
bers came up the same. Cf. I. 4, 18. — Furere, to play the madman.—
Dulce — amico. " 0 't is sweet to fool, when friends oome home again.'-
Con.

Oarni. VIII,— Ad Varinen (Barmen «u/yo).

To a faithless woman, complaining that, in Hpite of all her peijury, sho continuoa
more beautiful and captivating than ever.

1. Juris pejerati, of perjury, the converse ofjutjurandum, "an oath."
In these two phrases, the part, in -dus accords with the idea of some-

298 NOTES.

thing to be maintained : the past part, is required to express the breach
of it. 0., Y. — Nocuisset. The ancients believed that the gods often
punished perjury by some mutilation or disfigurement of the person. —
Dente nigo, abl. of quality, completing the predicate with fierea ;
nnglli abl. of respect with turpior. — Crederem, J should believe (thy
oaths). — Publica cura, i. e., the general admiration of all. — Fallere,
i. e., to swear falsely by. — Bidet. " Jove laughs at lovers' perjuries."
Tibull. 3, 6, 49. Cf. Romeo and Juliet, ii. 2. — Minati. The part, used
adversatively : although having often threatened it. — Aura, a meta-
phor for injluence. 0. connects the term with the metaphor juvencia
(21), and interprets it according to the usage in Verg. Georg. 3, 251;
Notaa odor attulit auras. Y.

Oarm. IX. — Ad Valgium. (724-735.)

Argument. — The rain does not always fall, nor the storms rage, nor the frost
continue for ever, Valgius. I?ut thou mournest for Myste» from morning till night.
Mestor did not always weep for AntilCchus, nor his parents and sisters for TriJilus.
Cease thy wailings, and let us sing of the triumphs of Augustus.

1-24. Allusions to the Caspian sea and to Armenia, perhaps because
Rome, at this time, was full of the nova tropaea (18) and descriptions
of the East. R., Y. — Inaeqaales, used actively, roughening. — Aqui-
lonibus laborant, Jight with the north winds. N. — Viduantur, are
bereft. — Urges, etc. Thou art always pursuing thy lost Mystes in
mournful strains : i. e., thou art always bewailing, in thy elegies, the
loss of Mystes. — Neo — Solem, iwr when he (Vesper) Jliea the swift
(-ascending) sun. The same planet (Venus) is Vesper and Phosphor or
Lucifer, according as it is evening or morning star. — Bapidum. Any
one who has watched the rising of the sun in a cloudless horizon will
understand this epithet. Mc. — Ter aevo functus senex, i. e. Nestor,
who lived through three generations of men. — Farentes, sorores, (his)
parents, (his) Phrygian (i. e. Trojan) sisters (Polyxena, Cassandra,
Illona, and others). — Desine querellarum. A Greek construction:
gen. of separation, cessation. C. 145, 2. In prose, desinere is followed
by an accusative, ablative, or infinitive. — Nova tropaea, the recent
trophies of Augustus; alluding to the successful operations of the Em-
peror against the Armenians and Parthians, B. C. 20, and to the repulse
of the Geloni, who had crossed the Danube and committed ravages in
the Roman territories. — Bigidum, i. e. the ice-clad. — Medumque
flumen, etc. And how the Median (i. e. Parthian) river, added to the
(list of) conquered nationSf rolls humbler waves. Flumen, the Euphra-

ODES II. ix. X. 299

tes. In allusion to the same event, (the recovery of the standards of
Crassua from Phraates,) Virgil says {Aen. 8, 726) : Euphrates ibat jam
mollior undis ; " an instance of the curiously frequent coincidence in
expression and idea " of Virgil and Horace. — Intraque — campis, " and
how the Geloni ride up and down within the limits prescribed to them
along their diminished plains."

Carm. X. — Ad Licinium. (724-731.)

Akodment. — The way to live, Liciuius, is neither rashly to tempt nor cowardly
to fear the storm. The golden mean secures a man at once from the pinching of
poverty and the envy of wealth. The loftiest objects fall soonest and most heavily.
In adversity or prosperity the wise man looks for change. Storms come and go.
Bad times will not continue for ever. Apollo handles the lyre, as well as the bow.
In adversity show thyself brave, in prosperity take in sail.

1-12. Altum urgendo, (lit., by pursuing (we may say by tempting)
the deep,) i. e., by standing out to sea. — Nimium — iniquum, by hug-
ging too closely the unfriendly shore. — Auream mediocritatem, the
golden mean; ("golden," as to be preferred to all things.) Aristot.
Pol. 4,11. b /ifaog fiioi ^iXriaroq. — Obsoloti, decayed, "crazy." — Sor-
dibus, the squalor. — Invidenda, i. e., exciting the envy of others. —
Saepias, more frequently (than humble shrubs). — Fulgura, generally,
flashes of lightning; here, thunderbolts, (as often in Virgil, Pliny, Ta-
citus, and others. Bent.) — " They that stand high have many blasts
to shake them." Shakespet re.

13-24. Infestis (»c. rebus), in adversity ; secundis («c. rebus), in
prosperity. Abl. absol. of time and circumstances. So editors gen-
erally. Yet N.'s interpretation is plausible : " hopes /or adversity {dat.
of advantage), (e&rs for prosperity {dat. of disadvantage"). — Alteram,
the contrary, the opposite. — Bene praeparatum, teell trained and
steeled to bear whatever fate. — Informes, actively, the disfiguring;
the uncouth. — Idem, the same (power), or he alto. C. 116, 7; H.
451, 3; A. 195, e; O. 296; B. 10.34; Z. 127; and CBpcciiilly M.
488. — Male, 8c. est. — Olim, by-and-by. — Quondam, sometimes. —
Apollo BUBCitat (avnakes) tacentem Musam citharA. — Apollo is not
always stretching his bow, as a god of vengeance (cf. Iliad I. 4.3-52);
sometimes, friendly and propitious, he awakes the song of the Muse.-^
Idem, on the other hand, (thou) ; yet thou ; lit. (thou), the same (person),
Nimium to be taken with secundo. — Secundo, favorable. Derived
from sequor. Ventus secundus, "a wind that follows fast." See my
uote on Yerg. Aen. I. 207. — On the sentiment of the fourth and lixtb

300 NOTES.

strophes, cf. Scott's hymn of Rebecca the Jewess, and Thackeray's

lines :

" Come wealth or want, come good or ill,
Let young and old accept their part.
And bow before the awful will,

And bear it with an honest heart.
Who misses, or who wins the prize —

Go, lose or conquer as you can ;
But if you fail, or if you rise.
Be each, pray God, a gentleman." — Tfie End of the Play.

Oarm. XI. — Ad Qnintium Hirpinuin. (725-734.)

Argument. — Never mind what distant nations are about, nor trouble thyself
for the wants of life, which needs but little : youth is going, and age approaching :
the flowers and the moon are not always bright: why worry thyself for ever?
Let us drink under the shade of yonder tree. Mix wine, boy, and bring Lyde to
sing to us.

2-24. Hirpine Quinti, Quintius Hirpinus. The same inversion as in
Ctispe Sallusti, II. 2, 3. — Divisus agrees with Scythes. — Nee — pauca,
nor take anxious thought /or the wants of a life (aevi) that asks few things,
("Man wants but little here below.") — Levis, smooth-faced, beardless.
AridS. canitie pellente, etc. — Honor, beauty. — 11, 12. Why with plana
for eternity dost thou weary thy mind, unequal {to such cares) ? — Miuo-
rem, lit. too small for. — Sic temere, thus at ease, or thus carelessly. —
Rosa, i.e., with garlands of roses. — Capillos, ace. of specification. —
Ocius, first; (sooner than the rest). — Restinguet, will cool. — Devium
— Lyden, Lyde, (that) retiring girl. Devium, dwelling apart. The
term scortum is used sportively. — Maturet, subj. after die, with ut
omitted ; the construction being evident. C. 209, 4; M. 372. Religata
comas {ace. of specification) in eomptum nodum {into a graceful knot).
More Laeeaenae, in the manner of a Lacedaemonian woman.

Oarm. XII. — Ad Maecenatem. (725 ^el 726.)

Argument. — Do not ask me with my soft lyre to sing of bloody wars, of cen-
taurs, and of giants; as for the triumphs of Caesar, Maecenas, thou couldst tell
them better in prose than I in verse. My task is to sing of the beauty and faith-
fulness of Licymnia, who graces the dance and sports with the damsels on Diana's
holiday. Wouldst thou, for all the wealth of the Orient, give a lock of Licymnia's
hair, or one of her kisses ?

1-12. Nolis, do not wish. — LongSL bella. From A. U. C. 613 to 621.
The six nouns in the accusative (1-7), from bella to juvenes, (including

ODES II. xi.-xiii. 801

both,) are subjects of the infin. aptari. — The reading damm is given
by the best MSS., and adopted by Bent, R., K., N. Dirum has little
MS. authority, but is preferred by 0. and others. — The Sicilian sea
was empurpled tcith Carthaginian blood in four of the naval victories of
the Romans in the first Punic war. — Citharae, sc. meae. — Nimium,
i. e. excited. — Herculea, adj. where in English we more often use a
genitive of the proper noun. — Telluris juvenes, i. e. the Giants. (See
Index P. N., Giyantes.) — Unde = a quibua. Supply exortum or motum.
Fericulam, ace. by poetical license as the object of contremuit, which
verb contains the idea of pertimescere. — Tuque {but thou) melius dices,
etc. " If a negative proposition is followed by an affirmative, by which
the same thought is expressed or continued, que, et, or ac is employed
in Latin, where in English we use but." M. 433, Obs. 2. — Fedestribus,
prose. What is the literal meaning ? Horace is the first Roman (of
extant writers) to use this expression, in imitation of the Greek niljii
Aoyof. 0. — Ouctaque — minacium. An allusion to the triple triumph
(Delmatian, Actian, and Alexandrian) which Augustus celebrated on
his return from the East in the month Sextilis A. U. C. 725.

13-28. Ordo : Musa voluit me dicere dulces cantus dominae Licym*
niae (o/ the lady Licymnia). — Lucidum, adj. in the ace. used adver-
bially, and qualifying /idgentes. — Bene mutuis amoribuB, in truly
mutual love». Abl. of the respect in which, or, as N. says, of nearer
definition. Compare with the bene the use of Men in French. — Ferre
pedem, to raise the foot. — Clioris, in the dances (in private houses).
Ahl. of mode, respect in which, or nearer definition; as is joco (18). —
Dare bracchia. " Alluding to the movements of the dance, when those
engaged in it either throw their arms around, or extend their arms to
one another." — Sacro die, the 13th of August (Id. Scxtil.).— Celebris,
i. e., (with her temple) thronged with worshippers. — Num tu vclia
pcrmutare, etc. What answer does num expect? — Dum, as often as,
"ogni volta che." — Ad (tua) flagrantia oscula. — Facili saevitia. »pj</t
fff^ntfe cruelty, i. e., with a cruelty easily overcome. Oxymoron. — Oau-
deat, occupet. Subj. after a relative used adversatively : which vrrer-
ihelesa she delir/hfs to hare seized (from her) more than he irho asks thrm,
sometimes is the first {ifi^dvoi av) to snatch. Or quae may be taken = talia
quae. Some editors read occupat, but occupet is best supported.

Carin. XIII. — In Arborem, cnjns casn paene oppressns faerat.
(724-733.)

ARGtrMFTCT. — WhopTor planted thee, thoti trof, did no on an otII dny. and with
ImpiouB hand he reared thee. Parricide, guest-murder — there is no crime he

802 NOTES.

•would not commit. No one can provide against all dangers. The sailor fears the
sea, and nothing else; the soldier fears his enemy alone; but death comes often
from an unexpected source. How nearly was I sent to the regions below, where
all the shades wonder, Cerbgrus listens, the Furies are charmed, and the damned
suspend their labors, while Sappho and Alcaeus sing!

On the Kalends of March, probably 724, Horace narrowly escaped death by the
fall of a tree on his Sabine farm : the occasion of this ode. The poet passes with
great skill from a merely personal incident to general reflections, and a beautiful
picture of the honor in which bards are held iu the lower world.

1-16. Order: Ille et posuit te nefasto die, quicumque primum (to
posuit), et produxit (te) sacrilegS, manu, etc. Fosuit, planted. — Nefasto
die, on an evil day. See Lex. for the strict meaning of the phrase. —
In (3) with the accusative of the destined end. — Pagi, i. e. Mandela.
Et (5), even, Crediderim, I would believe. Subj, of willingness, read-
iness. (Or, I could believe.) There is an implied condition : if I were
told so. — Freg^sse cervicem, i. e. strangled. — Penetralia — hospitis.
The poet heaps up all the circumstances which could aggravate the crime
of which he is ready to believe the planter of the tree guilty. He not
only murders, but he murders his guest, protected by the sacred laws of
hospitality ; at his very hearth-stone (penetralia), under the images of the
household gods; and stealthily, i*n the night. — Venena Colcha, an allu-
sion to Medea. — Venena and nefas are both governed by tractavit.
Triste lignum, soi-ry log. — Caducum, destined to fall. — Man never
takes precaution enough, in regard to what he should avoid, from hour
to hour. — Navita Poenus. The Carthaginians, like their fathers the
Phoenicians, were largely engaged in commerce. — Neque timet caeca
fata aliunde {from any other source) ultra {beyond). — The last syl. of
timet is held as long by caesura and arsis. This liberty is the more
easily taken as the e is originally long, and only shortened by the sharp
t. E. ad loc. et I. 3, 36. See Ritschl, Proleg. in Plaut. pp. 182 sqq.
Although the vowel had ceased to be long in the popular pronunci-
ation, yet Horace would find it occasionally long in the older poets,
particularly Ennius. (Corssen Krit. Beitr. 562.)

17-38. Miles, sc. Romanus or Italus. ^u^^^Xy perhorrescit. — "The
soldier dreads the swift flight of the Parthian," because the Parthians
were in the habit oi feigning flight, and then turning around unex-
pectedly to discharge their arrows upon their unsuspecting pursuers. —
The Parthian {fears) chains and an Italian prison. (0., R., N.) BobuT
is taken by some commentators (D., Ob., Mc.) as meaning strength,
courage, "hearts of-oak." But the term rohur was often applied to
the Tullianum of Servius (Sallust. Cat. 55), the celebrated dungeon at
Rome; and a.s /light and arrotcs complete one idea, so chains and prison.

ODES II. xiii xiv. 303

Qnam paene vidimus, Hoto nearly did I see, or, how near I came to
seeing. — Furvae (an old word, used especially as an epithet of tho
regions of death), dusky. — Discretas (from discerno), separated (from
the abodes of the wicked). Cf. Aen. 8, 670 : secretosque pios. There
were three divisions of the "unseen world" (Hades): "1st. Erebus,
the region of darkness and mourning ; 2d. Tartarus, the place of pun-
ishment; and 3d. Elysium, the place of happiness. In the first Minos
presided, in the second Rhadamanthus, in the third Aeacus." — Sappho,
accusative. Comjilaining of the maids of her nation, with jealousy of
their transferring their affections to others. — Plectro. Tho plectrum was
a small stick (gilt, ivory, or plain wood) with which the strings of the
lyre were sometimes struck, instead of with the fingers. Mc. — 27,28. The
hardships of the sea, the cruel hardships of exile, the hardships of war ! —
Fugiias — tyrannos. Alcaeus had himself fought against the tyrants ;
the people hear no songs so willingly as those devoted to liberty and
patriotism. — Bibit aure, drink in with their ears. — TTbi, »tnt« /Aerc. —
Stupens jllis carminibus. — Belua centiceps, i. e. Cerberus. Horace
himself elsewhere speaks of Cerberus as triceps (three-headed), as ho
is generally represented. Hesiod calls him fifty-headed. An instance
of the freedom with which the old poets modified as they pleased tho
material offered them in their mythology. — Eecreantur, refresh them-
selves, take rest. — Quln et, nay, even. — Laborum decipitur, 1« beguiled
of his sufferings. A Greek gen. of separation. The frequency of Greek
constructions in the Roman poets is due in part to tho fact that they
made the Greek writers their models, and derived from them their ideaa
of poetic style.

Oann. XIV. —Ad Postummn. (726-730.)

Argcme:«t. — Time is Hlipping away, Post Dinus, and piety will not retard the
approach of age or death. No wtcriflces will propitiate IMiito, who kcepN evt-n tho
giantH Gerfon and Tityo» beyond that Btreani which all nui»t croBH, even though
we exi»OBe not ourselvcB to tho dangers of war, the BJsa, and climate. Thou mint
leave home, wife, and all thou haot, and tbino heir will Bquauder what thou \vui
hoarder!.

2-12. Labuntur. The lapse of time is compared to tho gliding away
of the waters of a river. — Rugis at senectac, indomitneqne morti. Et
connects two similar terms, making up one general idea, que add»
something further. Sec M. 4.3.3. — Trecenis, quotquot eunt diei,
taarig, xcith three hundred bulla (i. e., with three hecatombs) f»r every
day that passes. So scholars generally. R., followed by Con., con-
siders three hundred as said loosely for .365, and tr. teith {the taerf/lee

304 NOTES.

of) a bull every day in the year, or, more literally, " with one bull on
each of the three hundred (days), as many days as pass (in the
year)." R. objects to the hyperbole in " three hecatombs daily " as too
enormous ; yet if you are going to use an hyperbole at all, you may
as well use a plump one: "It's the first step that costs." 0. defends
the hyperbole by citing Liv. 22, 10 : bubus Jovi trecentia fieri votum est.
lUacrimabilem, tearless, unpitying. — Ter amplum, the thrice-huge :
having three bodies, and they being great and strong ones. — Tristi
uuda, i. e. the Styx. — Scilicet (scire licet, "you may know"), as-
suredly. Sometimes (but not here) ironical: forsooth. — Omnibus, sc.
nobis. — Terrae munere, the bounty of the earth, i. e., the fruits of the
earth, especially grain. — "Enaviganda, which must be at last sailed over.
R. — Beges, rich, as generally in Horace. — Coloni, tenant-farmers.

16-28. Corporibns, dat. of object of interest and anxiety, after
metnemus. Or we may have here one of those double constructions
of which Horace is fond : shall we fear for our bodies the south-wind
injurious (to them). — Danai genus, the family or the daughters of
Dauaus. — Laboris, gen. of the penalty with damnatus. C. 140, 2 ; M.
293, obs. 3. Te, general, addressed to any reader. — Cupressos. The
cypress was sacred to Pluto, and therefore placed around homes and
funeral- piles as a sign of mourning, and planted around graves. The
cyi>ress follows its master, being planted at his tomb. — Brevem, short-
lived.— Caecuba, sc. vina, tJiy Caecuban tcines. The plural denotes the
large store of wines he had. — Dignior, sc. te. — The wine itself is
csiUcd protid (superbo), as if conscious of its costliness and delicacy-
Tinget pavimentum, shall stain the pavement, i. e., shall be spilled
upon it by the wasteful revellers. — Better than the banquets of the pon-
tiffs, a concise expression for better than the wine quaffed at the ban-
quets, etc. — Superbo, potiore. Asyndeton. The eff"ect of the omis-
sion of the conjunction is to imply that potiore denotes the cause of
superbo : proud, as being better.

Oariii. XY— In STii Saeculi Limiriam. (726-730.)

Argument. — The rich man's palaces and flower-gardens and ponds are occu-
pying all our once fertile land. This was not the way of our ancestors, who had
but little, while the state was rich; who dwelt in no spacious houses; whom the
law bade content themselves with a turf-roofed cottage, and beautify the towns
and temples with marble.

1-20. Aratro, for the plough. — Holes, piles, structures. — Stagna,
especially fish-ponds. See Merivale's Hist. I. p. 84 (Am. ed.) — The

ODES II. xiv.-xvi. 305

plane-tree is called bachelor or unwedded because the vine was not
trained to it. The elm, on the contrary, was useful as supporting the
vine. — Nariam, a metaphor for perfumes, and for fragrant Jiowers,
Cf. " nosegays." Some tr. copia narium, provision for the nostrils.
Olivetis, poetical abl. of place. N. seems over-subtile in taking it as
dative. — Ictus, sc. soils. — Praescriptum (est). — Auspiciis, by the
examples. — Commone, the public property, (rd koiv6v, the treasury, pub-
lic lands and buildings, etc.) — 14. '' No portico measured by private
ten-foot rods " for no private portico, measured by ten-foot rods. The use
of a large unit of measure indicates the large size of the portico. The
emphasis is on privatis ; the public edifices were splendid, but the pri-
vate were not pretentious. The nom. decempeda (Priscian says) is
formed from the Greek ace. 6acdno6a. Other nominatives from Greek
accusatives are cratera, Ancona. — Excipiebat (received the rays of,
i. e.) lay open to. In such verandas the Romans sometimes took their
meals in hot weather. With great good sense, they used rooms with a
northern exposure in summer, and rooms open to the sun all day in cold
weather. — Fortuitum caespitem, the chance turf for the walls and
roofs of their cottages, or for rustic altars, etc. A far-fetched expla-
nation is adopted by D., R., N., viz. : that the men of old were wont
to lie, wherever it chanced, on the turf, exposed to the full heat of the
sun, instead of walking in shady porticos. — Oppida, (especially the
walls and temples.) — Novo, with new-quarried. 0. Hand tr. "novel,
and hence admired ; " R. " new, as substituted for old."

Cann. XVI. — Ad Pompeimn Grosphum. (723-731.)

Arouxent. — For re«t the Bailor and the Bavago warrior pray aliko, but wealth
cannot buy it. Riche« and power cannot remove cure from the dwelling;. Tlie
humble alone are free. Why do we aim at ho much happinuM in tliia short lifn,
and run to foreign lands? We cannot fly from ounrJvet nor from care. We
should be cheerful for the present, and not expect porfect hiippint'M. One man
lives many days, another has few. I may have opfMirtutilticM of happinciM which
are denied to thee ; and yet thou hast ample poMsiwuions, and I but an bumble
farm, a breath of tbc Grecian Muse, and a contempt for the vulgar.

1-19. Rule /or the two accusatives in the first line ? — Patent! -" alto,
medio. The abl. in -t is used adjectively. N. — PreniOS, overtaken
(by a storm). — Qixaxil = siinul atque, as soon as. — Certa, clear. — Fu»
riosa bello, bello, abl. of limitation, or of nearer definition. — Venalef
to be bought. — Oemmis, pnrpara (worn by monarch»), anro: symbols
of splendor, power, and wealth. — Summovet is the proper word for
Hor. 20

306 NOTES.

the lictors calling upon the people to fall back before the consuls. —
Laqueata tectSi, pannelled roofs; or /retted ceiHngn ; i. e. ceilings with
sunken coffers, which were often richly carved and adorned with gold
and ivory. — 11. It is a fine image, — that of cares flitting, like bats or
birds of ill omen, over the rich owner's head. — 13. {He) Uvea well upon a
little, on whose frugal board, etc. — Patemum salinum. " The povertji
Horace praises is not without its own modest refinements. The board
may be simple, but still it can display the old family salt-cellar, kept
with religious care." — 17. Why do we, with stout (confident, daring)
hearts, aim at so many things in a short life? — Mutamus, seek in ex-
change (for our own).

21-28. Aeratas, brazen-beaked. — Vitiosa, morbid. — In verses 21-24
we have a vivid picture of Care's pursuing men on sea or to the battle.
In praesens, with reference to the present, with the present. — Quod
ultra est, what lies beyond (i. e. in the future). — Oderit, subj. in an
exhortation, or subj. of possibility or propriety. — Lento, quiet. — Ab
omni parte, on every side.

29, 30. Instances of men conspicuously fortunate, yet with a sad draw-
back to their happiness. — Minuit, wasted atoay. — 31-39. Negarit,
negaverit. Circum te, etc. — Hinnit' Apta. — Apta =yu/icfa. — Equa.
Mares were preferred for racing. — Garments twice-dyed in purple were
particularly costly and admired. — Spiritlim tenuem, a slight inspira-
tion. (Some tr. teuuem delicate, fine.) — Maliguum, spiteful, envious.

Carm. XVII.— Ad Maecenatem. (728-734.)

Argument. — Why kill me with thy complaints? I cannot survive thee, Mae-
cenas; one half of my life being gone, how should the other stay behind? I have
Bworn to die with thee, and the monsters of hell shall not separate us. Our star
is one and the same. The star of Jo\e rescued thee from the adverse influence of
Saturn on that day when thou wert received with acclamations in the theatre,
and Faunus at the same time rescued me from death. Offer thy sacrifice and
dedicate thy temple, and I will offer my unpretending lamb.

1-16. Querellis = querelis. Horace had to listen to Maecenas's com-
plaints of his illness with fever and sleeplessness, and his apprehensions
of death, his fear of which was great. — Amicum est (^«Adv tan) =
placet, it is agreeable. — Obire, sc. diem supremum, to die. — Notice in
granc?e cZecus the repetition of the same sound, as in omne nefas, animo
«loventes. III. 4, 68. — Maturior, a too early stroke. — Altera (pars).
Neither equally dear (to myself), nor surviving entire. — Utramque rui-
nam, the fall (death) of us both. — Parati carpere supremum iter

ODES II. xvii. xviii. 307

OOmites, (a») companions. — (li.j There is a general concurreuce of the
most judicious editors in giving the reading Gyas; but I am half in-
clined, with R., to follow the best AISS., and read gigas; the allusion
will then be to Briareus or Aegaeon. — Placitum, sc. eat.

17-32. Whatever the constellation under which I was born, whether
Libra, Scorpio, or Capricornus, my star coincides with that of Maecenas,
for our fortunes are one. — Aspicit, i. e. as the ruling star of my horo-
scope: "presides over my fate." — Pars violenlior, a» the more potent
part (constellation) of my nativity (or horoscope; i. e. of the heavenly
bodies in the ascendant at my birth ). — Capricornus is called the ruler
of the western wave, because its rising and setting were usually attended
with storms in the Mediterranean. — "In astrology Libra, Jupiter,
Venus, and Luna were deemed favorable, while Scorpios, Capricornus,
Saturnus, and Mars were regarded as inauspicious." — Nostrum, gen.
pi. — SatumO — eripuit, shining in opposition to impious Saturn, rescued
thee (from him). Impius refers to Saturn's cruelty towards his children.
Laetum ter crepuit SOnum, thrice raised the sound of joy. See I. 20,
3, and note. — Cerebro governed by illapsus. — Sustulerat, had slain.
The indicative in the apodosis (where we might have expected the subj.
tustulisset) gives liveliness to the narration, and emphasizes the certainty
with which his death would have followed the fall of the tree, had not
Faunus interposed. It represents a thing (C. 215, 4, 3) as if it bad
already occurred, in order to ahow how near it was to happening. — In
the last three verses there is a graceful allusion to the difTercuce between
Maecenas and Horace in wealth. Each is to show bis gratitude to the
gods by offerings proportioned to bis means.

Carm. XVIII. — Ad Avarum. (726-730. )

Argument. — No gold in my roof, no niarblo in my hall, no palace haTe I, nor
female client» to nerve me ; but I have honenty and underntandinK, and, though I
be poor, I am courted by the rich : what more should I ai*k of the gfxlH or my
friend, content with my BinRlo Pabine CHtate? Dnyrt arc passing on, and, though
rffu\y to drr)p into thy grave, thou art building and «tretching thy borders, niid
tearing np the landmarks of thy client, ancl driving him from IiIh liomi-. lint to
what pnrpose? To Iladeo thou muHt go in the end: the earth opens to rich and
pimr; Prometheus the crafty, and Tantalus the proud, they cannot oncaiK»; and
the poor man finds in death a release from his tolls, whether ho seek it or nut.

1-16. Ebur is explained by Acr. and many editors m used for ebnr'
neum to agree with lacunar. Better R., who, translating it as a nonn,
txndcrstands it of ivory chairs and couches, and of panels or ornaments

308 NOTES.

of ivory on the walls of the apartment, — perhaps also of ivory statues.
Lacunar. A ceiliug with coffers or sunken panels. See note on II. 16, 11.
Trabes, blocks, beams, (i. e. the architrave) of white Hymettiaa
marble. — The Numidian marble {ultima recisas Africa) was golden-
yellow, and is now called giallo antico. Variety was affected in the
marbles with which luxurious houses were adorned, " The white marble
most esteemed by the Romans was obtained from Hymettus, Pentelicus,
and Paros, and from Carrara (the Lunense Italicum) ; the yellow from
Numidia and Libya, now called giallo antico ; the green from Taenarus;
the white with red veins and spots from Synnada and Mygdonia, and
that with green veins and spots from Carystus." I was shown in the
mineralogical museum of the Collegio della Sapienza at Rome a collec-
tion of «i.r hundred varieties of marbles and other costly building-stones
from the ruins of the ancient edifices of the citj'. —And I have not, aa
a stranger-heir, taken possession of the palace of an Attains. — Trahunt,
weave. Some tr. trail, as an allusion to the trailing robes of noble
dames iXKiainenXoi. Purple robes were very costly. — Honestae, well-
born. The dignity of the patron is increased, by representing even his
dependants (clientae) as of good birth. — Fides, integrity, good faith.
Some tr. lyre. — A kindly vein of genius. The metaphor in vena is
taken from mines of the precious* metals. — Me petit, seeks my com-
pany.— Amicum, i. e. Maecenas. — 11-13. Two instances of verbs of ask-
ing, etc., governing two accusatives. — XJnicis Sabinis (praediis), with
my Sabine (farm) alone. — Pergfunt interire, haste to wane. L.

17-40. Tu, (i. e. any luxurious old man). Mc. — Thou art letting out
contracts for the cutting of marble, (to ornament thy house, particu-
larly in the way of wall-coating or floors.) — Sub ipsum funus, i. e. on
the very verge of death. — Bais (Bails), at Baiae.— Summovere litora,
to remove {push out) the shores, i. e. to erect moles on which to build
houses in the sea itself. The ruins of such substructions are still vis-
ible in the bay at Baiae. — Parum — ripa, not rich enough with the
shore of the main land. — Kipa for litore. — What that thou art always
removing the neighboring landmarks, i. e., what shall I say of this, that,
etc. This crime was denounced by the Twelve Tables. — Sordidos,
squalid, meanly clad. — Yet no mansion awaits the rich lord more surely
than {the one) destined {for him) in the bounds of Orcus. Fine, poetically
for finibus, (cf. Atlanteusquejinis, i. 34, 11), in the bounds, i. e. in the realm.
Poetical abl. of place. So R. Orelli also takes destinatd as agreeing
with aula understood, but translates " fine destinata " {than that)
bounded by the limits of Orcus. Y., with the same construction as
Orelli, tr. than that determined by the end {or final jtower) of Orcus : an

ODES II. xviii. xix. 309

unauthorized use of fine. Others, than the destined limit of Orcm ;
against which it is urged that fini^ is seldom fem, in the golden age,
except in quae finis and qunm finem (to avoid the repetition of the same
vowel-sounds). Others still make destinata nom. agreeing with aula :
" No destined hall awaits the rich lord more surely than the bounds of
Orcus : " one of the objections to which is the combination of three
adjectives with a single noun. The reading sede is found only in a
few MSS.^ and (although adopted by B. and M.) is generally regarded
as a gloss. — Quid ultra tondis, "why dost thou strive for more?" —
Aequa, impartial. — Recluditur, passive as middle, (is opened,) opens.
Begum, i. e. the wealthy and powerful. — Pue-ris, two syllables, by
synairesis. — Satelles Orci, Charon. — Fromethea. Horace alludes
here to some legend which has not come down to us. — Hio refers
to Orci. He, i. e. Orcu?, or Pluto. — Tantali genus, i. c. Pelops,
Atreus, Agamemnon, Orestes. R. understands it of Pelops alone,
taking genus as the generic word used instead of the particular word
filium. — Levare depends upon vocatns, and denotes the purpose. N.
governs it by audit. — Vocatus atque non vocatus, audit. OxymSron.

Oarm. XIX. — In Bacchum. (724 ?)

A hymn to Bacchus, almost dithyrambic in its enthusiaBm.

Aroumewt. — Among the far bills I saw Bacchus — 0 wonderful ! — reciting, and
the Nymphs learning, and the Satyrs all attention. Awe is freeh in my heart;
the gfxl is within me, and I am troubled with joy. 0 spare me, dread Liber! It
is pa^t, and I am free to sing of the Bacchanals; of fountains of wine and milk
and honey; of Ariadne; of Penthciis and Lycnrgus; how thou tiimedHtthc watem
of the Flast, and dost sport with the Thracian nymphs ; how thou hurlodst the giant
from heaven, and how Cerberus did crouch to thee, and lick thy feet.

1-17. Carmina, his mystic hymns. — Acntas, pointed. — Lucretiai
also (IV. 582) calls the Satyrs cnpripedes ; they are generally repre-
sented with human feet. — £u-oe {do}), two syllablcfi. — Turbidum,
adverbial accusative. So dulce ridentem, inerpletum Inrrimnns (Vcrg.)—
Gravi, mighty, potent. — (9 sqq.) A sudden transition from the poot'f
agitation and terror at the sight of the god, to a calm and confidcnoe
in which he feels that he is permitted to sing the praises of the deitjr.
Pervicaces, persistent in Bacchic fury and in the dance. — Baochllt
(Dionysos) as the Nature-God caused streams of wine, milk, and honey
to flow forth, at the stroke of the thyrsos held by his followers.— TrUll-
cis, abl. of source after lapsa.— Iterare, to recount (rather than repeat).
Beatae, beatified, apotheosized. — Conjugis, i. e. Ariadne. HonoreiHi

310 NOTES.

the ornament, i. e. her crown, which is one of the constellations. — Non
leni = graviasima. Litotes. — Amnes. It was said that when Bacchus
crossed the Hydaspen and the Orontes, he caused their waves to flow
back by touching them with his thyrsos, and crossed dry-shod. Sup-
ply with mare barbamm (i. e. the Indian ocean) aedaa or tranquillis.
XTvidus, " bedewed with wine."

20-32. Sine fraade, without injury (to them,) i. e. to the Bistonidae.
Ehoetum. Cf. Verg. Georg. 2, 466. The word Rhoetna seems to be
preferred here on account of the repetition of the sound in retorsisti. —
Parentis, of {thy) father^ Jupiter. — Leonis. The story of Bacchus
taking the form of a lion in the battle with the giants, is from a source
unknown to us. In the Homeric hymn, Bacchus assumes the form of
a lion when he avenges himself upon the Tyrrhenian pirates. — (25-27).
The four nouns in these lines are in the dative. — Ferebaris, thou wert
reported. — Yet thou wert at once (idem) the centre of peace and of war,
Doering tr. medias the arbiter, or mediator ; D., 0., R., "equally
adapted for," between peace and war, and equally ready to turn to one
or the other. Mc. and Y. take idem as predicate : " Thou tcert the same
in the midst of (whether engaged in) peace or war." — Insons, harm-
less, without harming thee. — Coma. The horn was a symbol of strength
and power. R. takes it of the horn of plenty, borne in the hand in
vase-pictures (see E. Gerhard) by Liber j(^6vioi and fiiavK- — Atterens
oandam (sc. in solo), rubbing his tail on the ground, good-naturedly, and
fawning. "There is a notion of pleasure and tameness in this action.
As thou came he gently wagged his tail, as thou departed — tui
recedentis — he licked thy feet." — Ore trilingni. The poet as-
cribes to Cerberus three heads and three mouths. N. cites Tibul. iii.
4, 88 : cui tres sunt linguae tergeminumque caput. R. agrees with Naeke,
who says (Opuscul. I. p. 76) that "one mouth" is here denoted, "in
which there are three tongues or a three-forked tongue." — Pedes teti-
gitque crura = pedes cruraque tetigit. Que is sometimes removed from
the word to which it should belong, to some word common to both
members of the sentence, usually the verb. So verse 28 : pacis eras
mediusque belli. M. 474., f ; C. 259, 17, n. 1.

Oarm. XX. — Ad Maecenatem. (730-735.)

In a sportive style, and yet with an underlying serious feeling, Horace predicts
his immortality. According to Aristotle, the souls of poets on their deatli pass
over into swans, which still possess the gift of song.

Argument. — On a fresh, strong wing shall I soar to heaven, far above envy and
the world. Whom thou, dear Maecenas, delighteet to honour, Styx hath no powei

ODES II. xix.-iii. i. 311

to detain. Eyen now my plumage is springing, and I am ready to fly away and
sing in distant places, and to teath barbarous nations. No wuiliugs lor me; away
with the empty honours of a tomb.

1-24. Tenui, slender. — Biformis, i. e. at once swan and poet. —
Major invidia, superior to envy. — Sanguis, i. e. the son. Quein vocas
(ad te), xchom thou invitest, or " whom thou callest for," i. e. whose soci-
ety thou desirest. R., Con., Bl., and others, following Acr., take
'•dilecte" as the factitive object of vocas, whom thou stylest *^ beloved."
P., thinking that Horace wrote this ode just after Maecenas's death and
jast before his own, tr. quern vocas " whom thou summonest " to join
thee. — Cmribus, dat. of reference. As he passes from a la-ger form
to a smaller, the skin contracts and becomes rough {asperae) and wrin-
kled.— Supeme refers to his head and neck. — 13. With K. and N.,
I follow some of the best MSS. in adopting notior instead of the usual
reading ocior. Swiftness is not here in point, but fame. There are
metrical diflBculties, too, in the old reading, to avoid which Bentlcy pro^
posed tutior, and others doctior, cautior, laetior, audeiitior, ornatior :
gratuitous conjectures. — Peritus, learned. "During the last cen-
tury of the republic, a love of literature was fostered in Spain. Ser-
torius did much to encourage it. Of Latin authors, Quintilian probably,
Martial certainly, was a Spaniard. So was Hyginus, the librarian of
the Palatine, and Columella, and Seneca, and Lucan." Some editors
take peritua with all the proper names, interpreting it " these barbaric
nations will become versed in me." — Horace's anticipations of future
fame have been more than realized. — Inani fnnere, my empty funeral;
a funeral where there is no corpse. — Naeniae, dir<jcs. — Tarpes, i. c. dit-
/ujurinrj the countenance, breast, and garments. — Supervaoaoi. Horace
is the first, of the writers who have come down to us, to use this word.
Cicero always prefers supervacaneus. 0,

LIBER III.

Oarm. I, — Ad Ohormn Virginum et Pnerorum. (726-736.)

AR0UJIE5T. — The worldly I despise, but hare new precepts for the young. Kings
rule over their people, but are themselves the subjects of Jove. One may be richer,
another nobler than his fellows, but all alike must die. No indulgence can gel
sleep for him who has a sword ever hanging over him, but sleep disdains not the
dwelliiigH of the poor. He who \n content with a little, fcan» not storm nor drought.
The rich man builds him houses on the very watern, but anxiety follows him, go
where he will. If, then, the luxuries of the wealthy cure not grief, why should
I build me great houses, or seek to change my lot?

312 NOTES.

This and the five following Odes appear to hare been written about B. C. 26,
when Augustus was anxious to effect the social reformation of his subjects. The
first stanza of this Ode is generally regarded as an introduction to the whole six.

1-24. Profaimm VOlg^S, the uninitiated herd, the vulgar rabble. —
Favete Unguis {tv4>rjnuTt), " be propitious with your tongues : " speak
good words, or none at all ; here rather the latter, observe a religious
silence. A formula used by priests before performing a religious rite.
Order : (Ego), Musarum sacerdos, canto virginibus puerisque carmina
non prius audita. En sacerdos appears a little of Horace's conception
of the sacredness of the office of a bard, — some recognition, perhaps,
of the responsibilities which the gift of genius involves, — Virginibus
puerisque, dat. of advantage. The moral precepts of this ode are
especially adapted for the right training of the young, in whom alone
lay Horace's hopes for better times. — Order: (Imperium) regum timen-
dorum (est) in proprios greges {over their oicn herds, i. e. subjects).
Homer calls kings shepherds of the people ; a kindlier expression than
calling the people the kings' own flocks and herds. — Clari giganteo
triumpho, renowned for his triumph over the giants; abl. of cause. —
Supercilio, with Ms brow. A variation from the ordinary phrase, by
Ms nod. Cf. Iliad. 1, 528; Catul. 64, 204; Aen. 9, 106.— Est ut, etc.
It happens that one man marks out the rows of his vines by furrows
drawn to greater length than another (viro), i. e. possesses wider do-
mains. C. 208, n. — One candidate (for the consulship) is of nobler birth
(generosior), another superior in character and reputation, another has
a greater croiod of retainers. Campum, the Campus Martius, in which
the elections were held. — Sortitur imos, determines the lot of the dis-
tinguished and the lowest ; {her) capacious urn keeps every name in mo-
tion. When a man's name was shaken out of the urn, he died. (11.
iii. 25-28.) — Destrictus ensis. An allusion to the story of Damo-
cles (see Index P. N.). — Avium. The wealthy Romans kept singing-
birds " in aviaries within their houses. Their notes, and the sound of
distant music, and the trickling of water, were among the artificial
means for soothing the nerves and inducing sleep, practised by the lux-
urious." — The gen. agrestium virorum limits domes. 0. prefers to
take it with both somnus and domos. — Tempo is used here for any beau-
tiful shady vale. What is its number and gender ?

25-48. Quod satis est, {only) a sufficiency. — Vineae fundusque, etc.,
non (sollicitant). — Mendax, deceitful, i. e. which disappoints his ex-
pectations.— Culpante. Horace represents the trees or vines, when
reproached by their owner for their unfruitfulness, as throwing the
blame upon the rains, droughts, or severe winters. — Contracta, etc.
With bold hyperbole, Horace says the fishes feel that the sea has

ODES III. i. ii. 313

been made narrower by the structures whose foundations have been
laid in the deep. — Hue, hither, i. e. into the sea. — Caementa, here
large, unhewn stones, used for foundations. — Frequens cum famulis,
i. e. " surrounded by many workmen and slaves." — Terrae fastidiosus,
discontented with the land. — Minae, the stings of conscience. — The
*' brazen-beaked trireme" is the wealthy gentleman's private yacht. A
fine picture, this, of the black phantom, Care, ascending the lofty tower
of the sea-side villa, climbing the gang-board of the yacht after the
proud lord, or mounting his horse behind him :

" Black Care sits by him in the bark,
Behind him, on the steed."
Quod si, if, then. — Phrygius lapis, i. e. the costly marble hewn near
Synnada in Phrygia, a beautiful white with reddish spots, now called
paonazzetto. The columns in the exquisite portico of the so-called Pan-
theon, in Rome, are of this marble. — 7'Ae use of purples brighter than
a star, i. e. of purple garments and coverings. By hyperbaton clarior
is made to agree with usus ; properly we should have had clariorum
agreeing with purpuranim. Or we may take purpurarum uhms as a
single term, logically, (with which clarior agrees,) and equivalent to
purpurae quibus ntimur. — Costum, an Eastern aromatic plant, used for
ointments. It is called Achaemcnian from AchaemSnes, the founder
of the royal race of Persia. — Invidendis postihus, i. e. with door-posts
built of costly marble, so as to excite the envy of passers-by. Abl. of
description or quality, as is novo ritu. in a new style of architecture.
" Fostes were the jambs, columns, or pilasters that flanked the cntranoe-
door." — Moliar, shall I build with labor. — Horace's little Sabine farm
lay in a beautiful valley. Valle, abl. of instrument of exchange, or
price. — Operosiores, i. e. which would increase my cares.

Oann. II —Ad Pubem Eomanam. (726, 727.)

Aroument. — Contentment i» tn be learned in arm» and danRer, To die for oor
country \n (rloriong, and death p«rsn«H tbe coward. Virtue im «npcrior to popular
favor or rejection, and opens the way to tlie Hkie», anri rineu al»«ve the dull atmoc-
phere of this world. Oowl faith, t<M), ha» itu recompense, and I would not be th«
companion of tbe man who neglects it, lest 1 «bare hi« nure reward,

1-16. Amice, with a friendly mind, i. e. contentedly. Tbe translation
"as a friend" is perhaps a little too strong. — Pauperiem, primtim.
Egestas is the word for absolute want. — Puer, youth. The »gc at
which military service bogan was seventeen. — Bobustus acri militia,
grown hardy in stern military service. — Trepidisiu rebus, i. c, in danger.
Ilium, etc. Ille is used in pointing out {UueriKVi), "yon." The wife

314 . NOTES.

and daughter of the king, who is fighting below the city against the Ro-
mans, look down from the walls upon the battle. The sponsua regiua is
the son of an allied king, betrothed to the adulta trirgo. Cf. the scenes
in the Iliad 22; and 3, 154 sqq, — Hosticus is an ancient form for
hostilis, as genticus for gentilia, civicus for civilia. — Suspiret = suspirans
metuat. 0. — Ne, i. e. sollicita ne. N. takes ne as introducing a wish
as well as expressing anxiety, "that only not" like /i^. II. 21, 663. —
Tactu, latter supine after aaperum. — Dulce — mori. " Ja, siiss und
echon ist's, fallen fUr's Vaterland." — Nec — tergo. The back and hol-
low of the knees are exposed to the enemy by a fugitive. Z. Victors
used to cut the hamstrings of fleeing enemies.

17-32. Virtue, that knoica no diagrace/id repulae, i. e. is always con-
scious, if ever it sustains a repulse, that it was unmerited, and there-
fore not disgraceful. Z. Bepulsa is properly " a rejection when suing
for office." Cato played ball in the Comitium on the same day that
he was defeated as a candidate for praetor, — Intaminatis. This
word is found only in this passage. — Secures, the emblema of office.
Literally, the axea in the fasces borne before the magistrates. — Arbi-
trio, etc. At the whim of the popular breeze, i. e. of the fickle breath
of popular favor. — Immeritis mori = viria immortalitate dignia. —
Negata via, by a path denied (to others). — Udam. Alluding to the
cloudy atmosphere "of this dim spot which men call earth." — Est —
silentio. Augustus was fond of quoting part of a line of Simonides,
from which this verse is taken : hn koI atyat aKivhvvov yepas. — Cereris
sacrum. Probably, rather than the Eleusinian mysteries, the similar
rites naturalized at Rome. Cf. Cic. Verr. v. 72. Y.— Qui volgarit defines
t» understood, the subject of sit. Volgarit is subj. in a relative clause
which is an essential part of the sentence (is) ait, etc., and describe»
the character of the kind of person referred to [qui — talis %it ia). — Sol-
Vat, ac. de litore, unmoor. — Deseruit, haa lagged behind, i. e. failed to
overtake. The perfect (as addidit) in a general truth. — Pede claudo,
{although) with limping foot.

Oann. III. —Ad Oaesarem Augustum. (727-733.)

Argument. — The upright man and firm no terrors can drive from his purpose.
Through this virtue Pollux, Hercules, Augustus, Bacchus, have been translated
to the skies ; Romulus likewise, at the instance of Juno, who thus addressed the
assembled gods : " Ilium hath paid the penalty of its founder's crime. That im-
pious umpire and his foreign strumpet have overthrown it. But his beauty i«
gone; Priam's perjured house hath fallen. My wrath, then, I remit. Let Mars
have his hated grandson ; let him come among us : provided the seas roll between

ODES III. iii. 315

Hium and Rome, let the exiles reign where they will ; but let the tomb of Priam
and of Paris be the lair of beasts. From Gades to the Nile let Rome be feared, but
let her learn to despise gold. Let her stretch her arms to the stormy Nortli and
the fiery East, but let her not dare to rebuild the walls of Troy. On an evil day
would she rise again : thrice let her rise, thrice should she fall by the power of
Jove's sister and spouse." But hold, my Muse, nor bring down such themes to
the sportive lyre.

1-16. Tenacem propositi, (tenacious of, i, e.) steadfast in his pur-
pose.— Instantis, menacing, threatening. — Mente SOlida, /row» his
(solid, i. Q.) fixed resolution. — Doz, etc. The stormy ruler of the rest-
less Adriatic. A. — Falminantis Jovis, of Jupiter when he launches
his thunderbolts; not as a general expression, "of Jupiter the thun-
derer." — Orbis, the arch of heaven. — lUabatur, should fall upon
(him). — Hac arte, % this virtue or quality, i. e. by constancy (justitia
et tenacitas propositi). — Enisus. The preposition e gives the meaning
of struggling forward with earnestness. — Igneas, i. e. starry. — Inter
quos. — Aag^stns. This title was conferred on Octavianus B. C. 27.
Becambens, reclining (at table). — Pnrpureo ore, with rosy lips (tokens
of his eternal youth). — Merentem, deserving (immortality). Cf. Ovid.
Trist. 5. 3, 19 : Ipse quoqtie aetherias meritis invectus es arces, Qua nan
exiguo facta lahore via est. In his Indian journey, Bacchus spread
over the world the precepts of civilization. The tigers represent the
wildncss which he tamed. — Vexere (lo Olympus, the abode of the
j^ods). — Romulus was said to have been snatched up to heaven in a
chariot drawn by the horses of his father Mars. In his praises, Augus-
tus, the second founder of Rome, is indirectly honored.

17-42. GratTxm. All the gods favored Romulus. — Consiliantibui,
deliberating (whether they should admit Romulus to heaven). — IliOllt
ace, object of vertit. — Judex, i. e. Paris; alluding to the golden apple.
Mnlier, i. e. Helen. Notice the bitter contemptuousncBs of Juno'n lan-
guage. " She cannot forget the spretae injuria formae." — Ex quo (tem-
pore).—Mihi and Minervae, "dat. of the agent."— Duce frandulento,
Laomddon. N. takes it as used generally, " not exactly Lnonicdon nor
yet Priam." — Splendet (in his beauty and his rich attiro). — Adultc-
rae, Helen; bospes, Paris. — Hectoreis opibai, l>y the aid of Hector.
DtlCtum, prolonged (by the dissensions (■editionibui) of the god»). —
Eesedit from resido.— Marti redonabo, etc., (lit. I will make a present
of my wrath and my grandson, etc.,) i. e. I will remit, for the take of
Mars, my grievous wrath, and (/ will restore to him) my hate'd grandson
(i. e. I will allow Romulus to rejoin his father in heaven). Br. tr. in^
visum nepotem " my hate against my grandson. — Dum ( = dummodo)

316 NOTES.

to long a». — Exxiles, i. e. the Trojan founders of Rome. (Here of their
descendants.) — Stet. Let (the Capitol) stand. Subj. in a permission.
45-69. Late modifies horrenda. — Medius, tWerteniw^. (The Med-
iterranean.)— Cum defines sic. — Fortior spernere aurum, c/c, quam
COgere, etc., than to gather it, with a hand snatching every sacred thing
for prof ane uses. — Lege, condition. — Nimium pii, with too great filial
affection. It was said (Suet. Jul. Caes. 79) that Julius Caesar enter-
tained a scheme of making Troy the capital of the empire. — Avitae
Trojae, of their ancestral Troy. N. takes avitae strictly : " Troy was
the grandmother and Alba Longa the mother of Rome ; " but we must
content ourselves with ancestral in English. — Aeneus, brazen. Meta-
phorically for strong. — Ter pereat, (apodosis,) thrice shall it perish. —
Argivis, dat. of the agent. — Non hoc, etc. See note on II. i. 37,
sed ne, etc. (p. 293).

Oariii. IV. — Ad Oalliopen. (726 ^0

Argument. — Sing, Calliope, a lofty strain. Is it a dream, or am I wandering
In the Muses' gi-ove? A child, tired of play, I lay down to sleep on the Apulian
hills. There doves made me a covering of leaves, and I slept safe, and men might
well wonder how the gods were present with me. Yours am I, ye Muses. Be-
cause I love your fountains and your choir, I perished not when the battle was
turned, nor by the accursed tree, nor in the Sicilian waters. Be ye with me, and
I will visit remotest tribes unharmed. Ye refresh Augustus when he brings back
his weary troops. Mild are your counsels, and in peace is your delight. We
know how that bold band of giants struck terror into the heart of Jove; but what
was their strength against the aegis of Pallas? 'Twas that which drove them
back, though Vulcan too, and Juno, and Apollo with his bow, were there. Brute
force falls, self-destroyed : the gods detest violence, but tempered strength they
promote.

2-40. Longum. This is the longest of Horace's odes. — Videor (mihi)
audire, et errare, etc. — Lucos, groves (of the Muses). — Fabulosae
palumbes, the storied doves ; of which the poets told that they bore
ambrosia to Jupiter, attended on Venus, etc. — In verse 10 I follow. the
textus receptus, with 0., (who says "locus est sine dubio corruptus.")
The variation of metre (Apulo, Apiiliae) is not without parallels in the
case of proper names (N. cites Homer's ''A.ptg "Xpf.i PpoTo\oiyi) ; nor is
there any difficulty in the apparent inconsistency of the prepositions
in and extra. Voltur lies chiefly in Apulia, but partly in Lucania; so
that Horace could wander beyond the threshold of his nurse (his native
district; cf. Scott's "0 Caledonia, stern and wild, Meet nurse for a
poetic child") Apulia, and still be on the Apulian mountain. Conjec-
tural emendations are numerous • but none has commended itself to

ODES III. iv. V. 817

general acceptance. — Quod (ut id) foret, so that it was. Others: a
thiuy ichich nhuuld be wonderful, etc. — Sabinos (montes). — Liquidae,
i. e. with clear air and bright skies. — Palinums. Acr. conjectures
that Horace narrowly escaped shipwreck oflf this promontory on his
return from Macedonia j but this passage contains the only allusion
which the poet makes to the fact. — The Scythian river is the Tanaia
or Don. — Abdidit. This word conveys an idea of the peace and seclu-
sion enjoyed by the veterans in their retirement. — Oppidis, poet. abl.
of place. It signifies the culoniae in which lands were granted to the
veterans. — Pierio, etc. A metaphor, to denote the pleasure which
Augustus took in the study of art and literature.

41-80. Lene consilium. ( ConaiUum, trisyllable.) The Muses give
mild counsels ; i. e. the effect of intellectual culture upon rulers is to
make them mild and merciful. — Et dato gaudetis, and delight in it
ichen given, 1. e. rejoice to see it adopted. — Ut (/toir) (ille, i. e. Jupiter)
sustulerit, etc., qui temperat, etc. The ace. with the inf. would simply
state the /act ; ut with the subj. refers to the mode in which it happened.
Caduco, " swi'/t-devcending." — Tristia regna, the yloomy realms (of
Plutn). — Juventus, i. e. the giants. — Fratres, i. e. the Aloidae. —
Opaco, i. Q. frondono. — Ty-ph6-eu8. — 63-8. What could brute
force avail against heavenly wisdom ?^ — Statu, posture, attitude. A
gladiatorial term. — Truncis, abl, of instrument with jaculator. —
Aegida. See p. 275, line 2. — Hinc — Apollo. Sec Clough'str. (yImoMrt
de Voyage, I. viii.) — Avidus, eager (for the fray). — Katalem «11-
vam, (the woods of Mount Cynthus, in Delos). — The poet dwells with
evident pleasure upon the description of Apollo, the god of culture,
and the patron of Augustus. — Mole sua, by itn own weight. — Temper-
atam, {rightly) governed. — In majus, to greater (succcsh), to greater
C heights). — Idem, i. e. on the other hand, they ; or they alto. — Notice
the comploaio or immediate repetition of the same sounds, in omn« n«-
faa anirno moventes. — Moventos, meditating, contriving. — Injesta —
8ui9, Earth grieve» at being cant (dolet injecta) upon her own monster»
i'l. e. the monsters to whom she herself gave birth). — Partni, hrr off-
spring. — Impositam, placed upon (Encel&dus). — Ales, the vulture.—
Amatorem, sc. Proscrpinae,

Carm. Y. — In honorem Augusti. (727-734.)

AROUMEnT.— Jove is In h<tavfn : Aiigu»tu8 bIihII boagwl ap<jn earth when h*
hath Biilxliifd the Rriton and the I'entlan. What I can a Roman forget hit glo-
riou.-* Iioriie and live a slave with the Medo? 'Twaii not thu« \U'gn\nn acttK], when
be 8UW the ruin a coward's example would bring on tboM who •botUd come «fUr

318 JS^OTES.

liim, and he cried, " I have seen our standards hung on Punic walls ; our freemen
bound; the Carthaginians' gates unbarred; their fiekls all tilled. Ye do but
add ruin to shame: but virtue, like the former fair color of dyed wool, can never
be restored. When the freed hind fights its captor, the prisoner relesised, who
cried for njercy and made peace for himself on the battle-field, shall cope again
with his foe!" Then, although he knew the cruel fate which was in store for
him, he parted from his wife, his children, and his friends, and went away as calmly
as a man would go to Venafium or Tarentum, to rest after his labors in the city,

1-25. Regnare (in) caelo. — Praesens, with us, on earth. — Milesne,
etc. Indignant question. — Conjuge barbara maritus, the husband of
a barbarian wife. Abl. of description, where we might have expected
the gen. — Pro, alas for ! — The subject of consenuit is Marsus et
Apulus. (These are named as two of the bravest tribes of the Italians.)
Anciliorum. An anomalous gen. from ancile. The ancilia were twelve
shields, of which, according to tradition, eleven were made by order
of Numa, after the pattern of one found in his house and supposed to
have come down from heaven, and undistinguishable from it. While
the heaven-sent ancile was preserved, Rome, it was prophesied, should
survive. Mc. — Nominis sc. Romani. — The toga was the national
dress of the Romans. — Jove sc. Capitolino ; (while the Capitol (Jove's
temple) is safe.) — Provida, /a r-ecetn^r. — Dissentientis, refusing to
assent. — Coud. foed. (dative), the proposals of the Carthaginians for
an exchange of prisoners and the conclusion of a peace. — Exemplo
tralientis, inferring from the precedent. — The final syl. of periret is
long (as originally) before the caesura. — Portas Carthaginis. — Mart©
nostro = a militibus nostris. — Scilicet (ironical), /or«ootA,

30-53. Curat — deterioribus, (nor does true valor, etc.) care to be
restored to degenerate (breasts). " Nec Curat, i.e. non vult, neque
potest." — Hie — miscuit, "He" (the coward), ** not knowing to what
he ought to owe his life " (viz. to his own good sword), " confounded
peace with war" i. e. made peace for himself on the field of battle.
Mc. — Altior. The abl. minis may be tr. either by than after the com-
parative degree (0., Mc), or as abl. of means (R., N.) ; in the first case
tr. raised above, in the second exalted by. Perhaps the first is the more
poetical. — Capitis minor, one who had lost his civil rights; (in what-
ever way; here, by having been taken prisoner by the enemy.) Tr.
as no longer a citizen. — Labantes, wavering. — Consilio numquam
alias date, by advice never on any other occasion given. — Atqui sciebat,
and yet he kneto all the tchile. — Reditus, pi. to avoid the recurrence
of a final m. 0. Others : " reditus = redeundi conatus ; " which I accept,
without, however, excluding O.'s reason. — Longa, tedious.

ODES III. v.-vii. 319

Cariii. VI. — Ad Eomanos. (726.)

ARGUMEifT. — On you will be visited your fathers' guilt, 0 Romans, unless ye
shall restore the worship and acknowledge the sovereign power of the gods. Al-
ready have they aflBicted our land; twice the Parthian hath checked our arms;
the barbarian has well-nigh destroyed us in the midst of our strife, the age is so
full of shameless adultery and lasciviousness. Not from such parents were bom
the conquerors of Pyrrhus, Antiochus, and Hannibal, the manly offspring of
soldiers who had handled the plough and carried the fagot. So doth time spoil all
thing?. Our fathers were not as their fathers, nor we as they; and our children
shall be worse than ourselves.

6-48. Dis — imperas, because thou bearcat thyself as subject to the
fjods, thou holdest thy sway; from them (N. "from this subjection")
arises (sc. oritur) every beginning, to them ascribe the issue. FrillcipiuiD
is here a trisyllable. Prineipium hue, pr. in scanning principy'uc. —
Praedam, (our) booty. — Torq. ex., to their slender necklaces. — DaCUI>
with Antonius ; Aethiops (Aegyptius), with Cleopatra. — 16. To whicU
word does hie refer, to which ille ? (Gram,, Index.) — Motus lonicos, i.e.
voluptuous dances. — De tenero ungui, i. e. from early childhood. The
Germans say, "von Kindesbeinen an," — Sol ubi, etc. There are not
many poets who could incidentally have described in so few words, and
80 graphically, the hour of evening. Mc. — Bobus (43), dat. of ad-
vantage.— Agens, bringing on. — Dies, time (hence fern). — Avis, brie6y
for avorum aetate. — Four generations are spoken of in three short
verses (46-48). "A constant decay and degeneracy of the world was
an Epicurean doctrine. Lucrel. II. ad finem."

Oarm. VII. — Ad Asterien. (729 ?)

Arocmrtt. — Weep not, Asterie; Gygea is faithful, and will return wUh tho
■pring, a rich man. lie has been driven to Oricum, and Ih wc^-plng with lmpnti«'nco
for thee. Chloe, his hostess, is trying to seduce him, and frightens him with «to-
ries of reject(Kl women's reTenge. But he is deaf to her swluctlon*. Beware ia
thy turn of Euipeus ; shut thy doors and listen not to his songs.

4-32. Fidei, dissyllable. Some editors prefer the ancient foriny?<i».
Post, aft»:r (the rising of). Lamb, and R. prefer after the setting. —
Tuig ignibus = uViem ignibus quibus tu ureris, i. c. with the love of
Gygea.— Temptat, solicits (A»n).— Mulier, AntCa(//o//i. II. 6, 155 nqq.)
or Sthenoboea,— Et, even. — Historias, tales, legend*», /i(55ou$. — Uoveti
brings forward, calls up. Cf. Aen. 7, 641; Ov. A. A. 3, 651.— Th*
cliffs of Icarus, for the cliffs of the Icarian sea (to which Icarui gave

820 NOTES.

name). — Flectere equnm. This was to wheel the horse round in a small
circle. Mc. — Martio, of the Campus Martins. — The use of neque with
the imper. for neve is confined to the poets. C. 247, 4, and 5, n. 2. —
Mane difficilis (ei) saepe vocanti te duram. The part, vocanti is used

adversatively.

Oarm. YIII. — Ad Maecenatem. (725 Lachmmn.)

Argument. — Wonderest thou, learned friend, what this sacrifice means on the
Kalends of March, and I a bachelor ? On this day I was delivered from death
and it shall be a holiday. Come, Maecenas, a hundred cups of my oldest wine to
the health of thy friend. Away with anxiety. The Ducian has fallen, the Mede
is divided against himself, the Cantabriau is in chains, and the Scythian has un-
strung his bow. Be here the private gentleman: never mind the people; ei^joy
thyself and unbend.

1-27. The Matronal ia, or feast of married persons in honor of Juno
Lucina, was celebrated on the Kal. Mart. — Velint, mean. — Plena
turis. — Caespite vivo, i. e. on an altar of green turf. — Sermones, in
the literature ; (N. : in conversation.) Ace. of the thing, retained with
the pass. part, doctas. We find also the abl., as doctus Graecis litteris.
XJtriusque linguae, i. e. Greek and Latin. So the Germans say in
beiden Sprachen when they mean in German and French. — Album
caprum. White victims were offered to the dii superi, black to the
dii inferi. The goat was sacrificed to Bacchus because it ate and de-
stroyed the vines. — Arboris. See II. 13. — Anno redeunte (sc. in se)
festus, a holiday, as the year rolls round. — Amphorae, dat. of refer-
ence after dimovebit, where we might have expected ah amphora. —
Fumum. The amphorae were kept in the apotheca in the upper part
of the house, to which the smoke from the bath had access, as this was
thought to hasten the ripening of the wine and to improve its flavor,
just as Madeira wine is improved by being kept in a warm temper-
ature. The amphora being lined with pitch or plaster, and the cork
being also covered with pitch, the smoke could not penetrate if these
were properly attended to. Mc. — Tullo. L. Volcatius Tullus, cos.
A. U. C, 688 ; so that the wine was fully thirty-seven years old. — Amici
SOSpitis, to the health of thy rescued friend, — In lucem, till the break
of day. — Civiles curas. After the battle of Actium, the supreme civil
authority in Rome and Italy was intrusted to Maecenas. — Sibi limits
luctuosis, and is to be supplied in thought with dissidet. — 25 Qua,
in any respect. — Many good MSS. give et at the end of verse 2Q ; few
et or ac at the end of verse 27.

A

ODES III. viii.-xi. 321

Oarm, IX. — Oarmeii Amoebaemn.

An exquisitely ^raci fill ode, in the form of a dialogue, showing the process of
recouciliation between two lovers.

" Amants, que vos querelles
Sont aimables et belles I "

1-24. Donee =d«w. — Potior, more favored. — Alia, abl. after ar-

sisti. — 7. /, Lydia, of tjreat renoicn. — Modos, measures, ftiXij. — Me-
tuam fut., as well as parcent. — Animae, " my life," i. e. my love, puel-
lae meae. — Didactos, (»«, though) parted. — Cogit,yotn«. — Lydiae, dat.
Improbo, violent, un(/overnable. — Amem, C, 219, 1, 2.

Carm. X.— Ad Lycen.

A serenade (irapoKXavm^vfnv) sung by a lover whose mistress refuses him admission.

1-20. Tanain si biberes, i. e. were Scythia thy dwelling-place. Cf.
II. 20, 20 and IV. 15, 21. — Me objicere, etc., thou wouldst grieve to
expose me to the north tcinds (incolis) that have there their home. — Quo
Itrepitu. Abl. of mode, (circumstantial.) Supply strepitu with the
•econd quo (before nemus). — Nemas, i. e. the viridarium. Shrubs and
I ilowers were sometimes planted round the impluvium of a Roman house,
but more largely in the peristylium, which was an open space at the
back part of the house, surrounded by colonnades, and, like the im-
plavium, usually having a cistern or fountain in the middle. Mc. Cf.
Epp. I. 10, 22. — Ventis, abl. of cause. — Ut glaciet. " It is easy to
■upply vides or sentis, or any other word more appropriate than audit,
to the freezing of the snow. One verb of sense is oft<»n made to serve
for two or three." R. and N. suggest, however, that sleet and crackling
frost can be heard as well as seen. Tr. hoto Jove, with his bright poteer
(=puro ctie]o) freezes the snow at it lies. — 10. Lett, while thy wheel it
revolving, the rope may go backwards: i. e. may slip on the pulley, and
instead of drawing thee up, leave thee to descend the hill of fame. —
Tyrrhenus. The morals of the Etruscans were corrupt. — TinotOf
▼iola, violet-colored ; but here, like the white or yellow violet. Verg.
Eel. 2, 47 : pallentet violas.— Fieria = Macedonira.— Pellice. The bet-
ter orthography of the nom. is paelex. — Hoo latai, thit tide of mint,

Carm. XI. — Ad Testndinem. (726 rel 727.)

AROUMFJfT. — Mercury, who didHt tench Amphlon to move «tonmt, and thfm. Ijr»»,
once dumb, now welcome at feast and festival, tuno mo a strain to which even
Lyde, though she be free as the young colt, most attend. Tliou cbanneit Ugen,
Hor. 21

322 NOTES.

woods, streams, and hell's bloody sentinel, and Ixion, and Tit^oB, and the daughters
of Danaus. Let Lyde hear of their crime and punishment, and how one was mer-
ciful and spared her young husband's life, saying, " Rise up ; begone, lest the sleep
of death overtake thee. They have sprung upon their prey. My heart is not aa
their heart. I will do thee no harm. Let my father do with me as he will, yet
go thon, while night and love protect thee. Farewell, and when I am gone, en-
grave a word of sorrow on my tomb."

1-29. Te magistro, abl. absolute. — Nervis, abl. — Immanis janitor
aulae, the fierce porter of the palace. 0. takes immanis with aulae,
"vast." — TvLXiale, fury-like. —19. Manet, from manare. — Quin et,
Nay even. — Risit. The poets are fond of using a verb in the singular
with several nominatives. It calls attention to each one of the subjects.
"Virginnm, i. e. the Danaides. — Inane like its opposite plenus is limited
by the gen. — Perenntis, running through, running out. — Sub Orco, in
the realm of Orcus (the king of the lower world).

30-52. Nam — m&jXiS, for what greater {crime) could they [have com-
mitted) ? — 31. Fotnere, they had the heart, they could bring themselven.
Una, i. e. Hypermnestra. — Face nnptiali, of the nuptial torch, as we
should say of the bridal veil. At ancient marriages the bride, escorted
in the evening from her father's house to that of her husband, was pre-
ceded by a boy bearing a lighted torch. — Splendide mendaz, mag-
nificently false. A noble oxymoron. Danaus had compelled all his
daughters to promise that they would murder their husbands. Hy-
permnestra's breach of her engagement is praiseworthy, because a
wicked promise is better broken than kept. — Falle, elude, escape. —
Sorores (sc. tuaa, to correspond with socernm), thy sisters-in-law. —
Singulos = ««um quaeque maritum. — Clemens, in mercy, in compassion.
Vel, if he please. Derived from volo. — Anrae, viz. per undaa. — Et —
qneTellam, and carve on a tombstone an epitaph in memory of me.

Carm. XII.— Ad Neobnlen.

Argument. — Poor women! we must not love, we must not drown care in wine,
or a cruel guardian scolds us to death. Alas. Neobule! thou canst not spin nor
work, for love of Ilebrus, so beautiful as he bathes in the waters of Tiber, a horse-
man like BellerCphon, unsurpassed in the combat and the race, in piercing the
flying deer or catching the lurking boar.

Upon the whole, I prefer to take this ode, with many recent editors, as a solil-
oquy. R. takos verses 5-16 as Neobule's quotation of her uncle's taunts; it is not
unusual, however, to use the second person in an address to one's self. Some con-
sider the whole ode as the address of the poet to Neobule.

1-15. Miserarnm, sc. sors or condicio. — Dare Indnm, to give full play.
LavSre, an old form = lavdre. — Metnentes, from fear of. — Supply

ODES III. xii.-xiv. 323

au/ert with puer, and take aufert (7) with nitor. — Unctog, sc. oleo.—
Apertum, sc. campum. — Jaculari depends upon catus.

Oarm. XIII. — Ad Fontem Bandusiae. (725 ?)

Argcment. — Fair fountain of Bandusia, thou art worthy of my libation and of
the kid that shall fall for thee to-morrow, and dye thy cold stream with his hot
red blood. Thee the summer's heat pierceth not ; cool is thy water to flocks and
herds. Thou, too, shalt be placed among the fountains of fame, when I sing of
the oak that hangs from the rock whence thy babbling waters leap.

1-13. Fons Bandusiae, as urbs Romae, gen. of nearer definition. C.
13.3,5. Mero, floribus. He will pour the wine into the water, and throw
garlands upon the stream. — Inficiet, shall tinge. — Fies nobilium fon-
tium. A Greek construction ; supply unu» (Mc), or take it simply as
gen. of connection, belonging to. C. 133, 4, n. 3. The fontes nobiles
are such as Arethusa, Castalia, Dirce, HippocrSne, Pireoe.

i

Oarm. XIV. — Ad Populum Eomanum. (730.)

m.

Arocmext. — Caesar is returning a conqueror from Spain, 0 ye people, he who
t ju:<t went forth like Ilerculen to the field. Let his ch.wto wife and bister go
forth to offer sacrifice with the matrons, while the young soldiers and their brides
stand reverently by. I too will keep holiday; fori am «afe while Augustus ia
lord of the world. Bring flower», Iwy, and ointment, and my best old wine, and
go bid Neseraconie: if the churlish porter refuse ihee, come away; I have no
mltid for strife, though I might not have borne ua much in the heydiiy of mjr
y-nth.

1-28. Modo, o/ late, just now. — 5. Mulier, Livia.— Justis operate

lacris, ^ncrijicinrj with due offerings : (perhaps lit., having huitifil her-
telf (and hence being employed) with the Jitting sacrifice»). Sacrii is
abl. Opeior would take the dat. of the gods to whom the sacrifice \»
ven.— Soror, Octavia.— 13. Verefestus.— Mihi dat. of advantage wilh
met curas, and not without influence on festns. — Tamaltam, i. c.
bellum. — The Marsian or Social war, A. U. C. 6«54, «65. The SeitiU
tear, led by Spartacus, A. U. C, 681-683.— Qua (sc. ratione) in any way,
h ""!f »«€«««. — Fallere, to escape the notice of, to escape. Iluruce
humorously suggests that it is doubtful whether there is any old wino
left in the cellars rummaged by Spartacus and his crew. — Die properet.
Subj. in oratio obliqua, where we should have the impcrat. in oratio
recta. — Non ferrem, more lively than non tulisnem. Plancnt was con-
Bul A. U. C. 7 ['2, the year of the battle of Philippi, when lloroco was
wenty-two years old.

324 NOTES.

Oarm. XV. — Ad Ohloridem. (730-735.)

Argument. — Put a stop to thy intrigues, for thou art old and poor. What be»
cometli th3' daughter PholOe, becometh not thee, Chloris. Go spin ; not for thee
are music and flowers and wine.

6-16. Et — candidis, and to spread a cloud over those fair stars. —
Tympano. The " tympanum " was a tambourine, played in all respects
as now, and usually by women, who danced as they beat it. Mc. — Pcti,
passive part.

Oarm. XVI. — Ad Maecenatem. (730.)

Argument. — A stout prison and savage watch-dogs might have kept Dan&e from
harm ; but Jove and Venus smiled, for they knew that the god need but change
himself to gold, and the way would be clear before him. Gold penetrates through
guards, through rocks; thereby fell the house of Amphiaraus, the Macedonian
won cities, stern admirals are ensnared. And as it grows, the desire for more
grows too. A high estate I dread. The more a man denies himself, the more the
gods will give him. I fly from the rich to the contented, and am more indepen-
dent tlian any poor rich man in the world. My stream, and my little wood, and
my trusty field, are a happier portion than all Africa. I have not wealth, yet
poverty doth not pinch me; and if I wanted more, thou, Maecenas, art ready to
give it. My small income will go further by the restricting of my wants, than if
I had all Lydia and Phrygia for my own. Who ask much, lack much. It is well
•with him who has enough.

2-42. Robustae, oaken. 0. tr. strong. — Munierant. IT. 17, 28,
note. — Adulteris = ama<ort6M«. — Pavidum, viz. on account of the
oracle which foretold that the son of his daughter would slay him. — Fore
enim, sc. sciebant. — Pretium, a bribe. — Auguris Argivi, Amphia-
raus. — Domus, genus, familia. — Urbium, viz. Olynthus, Potidaea, Am-
phipolis, Pydna, etc. Cic. ad Att. I. 16 : Philippus omnia castella expug-
nari posse dicebat, in quae modo asellus onustus auro posset ascendere. —
Vir Macedo, Philip. So Demosthenes : MaKt6u>v ivijp. — Munera — duces.
Horace is thought to allude to Meuas, who frequently changed sides in the
war between Sextus Pompeius and the triumvirs. — Nudus, unarmed ;
or, as Mc. suggests, leaving everything behind me. — Contemptae — rei,
more brilliant as the master of a despised estate. — Arat. The original
quantity of the final syl. (a) is restored by the aid of caesura and arsis.
Fides, promise, or rather, fidelity to its promise. — Fulgentem — bea-
tior, escape the notice of him who glitters in the rule of fertile Africa as
happier in fortune (viz. than his wealth and power). Fallit — beatlor
(\av^ivti 6Xftiu>Tfpa ovaa rhv KXrjpov) = is happier in lot (than his station)

ODES III. xv.-xviii. 325

tcithout his knoictng it. The sing, fallit is used, after Horace's frequent
custom, with the several nominatives rivns, silva, and fides. This
inten^retation is adopted bj' most scholars, (as 0., D., N.) R.'s, how-
ever, liisat ait'h denken : Escape the notice of him who glitters in author-
ity, as richer than the lot of fertile Africa, i. e. than the province of fer-
tile Africa : " sors Africa = provincia Africa sorte accepta. Tacit. Ann.
3, 58 et 71." — Laebtrygonia, i. e. Formian. — Contracto cupidine, by
contracting my desires. — Quam — COntiuuem, than if I xcere to extend
the kingdom of Ali/attes (Lj'dia) with the Mygdonian [Vhrygmn) field».
Alyattei, a form of the second declension. — Campis, abl. of means.

Carm. XVII. — Ad Aeliuin Lamiam. (730, 731.)

Argcmf.xt. — Aelius, ennobled witli the blood of Lumii8,(for like all the Lnmias
thou derivest thy birth from liim who founded Formiae and ruled on the banks
of the Liris,) a storm is coniing:; get in the wood while it is dry: to-morrow the
servants shall have holiday, and thou wilt do sacrifice to thy Genius.

1-16. Lamia was doubtless vain of his pedigree ; Horace accordingly
banters him good-humoredly by spending two stanzas out of four in
giving him his proper ancestral designation. Con. — Quando, since. —
Hinc, /rom him. — Nepotum, of {their) descendants. — Fastos, the fam-
ily records and genealogies. — Illo substantively, auctore in apposition
with illo. — Late tyrannus, "lord of a wide domain." — Annosa. Ac-
cording to the ancients, the crow lived during nine generations of men.
Students may remember the axo\aaTiK6i who bought a young crow, to
see whether it would live so long as it was reported to. — Genium cu-
rahis. The Romans believed that every man had a. genius, the insepa-
rable companion of his life. It represented his spiritual identity, and
the character of the genius was the character of the man. Mc. — Cum
denotes here contemporaneousness. N. — Operum solntis. "Occa-
sionally verbs of removal or separation have a gen. of the whence in
old writers and in poetry."

Oarin. XVIII. - Ad raunum. (724 ?)

Arocment. — Faunu». come with mercy to my fields, and depart gentle to my
young laml>8, for I Bacrifice and pour libations to thee, and the old altar imokef
with incense, at the fall of the year. When thy None* a^me round, the flockf
■port in safety, the oxen are at rest, and the village is gay; the wood ibeda it*
leaves, and the clown smites his enemy, the earth, in the dance.

4-16. It was usual to offer sacrifice to Faunus at the beginning of
spring, though the Faunalia were not celebrated till the Nones of

326 NOTES.

December. From the allusion to the lambs (parvit alumnia, " the nurs-
lings of the flock,") we may suppose that this ode was written in spring.
Mc. — The wine-cup is called the companion of Venus, as is Jocus I. ii.
34. R. supplies tibi to explain sodali, and takes craterae as gen. — Tet
expresses the triple time of the dance.

Cann. XIX. — Ad Telephum. (725-730.)

Argument. — Talk not of Codrus, and Inichus, and Trojan wars: tell us what
we may get a cask of Cliian for, who will give us bath and house-room, and at
what hour we may dine to-day. A cup, boy, to the new moon, another to midnight,
and a third to Murena the augur: three and nine, or nine and three; the nipt
poet loves the nine; more than three, the Graces forbid. Let us be mad: bring
music, scatter roses, let old neighbor Lyons and his young ill-fiotted bride hear our
noise and envy us.

1-12. Distet (in time). — QuotS so. hard. — Da, (poculum) lunae.
This genitive, and the two following, denote the persons or things in
whose honor the cups are drunk, — Tribua aut novem cyathi», i. e. with
three parts or nine parts in twelve (of wine; the complementary nine
parts or three parts being of water). — A sextariua contained twelve
cyathi. — Commodis, i. e./ull.

Carin. XX. — AdPyrrlmni. (727-732.)

Argument. — As well rob the lioness of her whelps, Pyrrhus, as draw Nearchus
away from that girl. She will rush to rescue her lover, and, like a coward and a
thief, thou shalt quit the field after a hard-fought battle, in which he shall stand,
his naked foot upon the palm of victory, the umpire of the fight.

7-16. Grande — illi, "a mighty struggle, whether the prize shall
rather come to thee or her." — Dentes acuit. Properly said of the
wild boar, here transferred to the lioness. — Posuisse, recreare. The
perfect of a single action, the present of a repeated one. — Quails, such
as, i. e. beautiful as. — Baptns, etc., i. e. Ganymedes.

Cann. XXI. — Ad Amphoram. (727 ?)

Abghment. — Thou amphora, who wast filled at my birth, whether thy mission
be one of sorrow or joy, of strife or love or sleep, come down, for Corviiius would
have my better wine. Learned though he be, he will not despise thee, for neither
did old Cato. Thou dost soften the inflexible, and open the heart, and bring back
hope, and give strength and courage to the humble. Liber, Venus, and the Graces
shall keep thee company till the dawn of day.

ODES III. xix.-xxiii. 327

4-22. Pia, kindli/, having a brotherly affection for me, thy coeval. —
ftuocumque lectum nomiue, stored vp (0. ; some tr. "gathered" — of
the grapes) with whatever power ("quocumque eflfectu, give quaeumque
potentia." R.) Some tr. /or whatever purpose. — Descende, viz. from
the apofheca in the upper part of the house. — Narrator — virtus. A
distinguished senator of the United States, in the days of the giants,
received the sobriquet of Cato from his party friends for his stern in-
tegrity. He was fond of his cups, but strong-headed. An opponent of
his quoted these verses one day in the senate-chamber, saying that he
had just met with them in his Horace, and had never understood before
why the honorable gentleman was called Cato. — Lene tormentam,
gentle torture, soft compulsion. — Lyaeo, abl. of means. — Cornua,
courage, confidence, such as is possessed by the animals that have
horns. — 22. And the Graces, slow to loose the bond that binds them.
They are usually grouped with their arms intertwined. Mc.

Cann. XXII. — Ad Dianam. ( 725-732.)

Abouhent. — Diana, who protectest the mountiiins and woods, and deliverest
women in labor, to thee I dedicate this pine, and will yearly offer thee the sacri-
fice of a l>oar.

4-8. Triformis. Diana was Luna in heaven, Diana on earth, and
Hecate in the under- world. Cf. Verg. Aen. 4, 511. — Inminens villae
(meae, in Sabinis). — Tna esto, be sacred to thee. This ode was per-
haps written as an inscription. — Quam — doneiXl = u< earn donem, ctc.f
BO that I may joyfully, at the end of each year, give it, (in thy honor,)
the blood, etc. — Obliqnum ictnm. "This expresses the way in which
a boar strikes at an object with one of its projecting tuskf, with which
a wild hog has not rarely been known, when incautiously pursued, to
rip open a horse's belly."

Canii. XXIII. -Ad Phidylen. (730-732.)

Aboumkkt. — My humbl« Phidyie, lift thy handH to heaven, and bring the LarM
bnt incenne, fresh ajrn, and a sucking-pig, and they Hhall protect thy vine* and
fields and lamias. Herds and flocks, fed on Alghlus or Alba, arc for the t>ontiflceii:
du thou but crown thy gods with rosemary and myrtle, for it is the clean hand,
and not tho costly sacrifice, that comes with acceptance to the altar.

1-20. Snpinas manns. Tn prayer to the superi, the ancients held
up their hands before them, with the pahnH open and turned upward»
(supinaa), as if to receive blessings.— The Lares were the glorified spirits

828 NOTES.

of the ancestor? of a family, worshipped with the Penates as gods of
the household and the hearth, — 7. Aut where we should say iior.^
Alumni, as III. 18, 4, lambs and kids, " the nurslings of the flock." R.
understands the word in both places as meaning yow7?5f trees. — Pomifero
anno, i. e. Autumn. Anno, season ; whole for a part. — Victima, quae,
devota {destined for sacrifice) pascitur, etc. Among the oaks a pig
would feed, a heifer on the grass. — Te — myrto, it does not at all belong
to thee, croroning thy little gods (i. e. the small images of the Lares) with
rosemary and brittle myrtle, to prove them tcith the slaughter of many
sheep. Temptare, to tempt, to prove them, i. e. to try whether one can
persuade them to do what he wishes. Cf. fatigare, lacessere deos (I. 2,
26; II. J8, 12.) — Immnnis — mica. Immunis seems to mean "free
from the obligation of rendering sacrifice," and therefore, substantially,
innocent, pure. Some take it as meaning without an offering. Tr. If
a pure hand has touched the altar, {not more persuasive with a costly
victim,) it has appeased (gnomic perf. of a general truth) the estranged
Penates with meal offered-in-piety and crackling salt. Bent, and others
makQ sumptnosa hostia nom. to mollivit ; and various other construc-
tions have been proposed. The salted meal {mola salsa) was generally
sprinkled on the head of a victim before it was slain, but it was deemed
by itself an acceptable sacrifice for those who could not afford a greater.

Cann. XXIV. — In Avaros. (725-726.)

Argument. — Let a man be as rich and extravagant aa he may, yet, when Fate
overtakes him, fear and death will seize him. The wandering tribes of the North
-^ with their free plains and toils equally shared, where stepmothers are kind and
wives are obedient and chaste, and where crime meets with its reward — are hap»
pier tlian we are. lie who would gain a name for future times (for merit is only
recognized after death), let him put a check upon the licentiousness of the age,
Of what use is it to complain, if crime goes unpunished? Of what avail are laws
without morals f We are running everywhere in quest of money, urged on by the
shame of poverty. If we really repent, let us give our gold to the gods, or cast
it into the sea, eradicate the seeds of avarice, and strengthen oilr minds with
nobler pursuits. Our youth are idle: their fathers lay up wealth by fraud: yet,
let riches increase as they will, they always ^11 short of men's desires.

1-32. Intactis thesauris, abl. after the comparative. — Caementis.
The broken stone thrown into the water to form a foundation for build-
ings. Cf. III. 1, 35. — Licet, althmgh. — Verse 4 is a vexed passage.
Several of the best MSS. read mare Ponticinn, which R. adopts ; Lach^
mann conjectures terrenum and adopts publicum, (cod. Blandin. an-
tiquiss.j and recently found hy Y. in Harleian. E.), and he is followed

ODES III. xxiv. 829

by K., T., and others. Three objections are urged against the textti»
receptus ; the quantity of Apuliciim, (a very weak objection, consid-
ering the liberties taken by the poets with the quantities of proper
names;) the general use o( Aptilua (and not Apulicns) as the adj.; and
the fact that the eastern shore of Italy was not resorted to for summer
residence; which last is thus answered by Mc. : " This [allusion] applies
to the bay on which Tarentum is situated, and there the Romans had
handsome villas." Terrenum and publicum have to my ear something
strange; and, like 0., D., N., I think it safest to retain the old reading.
Figit. Last syl. considered as long in arsis and by the caesura. —
Summis verticibus, in the summit of thy roofs {atTwuara), in token of
her power over thee and of her unalterable decrees. — Nec — annua,
i. e. nor does it please them to till the soil longer than a year. Cf.
Caesar's account of the Suevi, B. G. IV. 1. — Defanctnm vicarias, and
him who has discharged his labor, a substitute, upon equal terms, relieves.
Aequali sorte, abl. of description, characteristic. — Temperat with
dat., 1« kind. — Adultero, abl. of person in whom she does not trust. —
£t — castitas, and fast-bound (certo foedere) chastity, shrinking from
any other man (than the husband). — Nefas, a crime against heaven : if
this consideration fails to deter any one from crime, the law of the land
punishes him with death. — Pater urbium more than pater patriae, and
nearly the same a,a pater urbis et orbis. N. — Quatenus, since. — Invidi.
Envy makes men disparage others while they live, and disparage their
survivors, by contrast, after their death.

33-64. Querimoniae, sc. profciunt. — Boreae, dat.— In Capitolium,
i. e. to the temple of Jupiter. — Lapides in connection with gemmas
often means pearls. — Inutile, litotes. — Bene, i. e. sincerely. — In-
gennns, well-bom. — The adj. Oraecns is used with some contempt, in
the same manner as the English and Germans often speak of French
ways. Cf. Cic. Tusc. I. 35 : ineptum sane negotium et Graeculum. — The
trochns was a circle of brass or iron, frequently set round with rings
or small bells, and driven like the modern hoop. — Seu malis, or, if
thou prefer. — Consortem BOCinm, his partner in business. — Scilicet^
it is very true. — Improbae, monstrous; suggesting a mingled idea ot
vast or measureless and wicked or flagitious. Improbus is a very fre-
quent epithet in the poets of anything immoderate or excessive. It is
often a severe tax on one's English to translate it adequately. — Tamen
— rei, still I know not what little sum (i. e. some little sum or other,
je ne sais quoi) is always wanting. I follow N. and R. in taking
cnrtae rei as gen. limiting nescio quid. Many scholars taK« H m
dat.

330 NOTES.

Oann. XXY.— AdBaccliiiin. (724-726.)

Argument. — Bacchus, whither dost thou hurry me ? In what woods or caves
shall I siijg of Caesar added to the gods, a new and noble strain, unheard beforef
As the sleepless Euiad looks out from the heights upon the sacred hills and rivers
of Thrace, so do I love to wander by the river-side and in the silent grove. 0
thou lord of the Nymphs, no vulgar strain will I sing. I will follow thee, for the
danger of thy company is sweet.

2-20. In governs both nemora and specns. — Velox mente nova,

tcinged hy my new enthusiasm. — Quibus antris, in tchat grottos (poet,
abl. of place ; N. " by what grottos," dative ;) shall I be heard as I strive
to set the undying /ame of Caesar among the stars and in the council of
Jove. — Dicam (aliquid) insigne, tqcqua, from fresh inspiration, (accu-
sative.) — In jugis, on the hill-tops. — Stupet prospiciens, stands rapt
as she looks out upon. Fede — lustratam, wandered-over by barbarian
feet (lit. foot). Barbarian, in the Greek sense, as Thracian and/oretgrn.
" The picture of the Euiad looking out with silent awe, through a moon-
light winter's night, upon the quiet plains of Thrace, and drawing in-
spiration from contemplating the scenes that her deity frequents, is very
beautiful." — Ut mihi. We have no other instance of ut following secus,
which is usually followed by ac. 0. thinks it justified by the analogy
of aeque ut (I. 16, 7-9), pariter ut, nee minus ut, perinde tit. Ut mlhl
devio libet, than I delight, as I wander, to admire, etc. Y. follows
Gessner and the older editors in putting a full stop after Jihodopen,
and translating TJt libet, " How I delight ! " — Naiadum potens, lord
of the Naiads. — Yerteie = evertere. — Dulce — pampino, Sweet is the
peril, 0 lord of the wine-press, binding my brows with green vine-leaves,
to follow the god! So R., Y. Most editors take cingentem with deum.

Oann. XXVI. — Ad Venerem. (730-733.)

Argument. — Till now I have fought and won. Now I hang up my arms to
Tenus. Here, here hang my torches, my bars, and my bow. Yet, 0 thou queen
of Cyprus and of Memphis, do but once lay thy rod upon the proud Chloe !

1-12. Nuper limits vixi. — Militavi. " Militiae species amor est.'* —
Marinae, sea-bom. — Ponite, sc. o pueri. — Divai vocative. — Sublimi,
lifted high. — Semel tange.

Oann. XXVII.— Ad Galateam. (733.)

Argument. — Let the wicked go on their way with evil omens. I do but pray
for thee that the storm may be averted. Be happy, go where thou wilt, and

ODES III. xxv.-xxviii. 331

remember me, Galatea. Fear not those idle omens : but see the rising storm : 1
know the dangers it portends. May they fall upon my enemy rather than on thee.
It was tlius Europa lelt her girlish task, and crossed the sea by night, but feareU
not, till she stood on the shore of Crete. Then, left alone in a stranjje land, awake
to her real position, she cried out in anguish; till at last Venus came, with her
son, and laugheil mischievously, and said: "Cease thy wrath, when the monster
shall come back to give tliee thy revenge. What, knowest thou not that thou art
the spouse of Jove? Away with sighs. Bear tby noble destiny, for one half ihe
world shall take its Uiime from thee."

1-35. Parra, perhaps the owl ; otherwise tr. lapwing, jay, and wood^
pecker. — Agro Lanuvino. Lanuvium was on the right of the Appian
Way, on which Galatea was to make her journey. — Similis sagittae,
i. e. shooting across like an arrow. — Oscines aves were birds whose
omens were taken from their note, as praepetes from their flight. —
Soils ab orta. Signs from the East were favorable. — Licet (per me).
Havis (esse felix). — Pronus Orion. Orion sets about the beginning
of November. — Ego being expressed is emphatic. — K"ovi. Perhaps
after the battle of Philippi. — Madias fraudes, the dangers which sur-
rounded her. — Palluit (from pallesco) with the ace. grew pale at. —
AudaZ, (just now so) bold. — 0 — nomen, 0 name of daughter which
I have abandoned ! 0. Some take//tae as dat., "abandoned by thy
daughter."

37-73. Levis — culpae, one death is (too) light (i. e. too mild a pun-
ishment) for the crime of virgins. — An — vana, or does an empty phan-
tom deceive (me) free from fault. — Through the ivory gate of Sleep passed'
false dreams, through the horn gate dreams which were verified. Horn.
Odys. 19, 562 ; Verg. Aen. 6, 894 sqq. — Orcum moror, I keep Death wait-
ing.— Tenerae — praedae, "and their young victim's blood runs dry."
Mc. — Sucus (succus), i. e. freshness of beauty. Y. — Speciosa, (while
yet) in my bloom. — Yilis, base. — Acuta leto, lit. sharp for death,
sharp to kill. LetO (dat,) = arf letum inferendum. — Nisi — pensum,
i. e. unless thou preferrest to spin at the command of a mistress. — Esse
nescis, thou knowst not how to be. Others, (by a Greek construction,)
** thou knowst not that thou art." R. and K. read nescis f

Oarin. XXVIII. - Ad Lyden. (724-732.)

Aboumi:vt. — Lyde, bring out the best CaecDban, and take wisdom by itof m, for
what can I do bctU-r on Neptune's holiday? The noon is past, make haste. I^t
OS sing; I of Neptune and the Nereids, thou of I^tona and Diana; both of ui
together of Venus; and we will not forget a song for Night.

332 NOTES.

4-15. Htinitaeque — sapientiae, " lay siege to wisdom in her strong-
hold." — Bibuli consulis. This gen. marks the date of the vintaga
Bibulus was cos. with Julius Caesar A. XJ. C. 69i, — Summo, at the
end of. — Fulgentes. See note on I. xiv. 19. — 16. Junctis oloribus,
with (drawn by) «wana yoked (to her car).

Oarm. XXIX. — Ad Maecenatem. (725-735.)

Argument. — Come, Maecenas, the wine and oil and the flowers are ready. Stay
not for ever gazing from a distance at the pleasant fields of Tibur, buried iu the
magnificence and the uproar, the wealth and the smoke, of Rome. The nch man
often likes to sup at the poor man's table. The days of drought are come back;
the shepherd seeks the shade, the flock the stream, not a breath is on the river-
banks: but thou art distracting thyself with imaginary dangers. Heaven has
wisely hidden the future, and does but smile at our fears. Live for the present;
all else is like the stream, that now flows in peace, now is swollen to a flood, and
sweeps all with it to the sea. He lives happy who lives to-day, and leaves to-
morrow to Heaven, seeing that Jove himself cannot undo what is done. Fickle
Fortune changes from day to day. If slie stays with me, I am glad; if she flies,
I am resigned. If the storm rages, I have no merchandise to fear for, and can
put out into any sea with safety in my little bark.

1-34. Tyrrhena, etc. Cf. I. 1. — Verso, broached, lit. turned or
tipped, so as to pour the wine. — Capillis, dat. — Udnm refers to the
rills watering the orchards of Tibur. — Telegoni juga, i. e. Tusculum. —
Fastidiosam, cloying. — Molem, (lit. the pile,) thy palace (on the Esqui-
line hill). From its lofty tower Nero looked down upon the conflagra-
tion of Rome.— Beatae, opulent. — 12. A fine characterization of a great
capital. — Sub lare = «M6 tecto. — Aulaeis, tapestries forming a canopy
overhead, or adorning the walls. Ostro, purple {coverings of the
couches). —Explicuere, perf. of a general truth. — Horridi, rough,
bristly. — Trepidat, is solicitous. — Quod adest, i. e. the present. —
Medio alveo, in the middle of its bed, and therefore quietly.

35-64. Etrusc'. Hypermeter "corresponding to the notion of the
wide, infinite sea." N., (who does at least full justice to hypermeters.) —
Una = «ecMOT. — Potens sui, master of himself. "Lord of himself,
though not of lands." — Doget sc. vitam. — In diem, day by day. —
Vixi, I have lived ; "I have done my duty, and enjoyed the blessings
of life." Quod — vexit, what once the flying hour has brought. Con., R.,
N. Others: "vexit = avexit." — Laudo (eam) manentem. Pitt's quo-
tation of this stanza in his lofty speech on resigning office, (modestly
omitting the clause et — involvo,) is well known. — Facisci, to bargain. —
Biremis scaphae, a two-oared boat, (rowed by a single rower.) — Pol-
lux^ twin-stars, i. e. Castor and Pollux.

ODES III. xxix. xxx.-iv. r. 333

Oann. XXX. — Ad Melpomenen. (730-736.)

This ode appears to have beeu written as an epilogue to the first three books.

Akucmcxt. — I have built myself a monumeut which storms shall not destroy,
nor Time him?elf. I shall not die, but live in freshness of fame so long us the
world endures. It will be said that I, a humble Apulian made great, was the first
to fit the Grecian strain to the l^re of Italy. Put on the bay that thou haat earned,
luy iiudel

3-16. Impotens (sui), violent, raging. — Possit, subj. after the rel.
quod = tale ut id. — Virgine sc. Vestali. Used collectively. On the
ides of every month the Pontifex Maximus went up to the Capitol to
offer sacritices to Vesta, her six virgins walking silently in the proces-
sion, while boys sang hymns in honor of the goddess. — Dicar princeps
deduxisse Aeoiium carmen (verse) ad Italos modos. — 11. "Scant of
water" an epithet belonging to the country, is applied by poetical license
to the king. — Fopalorum gov. by regnavit, according to the Greek con-
struction of verbs of ruling (being rulers of). — Aeolium carmen, i. e.
such lyrics as were sung by Sappho and Alcaeus, who wrote in the
Aeolic dialect. — Delphica lauro, i. e. "the laurel with which Apollo,
whose chosen seat is Delphi, crowns poets." — Volens, graciously. —
Compare with this ode the close of Ovid's Metamorphoses.

LIBER lY.

It is said that Angnstns wished Tlorace to publish another book of odes, in order
that those he had written In honor of Drusus and Tiberins (4, 14) might appear
in it. If BO. he collected a few composed «ince. and some perhap» before, the pnb-
licHtion of the three iHK.ks. Most of them are written In a serious and nobU
style; a few of a lighter btrain are Interhpereed.

Oarm. I. — Ad Venerem. (738-741.)

AROtnfKNT. — Art tbon at war with mc agiiin, VonuM? Spare me, for I am old.
Go to the yonng. Oo to Paulns, for he is noblf, handsome, clever. Give him the
▼Ict^jry, an<l he will give thee in return a marble stntuo In a shrine of citron, with
incense, music, and dancing, in his home by the Alban lake.

6. Mollibns — imperils, now intractable to thy soft commands. "Adieu
gay loves, it is too late a day ! " Clough's Mari Magno. — 9. In domnm

334 NOTES.

commissabere = in domum ibis commissatum. — 10. Ales, etc. (winged
with, i. e.) drawn hy the wings of thy brilliant (purpureis) swans. —
13. Decens, graceful. — 14. Pro, in the defence of. Non tacitus, i. e.
eloquent. Litotes. — 16. Centum, artium, of a hundred accompJish-.
ments ; gen. of description, characteristic. — 17, 18. Et — aemuli, and
when he has (lit. shall have) laughed {in triumph), more snccensful than
the gifts of his profuse rival. — 22. Duces, thou shalt inhale.

' Cami. II. — Adlnlmn Antonium. (738-742.)

Arqument. — Whoso would rival Pindar must expect the fate of Iciirus. His
numbers roll like a swollen river. Ilis is the bay, whether he tune the dithyramb
or sing of gods and heroes, of victors or of women bereaved. The swan of Dirce
soars to the clouds. I am but as a bee, sipping the flowers of Tibur. Thou, An-
tonius, shalt sing of the triumphs of Caesar, greatest and best, and of the holiday
rejoicings that hail his return: and I will add my small voice to thine: and we
will all sing songs of triumph, and will sacrifice, thou with bulls and cows, I with
a j'oung steer.

1. Aemnlari with ace, to rival in a good sense. — 2. lule, dissyl-
lable. — Ceratis — pennis, poises himself on wings secured with wax by
Daedalean art. — 3. Caturus nomiua, an allusion to Icarus. — 7. Fro-
fundo ore, with deep month. Abl. of description. The image of a
river is still retained. — 10. Nova verba. In his dithyrambs, (sublime
lyrics in honor of Bacchus,) Pindar forms many new words, which, long
compounds, are whirled along by his impetuous verse as great rocks
are carried down by a torrent : his measures, too, are free and bold,
lege solutis. Z. — 13-16. Allusions to Pindar's hymns and paeans in
honor of the gods, and encomia on kings and heroes sprung from gods.
17-20. The epinicia, odes of triumph for victors at the Grecian games,
(lo which class belong all Pindar's odes now extant,) are here alluded
to. — Caelestes, like gods. — Signis, statues. — 21-24. Dirges for the
dead i&pfjvoi). — (Si)ve plorat juvenem raptum flebili (weeping) sponsae.
Aureos, golden; pure, and worthy of all praise. — 25. A strong breeze
lifts the swan of Dirce (i. e. Pindar), as often as he soars, etc.

33. Majore — plectro, a poet of sublimer song. Abl. of quality. —
35. Per sacrum clivum = along the ascent of the Sacred Way. — 39. In
aurum priscum. to their pristine gold, i. e. to the happiness of the
golden age. — 46. Loquar, fut. — 46. Sol, i. e. dies. — ^2. I follow,
with K., the reading of almost all the best MSS. Triumph itself is here
addressed as a god. And thee, as thou movest on, Hn, Triumph ! more
than once we will sing. Ho, Triumph ! we, the whole state. — 53. Te, An-
tonium. Antonius is rich. — 64. Solvot, will free (from my vows). —

ODES IV. ii.-iv. " 335

67. Fronte, etc. The horns of the calf are like those of the moon
when she is three days old. — 59. Niveus videri, snow-white to he
teen. A Greek construction. C. 244, 3.

Carm. III. — Ad Melpomenen. (737, 738.)

ARGUlfETr. — He on -whom thou lookest at his birth, Melpomgne, derivea his
feme, not from the games, nor from triumphs, but from the streams and woods of
Tibur, inspiring him with Aeolian song. They have named me the tuner of the
Roman lyre, and envy assaults me no longer as it did. To thee I owe this gift of
pleasing, 0 Muse, who rulest the shell, and art able to give the music of the swan
to the voiceless fish, if thou wilt: my inspiration is of thy bounty.

*,* This exquisitely beautiful ode was written after the production of the Car-
men Saeculare, when Horace felt his fame assured.

2. Nascentem, at his birth. — Videris. The image here is taken
from astrology. — 3. Labor, contest. — 6, 6. Ducet victorem, shall con-
duct {" ravish " Bl.) to victory. R., N. Others : shall bring home victo-
rious.— 6. Deliis foliis, i. e. with laurel. Why called Delian f — 8. Con-
tnderit, ?ubj. after quod in a clause giving the reason as stated or
thought by those who offer the triumph. C. 230.— 10. Aquae, i. e. the
Xnio. — 12. Fing^nt nobilem, shall make him (i. e. shall so train and in-
spire him that he will become) illustrious. — 17. Testudinis aureae dul-
cem strepitum, "the sweet dash of the golden shell." — 18. Tempera»,
modulatest, tunest. — 21. Hoc is defined by quod monstror, etc. — 23. Fi-
dicen, (as) the minstrel. Predicate nom. with monstror. — 24. Splro, /
breathe (the breath of song), I breathe (poetic inspiration).

Oarm, IV. — Drasi Laudes. (739-742.)

Awaxnmrt.—Uike the young eagle Just darting on ita prey, or the young Hon
fresh from ita dam, waa Drusus when he mot the rude Vindellci, and made them
feel what hearts could do trained under the eye of Augustus. The bravo beget the
brave. The steer and the horse huve the blood of their sires, and the eiinle give»
not birth to the dove. But educatiim brings out the seeds of virtue. What Uoiiie
owes to the Nerones let the Mctaurus witnww, and the day which saw IInHdruUul
defeated, and drove the clouds and the fierce African from I>atiiim. Our Htren^th
grew and our god» returned from that day, and Hannibal was forced to cry, " A«
the doer might pursue the wolf, wo are pursuing those we should fly. Like the.
«horn oak, they gain strength with every blow, as the Hydra or the nionNlers of
TlielHt). Sink them in the deep, they rise more gloriouH, and overthrow their
victor in his strength. No more shall I send menenger* of victory to Oirtlmge;
fallen, fallen are our hope», and our fortune, for Ha»dnibal 1« gone I The hand
of a Claudius prosper», for Jore and hi» own tagacity delirer him from dangar."

336 NOTES.

1. Qualem, etc. The apodosis of this long opening (which gains
power as it proceeds) is to be found in the seventeenth Averse. The best
way to render it will be by changing the cases in ministrum and ju-
ventas: ^'as the thunderbolt's winged minister (i. e. the eagle) one
day (olim) by youth and native strength from its nest is driven, and
by the breezes of spring is fluttering taught," etc. Mc. — 4. In, in the
case of. — Flavo, auburn-haired. — 9. Faventeni (primo). — 10. Hos-
tem, (««) an enemy. — 13-16. Or a» the roe, intent oti glad pastures, away
from (having left) the udder of her tawny mother, has seen a just-weaned
lion, destined to die by his new tooth. I follow N. and R. in taking ma-
tris ab ubere with caprea, not, as many do, with leonem. — 17. (Talem)
videre, etc. — Baetis. Bcntley'a correction for Raeti, the MSS. read-
ing.— 18-22. Quibns — omnia. These lines seem to be a satirical
allusion either to some rival poem or to some prosy archaeological
treatise of his own day upon the origin or customs of the Vindelici.
We lose the point because we have lost the poem or the treatise. Bl. —
18, 19. Quibus — deductUS, and whence their custom was derived (which),
etc. — 22. Fas, permitted (us). — 24. Juvenis, i. e. of Drusus. See
Merivale, Hist. Rome, chap. 35, vol. iv. — Bevictae, " conquered in their
turn." — 27,28. Faternus, Ketones. Augustus was the stepfather of
Tiberius and Drusus, Tiberius Claudius Nero their father. Drusus was
born three months after his mother Livia married Augustus. — 29. For-
tibus et bonis, abl. of origin.

38. Metanrus is declined adjectively. CLfiumen Rhenum, A. P. 18.
On the battle, see Arnold's Hist. Rome, chap. 46. — Adorea, victory ;
from ador, " corn," an allowance of it being anciently a frequent reward
of public merit. — 40. Latio, abl. after fagatis. — Afer, i. e. Hannibal. —
42. TJt, ever since, or from the time when. — 43. Taedas, the pine-trees. —
48. Deos — rectos, had their gods (whose images had been thrown
down) again erect. — 50. Cervi, [like) deer. — 62. Fallere, to elude. —
69. Ab ipso ferro, from the very steel. — 63. In the country of the Col-
cbians, Jason sowed part of the teeth of the dragon which Cadmus
had killed, from which, as from those sown at Thebes by Cadmus,
armed men sprung up. — 65. Frofando, poet. abl. of place. — 66. Inte-
grum, fresh, " in all his strehgth." — 76. Carry safely through the sharp
perils of war, — I do not agree with Acr. and R. in making Hannibal's
speech end with line 72.

Oann. V. —Ad Augustnm.

Argument. — Too long hast thou left us, our guardian ; fulfil thy promise and
return as the spring to gladden our hearts. As the mother for her absent eon, so

\

ODES IV. V. vi. 337

does Rome sigh for her Caesar. Oar fields are at peace, the very sea is at rest,
our morals are pure, our women are chaste, the law is strong, our enemies are
silenced, each man lives in quiet and blesses thy name, as Greece tliat of Castor
or Hercules. Long mayest thou be spared to bless us, is our prayer, both morning
and evening.

*#* Written after the German victories celebrated in the last ode, and probably
not long before the return of Augustus iu 741 from his three years' absence in
Gaul and its neighbonng nations.

2. C. 189, 7.-9. Ut mater vocat (13) juvenem, etc.— 16. Icta, stricken.
19. Pacatam, t. e. cleared of pirates. 22. Mos et lex. This is the com-
bination required in III. 24, 35. 0.— 23. Simili prole, abl. of cause.
Simili, i. e. resembling their husbands. — 24. Comes, {aa its) companion.
29. Condit, closes. — 31, 32. Et — deum, and invites thee, as a god, to
the second course. "The cena of the Romans usually consisted of two
courses, — the mensa prima, of different kinds of meat, and the mensa
secunda or altera, of fruits and sweetmeats. The wine was set on the
table with the dessert, and, before they began drinking, libations were
poured out to the gods. This, by a decree of the senate, was done also
in honor of Augustus, after the battle of Actium." A. — 38, 39. Integ^O
die, when the day is entire, when we have still the whole day before us.

Carin. VI. — Ad Apollinem. (737.)

A kind of preface to the Carmen Saecolare. (See Notes, p. 845.)

Arocitint. — 0 thou, the pnnisher of Niobe and TitJ^os, and the slayer of Achil-
les, he who shook the walls of Troy was no match for thee, but fell under thy
strength as the pine-tree laid low by the axe, or the cypress by the east wind,
lie would have taken Troy, not by guile but by cruel force, but that Jove had
granted Aeneas to thy prayers and those of his dear Venus. 0 Apollo, support
the honor of my Muse. My inspiration is his gift. Ye virgins and boys, keep
time to my song, and sing of Apollo and Diana. 0 damsel ! when a bride, thou
Bhalt look back and say, "When the age brought back its festival, I sung the
hymn, acceptable to the gods, that the poet Horace made."

1. According to Homer {II. 24, 604) Niobe had six sons and six
daughters; according to Ovid {Met. 6, 182), seven; still other numbers
are given by different authors. — Magnae, proud, boastful. — 2. Raptor,
the ravisher. — 6. Filius is appositive with is understood (referring to
Achilles), the subject of quateret. — 9- Mordaci ferro, by the biting
steel, i. e. the sharp-cutting axe. — 13. The wooden horse is called Mi-
nerva's, as built by her aid {avv 'kHvji {Odys. 8, 493), divina Palladit
arte, (Aen. 2, 16). N.— 14. Sacra mentiio, feigning to be a votive offer-
ing.— Male, in an evil hour; unfortunately, unseasonably. It modifies
/eriatos.— lZ-lQ. Ille non falleret, he would not (like the crafty oon-
Hor. 22

338 NOTES.

trivers of the horse) steal in upon the Trojans, etc. — 17. Falam oaptis,
to those taken in ojjen war/are. The reading captis is supported by the
best MSS., and is satisfactory. — 19. In ureret as in falleret the imperf.
is used instead of the pluperf. for liveliness' sake. It brings the sup-
posed action nearer to us. C. 215, 4, 1. — Apollo is just, as the slayer
of the cruel (17-20), and the friend of Rome, as saving her Trojan
founders (23) from destruction by removing their terrible foe. — Fotior«
alite, icith more favorable auspices. — DuctOS, built; (lit. (irawn, alluding
to the furrow made by the plough marking their site.)

27. Maintain the honor of the Daunian (i. e. Apulian) muse ; main-
tain the honor of my song. (Others, " of the Italian muse " in general.)
As Horace had already written the Secular Hymn, his chief anxiety
now is that it shall be successfully brought out at the great festival ;
to provide for which he invokes the aid of Apollo, the teacher (25) of
the clear -voiced muses. — 28. Beardless (lit. «wootA-faced) Agyieus.
Apollo is invoked as god of the streets, because the celebration is to be
in the open air. — 29. Spiritum, inspiration. — 31. Frimae, i. e. noble.
35, 36. Observe the Lesbian (i. e. Sapphic) measure, and the beat of my
thumb (with which he gave them the time). — 38. Rite, in due form, accord-
ing to ancient ritual. — Face, in her torch, i. e. in her light. — 39, 40.
Celerem — menses, and swift to roll round the fast-descending months. —
41. Soon, wedded, thou shalt say. — 42. When the century brought back
the festal days. — 43. Reddidi, I sang (at the festival. A formal word). —
Docilis, well-taught in. — 41-44. You shall boast, young ladies, in the
midst of your families in future years, that you sang my hymn in the
chorus at the great Centennial Games.

Oarm. VIL— AdTorquatmn. (737-741.)

Argument. — The winter is gone, and the spring is returning, with its green
leaves, its gentler streams, and its Graces. The seasons change and remind us of
onr end ; but the "evolving year repairs its losses, while we go to the dust forever,
and we know not when it will be. What thou dost enjoy, thyself, is so much
taken from thy greedy heir. When thou art dead, Torquatus, thy family, thine
eloquence, and thy piety will not restore thee to life, any more than the love of
Diana could bring back Hippoiytus, or the friendship of Theseus, Pirithous.

2. Comae, their tresses, (the foliage. I. 21, 5 ; IV. 3, 11).— 3. Mutat
vices, undergoes her vicissitudes. Vices, cognate ace. R. says, " mutat
= niovitat." — 4. Fraetereunt, floto within. — 5. Gratia. The sing, pic-
tures each Grace, extending her hands to her sisters. — 6. Nuda. This
epithet reminds us of the genial warmth of the season. — 7. Ne speres.

ODES IV vii. viii. 339

C. 209, n. — Annus, the (changing) year. — 9-12. N. cites Goethe : Jahre
folgen auf Jahre; dem Friihlinge reichet der Sommer, Und dem reich-
lichen Herbst traulich der Winter die Hand. — 11. Effuderit, has poured
out (as from a full horn of plenty). Autumn is personified. — 13-16.
With these exquisite lines— how strangely pathetic to the Christian
reader !— cf. CatuU. 5, 4-6 :

Soles occidere et redire possunt :

Nobis, cum seniel occidit brevis lux,

Nox est perpetua una durmieuda.

13. Damna caelestia, their losses in the heavens. If the moons wane,
they wax again. So 0., R., N. Some tr. the losses of the seasons. —

16. Pulvis et umbra, dust (in the urn) and a shade (in Hades). —

17. Hodiernae summae, to the sum of to-day, i. e. to the days we have
already lived. — 19. Amico animo, to thy dear soul. — 21. Splendida
arbitria, {his) august decision. — 27. Theseus was brought up from
Hades by Hercules (Virgil to the contrary, Aen. 6, 617), but could not
bring his friend Pirithous with him.

Carm. VIII.— Ad Oeiisoriimm. (739-741.)

Argument. — If I were rich in statues and pictures, I would pive such to my
friends, and the best to thee, Ceiisoriiins. But I have none, and thou desirest not
these. What I have I ofifer, — verses in which thou dolightcst. No tnorninients
of marble, not their own mighty deeds, could ennoble the Scipios like the verces
of EnniuB. Thine own virtues must remain obscure but for the Muse. What
would Aedcuft or Romulus have been without her? She raises men to the Bkiea,
as she did Hercules, the Tyndaridae, and Liber.

2. Aera, bronze», especially Corinthian vases. — 3. Tripodas. In the
temple of Apollo at Delphi was a bronze altar on three legs, called from
its form rpinovf. Imitations of this tripod were presented to the victors
at the Pythian games. — 6. FeiTes, wouldst thou receive. — Divite me (abl.
absol.) = «i dives essem. It is the protasis in the sentence, of which
donarem, etc. is the apodosis. — ATiinm, workt of art, — S. Ponere,
i. e. to represent. — 10. "Res, fortune. Thou art rich enough to own all
the works of art thou desirest. — Deliciamtn, luxuries. — 12. Et —
maneris, and tell the value of the yift. — 18 sqq. Clarius indicant
laudes ejus (i. e. of Scipio Africanus the Elder), qui, etc. The burning
of Carthage by the Younf/er Scipio revived the fnme of the Elder, who
made Hannibal flee from Italy. — 20. Calabrae Piorides, i. c, the verse
of Ennius. — 27. HvritibxL» ^ beatit. — 29. Sic, i. e. through the favor
of the Muse.

840 NOTES.

Cann. IX.— AdLollimn. (738-742.)

Argument. — Think not that my verses will die: though Homer stands first
among poets, Pindar, Simonides, Alcaeus, Stesichorus, Auacreon, Sappho, — these
all survive. Helen was not the first woman that loved; nor Ilium the only city
that has been sacked; nor the heroes of the Iliad all tliat have fought ; but the
rest have been forgotten, because they have no poet to sing of them. Buried vir-
tue is little better than buried dulness. I will not, therefore, let thy labors pass
unsung, Lollius; thy sagacity and uprightness, thy mind free from avarice and
secure from corruption. It is not the possessor of riches that is wealthy, but the
man who knows how to use the gifts of Heaven, and to endure poverty, who hates
corruption, and is ready to lay down his life for his country or his friends.

1. Ne forte credas, that thou ahouldnt not perchance suppose. Verses
5-12 give the (/rounds for not supposing that Horace's verses will die. —
3. Horace is proud of having introduced lyric poetry among the Ro-
mans. — 7. Ceae, i. e. of Simonides of Ceos. — 7. Minaces. This epi-
thet applies to the martial and revolutionary odes of Alcaeus. —
8. Graves, dignified. —12. Puellae, i. e. Sappho. — 13-16. Arsit gov-
erns crines, as mirata governs the other accusatives. Mc. — Cultus,
state, pomp, splendor: (referring to his outward appearance, his bear-
ing, dress, etc.) — 18. Non semel — vezata, not ouce alone was a Troy
besieged (lit. harassed, molested) ; (other cities have suffered as well.)
So 0. Others, as R., N., Br., apply the statement to Troy exclusively :
" More than once was Troy besieged," viz. by Hercules and Telamon
{Strab. XIII. 1, 32), and by the Amazons, as well as afterwards by the
Greeks. — 29. Inertiae. Poetical use of the dat. after distat, instead
of the abl. with ab. In the same way Horace always uses discrepare,
differre, dissentire, dissidere with the dat. C. 177, 2 (end).

35. Bernm. prudens, experienced in aflfairs, hence sagacious in (bus-
iness or) action ; full of worldly wisdom and knowledge of the world. —
36. Rectus, erect, implies both unbent, unmoved, and morally upright.
37-39, The nouns vindez and consul (strictly appositive) are used
like adjectives to define animus, which itself is used where we might
have had the personal pronoun Tu es, etc. Bent, collects many in-
stances o? animus spoken of in the same way as a person; animus aesti-
mntor, contemptor, dominus, rex, etc. — 41 Judez, {as) a good and faithful
judge ; appositive, as is victor, to animus. — 42. Alto, lofty. — Nocen-
tium, of the wicked. — Catervas, troops (of tempters). 0., N. R. takes
it o{ euemi.es in war. — 44. Hnth carried safe his arms, victorious, Mc. —
46. Occupat, claims. — 61. Non ille timidus, not fearful he, etc.

ODES IV. ix.-xii. 341

Oann. X. — Ad Lignrinum. (737- 742.)

Beauty is fleeting.

2. Fluma, down on the cheek; (piuma, lta.1.) — Deciderint. Boys'
hair was allowed to grow till they assumed the toga virilis, when it was
cut off. — 4. Faniceae, blood-red (sanguinei coloris, Acr). — 6. Speculo,
abl. of instrument, where we should say in the mirror. " The mirrors of
the Romans at this time were only of metal, glass mirrors having been
introduced later." — Alteram = mutatum.

Oarrn. XI. - Ad PhyUidem. (737-742.)

Argtjment. — I have a good old amplioni of Alban, with parsley and i7y to make
thee a crown, Phyllis; silver on my board, and au altar that waits for the buc-
rifice; the slaves are busy, the fire is burning; come and celebrate the Ides of
April, for it is Maecenas's birthday, more sacred to me than my own. Tel^phus
is matcheil already, and is no match for thee. The fates of Phaeton and Bello-
roplion teach thee to beware of ambition. Come, and with thy sweet voice sing
the song I shall teach thee; song shall drive care away.

2. The wine of the Alban hills was of the better kind ; Pliny places
it third among the wines of Italy. — 3. Nectendis coronis. Dat. of the
gerundive to denote the destination or purpose. — 7. Yerbenis. See
note on I. xix. 14. — 8. Spargier = npargt. The only instance of the
archaic form of the inf. in Horace's odes. — 9. Cnnota manui, the
whole band, i. e. the whole household. — 10. Pueri is often used for male
alareit ; ptiellae for "ancillae," maid-nervants, or female slaves, very
rarclj, , but justifiable here in connection with pueri. — 11, 12. Thejlamea
flicker an-they -whirl (rotantes) the dark nmoke on their crent (vortiod).
Mc. — 15. Venus is said to have risen from the sea in April. — 16. Findit
seems to contain an allusion to the origin and meaning of Idn», which
is derived from the old Etruscan verb idnare = dividere. Y. — 22. Non
— javenem, a youth not of thy condition (or station in life). — 80. Pu-
tando, abl. of mode. — 31. Disparem, one thy tuperior (lit. not thy
match).

Oarrn. XII. — Ad Vergilitun. (739, 740.)

Who the Virgil was to whom thiw ode was addresseil we hav»> no moflnn of know-
ing. It is the prej)onderating opinion of critics that it was not the po»-t. flomo
llliwtrions scholars, however, contend that it v)ax the anthor of the Artield; nvp-
posing, of course, that It was written before his death (A. U. C. 736), although tint
published In this fourth book.

342 NOTES.

Argument. — The spring ia come, the frost is fled, the stream flows gently, the
swallow has built her nest, the shepherds are piping to Pan in the fields, and the
days of drought have returned, Virgil. Bring me a box of nard, and I will bring
thee in return some generous Calenian from Sulpicius's cellar. If my bargain
please thee, make haste; lay aside business; and, remembering that thou must
die, relax while thou mayest into folly for a time.

1. Temperant = <roMg'ttt7Znn«. — 6. Infeliz avis, Procne changed into
a swallotc. — 8. Begum refers to Tereus. — Male, wickedly, cruelly. —
11. Deum, Pan, (or Faunus.) — 15. Juvenum nobilium. " Haud dubie
Tiberius Nero et Drusus Claudius." R. According to Acr. and Porph.
either these two Nerones, or Augustus and Maecenas. — 18. Sulpiciis
horreis, in the store-houses or wine-cellars of Stdpicius (Galba), whither
we may suppose Horace had sent casks of costly wine to be stored. —
23. Immunem, without a return ; without thy bringing thy share of
the banquet. — 26. Nigrorum ignium, i. e. of the fires of the funeral-
pile. Black used metaphorically for sad, funereal. R. refers it to the
color of the ashes. — 27. Consiliis, dat. Wisdom is the large and
permanent quantity to which a short folly is to be added. — 28. In loco,
at the right time.

Carm. XIII —Ad Lycen. (736, 738.)

Argument. — My prayers are answered, Lyce. Thou art old, and would capti-
▼ate still ; but love abides only on the fresh cheek, and runs away from the withered
trunk, and from thee, with thy black teeth, and wrinkles, and gray hairs. Try
and hide thy years with purple and jewels, but the telltale records betray thee.
Where is the girl that I loved only next to Cinara? — whom Fate carried off too
soon, while it left Lyce to grow old, that her lovers might laugh at the torch crum-
bling in ashes.

7. Chiae. Chia is a proper name, like Delia, Leshia. — Ezcnbat. Cf.
Soph. Antig. 728 : Love, thou who couchest by night in the soft cheeks of
the maiden. — 13. Coan dresses (made in the island of Cos), of thin and
transparent silk or gauze, were worn especially by harlots. — Lapides,
precious stones, jewels, (especially pearls and emeralds.) — 14-16. Which
winged time has once inserted and stored up (condita inclusit) in the
public records. — 20. Siirpuerat = «wrrt>uero<. — 21. Post Ciiiaram =
post Cinarae mortem (IV. 1, 4). R., 0. — Artium g^atarum. A gen. of
quality added instead of a second adjective. — 25. Cornicis. See note
on III. 17, 13.

ODES IV. xiii. xiv. 843

Cajm. XIV. — Ad Augustum. (741, 742.)

Written in honor of Tiberius, and corresponding to tlie fourth ode, which ex-
tolled the warlike deeds of his younger brother Drusus.

Arocment. — With what honors shall we perpetuate thy virtues, 0 mightiest
of princes, whose strength the insolent Vindelici bave felt? With grejit slaughter
Drusus cast theui down from their heights, and Tiberius, drove them before liim,
as the bouth wind drives the waves, or the swollen Aufidus lays waste the corn, —
a scathless victory ; and thou didst lend thine armies, thy counsels, and thine au-
spices. 'Twas fifteen years from that day when Alexandria opened her gates to
thee, that Fortune brought this glory to thine arms. All nations bow down to
thee, from the east to the west, from the north to the south, 0 thou guardian of
Italy and Borne !

2. Plenis, adequate. — 4. Titulos, inscriptions, — b. Aetemet. This
verb is found only here and in a fragment of Varro. — Qua, as far as. —
7 8qq. Quem didicere, quid posses. The more ordinary construction
would be qui quid posses, didicere. The subject of the objective proposition
is here attracted into the leading proposition as the object of the verb.
M. 439, obs. 1. The meaning, however, is somewhat fuller and more
emphatic than that which would be conveyed by the ordinary con-
struction. The Vindelici have found thee out in feeling thy prowess in
war. On the general subject of this kind of attraction (which is par-
ticularly common in the Greek poets) see my note on Cicero's Tusc.
Disp. I. 24, 56. — 9. Milite. Used as a collective noun. — 11. Arces,
castles, fortresses. — 13. Plus vice simplici, with more than a simple re-
quital, i. e. with twofold vengeance. — 14. Major Neronum, the elder
of the Neros, i. e. Tiberius, afterwards emperor. — 17. Connect spectan-
dus with quantis: "worthy of admiration, with what great destruc-
tion he," etc., I. e. icorthy of admiration for the yreal destruction with
which he, etc. Quantis = quod taniis. In spectandus wc have a sim-
ilar attraction to that just illustrated in the note on line 7 ; the subject
of the objective proposition being here drawn into the leading prop-
osition, the verb {spectandus) being in the passive voice. — 18. Morti
liberae, to death in freedom. — 20. Prope indomitas. R.— 22. Scindente
nubes, i. e. by the showers which they cause. — 24. Through the mid$t
of the fires (of battle). — 26. Tauriformis. River-gods were repre-
sented with horns, and likened to bulls on account of the strength
and violence of their waters, or on account of their roaring (fitfiv*6rit
hire Tavpot. II. xxi. 2.37). — 30. Ferrata, niaiVcc/. "The barboriant
wore iron breastplates." — 32. Clade (of his own soldiers) : majort cum
periculo quam damno Romani exercitiu.

344 NOTES.

33, 34. Augustus had given Tiberius troops, his advice in regard to
the conduct of the campaign, and the good fortune which attended his
own auspices. See note on I. vii. 27. — 34. Quo die. On the same
day on which Alexandria was taken, Tiberius, fifteen years afterwards,
conquered the Raeti. — Alexandr-ca &nd -ia {'A\e^dv6pcia). Supplex.
Personification. — 36. Vacuam. Antony and Cleopatra being dead. —
40. Imperiis, thy imperial exploits ; " the wars carried on under thy
imperium." — 46. The three rivers indicate the countries of Egypt,
Dacia, and Armenia.

Oann. XV. — Angusti Landes. (741-745. )

Argument. — When I would sing of wars, Phoebus checked me with his lyre.
Thy reign, 0 Caesar, hath brought back our lost honor, with plenty and peace
and order, and the means by which our name and strength have become great.
Under thy protection we fear no wars, at home or abroad; the North and the
East obey thy laws, and we with our wives and children will sing of the heroe»
of old, of Troy, and Anchises, and of Venus's son and line.

2. Increpuit lyra, i. e. struck his lyre to check me. N. and R. join
loqui lyrd. — 6. Signa. The standards which had been taken from
Crassus and Antonius. — Nostro Jovi, i. e. to the temple of Jupiter
Capitolinus. — 8. Fostibus templorum. — 9. When this was written,
Augustus had twice shut the temple of Janus, A. U. C. 725 and 729.
He shut it for a third time in 752, six years after the death of Horace.
Other writers say Janus Qiiirinus instead of Janus Quirini. — 9-11. In-
jecit frena licentiae evaganti rectum ordinem. — 16. Porrecta (est). —
Ortus, poetic plural. — 21-24. The Danube indicates especially the
Vindelici; the Tanais {Don) the Scythians. — 22. Edicta Julia, the
laws of Augustus. (Why Julian ?) — 29. Virtute = virtutis munere. —
More patrum. It was the custom of old to sing songs at meals upon
the virtues of great men. Cic. Tusc. Disp. I. 2. — 30. Tibiis, abl.
The carmen is the principal thing. See note on xii. 27. Prom these
examples the student may learn the principle by which to decide whether
miaceo should be followed by the dat. or the abl. — 32. Progeniem Ve-
neris reminds us first of Aeneas, but applies kut' i^o^^v to Augustus,
who belonged by adoption to the Julian family, of which Augustus was
the reputed founder.

CARMEN SAECULARE. 34:5

CARMEir SAECVLARE,
Pro Incolumitate Imperi. (737.)

When Augustus had completed the period of ten years for which the imperial
power was at first placed in his hands (B. C. 27-17), he deterniineil to ceh-brate his
successes at home and abroad by a revival of the solemn festival, which, according
to an obscure tradition, was appcjiuted to mark the transition of each succeeding
age of the republic. The Quindecimviri were ordered to consult the Sibylline
books, and they reported that the time was come when this great national testival
(to which the name Ludi ikw^vUares was now for the first time given) should be
repeated. The ceremony was to occupy three days and nights, and, for some time
previous to its commencement, heralds traversed the streets of the city and the
neighboring towns, inviting every citizen to attend upon a solemn spectacle winch
none nf them had ever yet seen, or amid ever see again. Horace appears to have been
much pleased at being chosen poet-laureate of the occasion (see Carni. IV. :i, 6, 8,
and 9). The hymn was sung at the most solemn part of the festival, while the
emperor was in person offering sacrifice at the second hour of the night, on the
river-side, upon three altars, attended by the fifteen men who presided jver reli-
gious affairs. The chorus consisted of twenty-seven boys and twenty-seven girls
of noble birth, well trained for the occasion (Carra. IV. 6).

It is generally supposed that the hymn was sung by the boys and maidens in
the following manner :

Stanzas 1 and 2 (vpw^os), by the boys and maidens together.

3, by the boys.

4, '• " maidens.

5, " " boys.

6, " " maidens.

7, « " boys.

8, " " maidens.

Stanza 9 (//««r(^^(Jf),
verses 1 and 2 by the boys,
" 3 " 4 " " maidens.

Stanza 10, by the boys.
" 11, '• •' maidens.
" 12, " " boys.
" 13, " " maidens.
" 14, " « boys.
" 15, " " maidens.

Stanzas 16-1(

) {h(^66i\ by the boys and ma

dens together.

2. Decas, appositire to both Phoebe and Diana. — 4. Tempore saoro.
In modern phrase, "at this solemn hour." — 6. The parents of the
boys and girls selected for the chorus must belong to the senatorial
order, have been united by the strongest and most sacred form of mat-
rimony (con/arreatto), and both be living. — 10. Et, yet. — 11. Fosiil,
subj. of wish or prayer. — 13-16. The greatness of a state can be main-
tained only by the constant succession of new offspring. Ilcnco '!ii«
prayer. — Maturos — partus, to aid the timely birth. Y. — 16. The
ancients thought that their gods delighted in being addressed by many
names and titles. — 17. Producas, i. e. bring to maturity. — 17-20. Pa-
trnm decreta. Horace alludes to the lex Julia do adultcriis ct de
pudicitia. Lege maritl^ gov. by «uper. The lex mnrita is the Icx de
maritandis ordinibus (equestri et 8enatorio) ; its object wa« to encour-
age and regulate marriages. It imposed penalties on celibacy and on
married persons who had no children, — 21. The saeculum is marked
here as a period of 110 years. — 22. Orbis, cycle.— 2Z. Ter. " Thre*
days and three nights the festival continues, three times nine boys and

S4:6 NOTES.

,, three times nine maidens constitute the choir, three times before the
Mesode and three times after the Mesode the boys begin and the maidens
answer, and the Proode, Mesode, and Epode are the three divisions of
the hymn." N. — Grata, happy, joy fn], — "because illumined with
torches and altar-fires, and spent merrily in all manner of festivity," —
24. Frequentes, attended hy throngs (or hy multitudes) ; thus attesting
the continued populousness of the state. — 26. Semel, once for all. —
Stabilis — servet, and may the fixed hound of things (i. e. the destined
order of events) maintain ! — 31. Fetus, her (i. e. the Earth's) produc-
tions, both fruits and flocks. — 33. Notice the beauty of the order of
the words. — 35. Bicomis. The shape of the crescent moon.

37. Vestrum opus. Apollo protected Aeneas, removed his enemy
Achilles, and instructed Aeneas to found an empire in Italy. Diana
also espoused the cause of the Trojans. — 39. Jussa is emphatic. Pars
(appositive to " turmae "), a band. — 41. Fraude, loss or injury. — .
44. Plura relictis. For Rome is greater than Troy.— 46. Senectuti
placidae :

" Such calm old age as conscience pure

And self-commanding hearts ensure." — KebiU (quoted by Yonge).
47. Rem, wealth. — 49. Vos veneratur, asks of you in prayer. In its
signification as a verb of asking, veneror takes two accusatives. — 50.
The poet indicates and glorifies Augustus without mentioning his name.
61, 52. Cf. Verg. Aen. VI. 853 :

Parcere subjcctis, et debellare superbos.
53. Jam Medus timet. — Potentes mari terraque. — 54. Alban (of Alba Lon-
ga, the mother-city of Rome) = Roman. The secures, ensigns of author-
ity, (see page 314, line 17,) indicate consular or praetorian generals sent
by Augustus. — 65. Responsa petunt, a proud expression for the ordi-
nary legationes mittunt. — 53-60. The weak (trochaic) caesura occurs five
times in these two stanzas, which depict the blessings of peace and
comfort. N. — 63. Salutari arte, ly his healing art. Apollo's attri-
bute as the healer is one of his oldest. It is symbolized by the serpent.
65. Pal. arces, the palace of Augustus and the temple of Apollo on
the Palatine. — 67. Semper melius aevum. — 68-72. Proroget, cnret,
applicet. Subjunctive in prayer. May Phoebus, etc., and may Diana,
etc. — Diana had a temple on the Aventine and on Algidus. — Pue-
rorum, of the youths, both boys and girls. — 73. Haec sentire, lit.
have these (our) sentiments, are disposed as we would have them,
i. e. ratify our prayers. — 75. Chorus, reporto, tr. We, the chorus, etc.
Lit. /,• the chorus speaking in the singular number, as in the Greek
tragedies.

BPODES i. ii. 347

EPODON LIBER.

The name Epodea was applied to poems in which each second verse was shorter
than the first, or in which one of the verses was made np ot two metres of distinct
character (as in xiii.)- Those of Horace (to which he himnelf alludes under the
name of Iambics) were among the poet's earlier productions, written after the
Satires and before the Odes ; and most of them are of a Sittirical character.

Oann. I. — Ad Maecenatem. (723.)

Argcmest. — Thou art going into the midst of danger, Maecenas, to share the
fortunes of Caesar. Shall I stay at home at ease, or meet the danger with thee,
on whose life my happiness depends? I will go with thee whithersoever thou
goest. To what end shall I go ? As the bird fears less for her young when she
1» near them, so shall I fear less for thee, if I go with thee, and I go to win thy
love, not thy favors. Thy love hath given me enough. I seek not wide lauds or
fine houses and cattle, and gold to hide or to squander.

*«* Written early in 723, when Caesar Octavianus was intending to send Mae-
cenas against Cleopsitra and Antonius. This (h^sign, however, was abandoned, and
Caesar intrusted Maecenas with the care of Rome during his own absence.

1. IdbamiB, in Lihumian galleys. — Alta propngnacnla. Some of
the ship?, both of Antonius and Octavianus, had lofty turrets whence
missiles were thrown. — 4. TttO (periculo), abl. of cost. — 5. Nos (so.
/aciemut) =ego. — Quibus vita (est) jucunda, si te superstite. — 7. Jassi
(abs te). — 9, 10. An hunc laborcm (militiac) persequemur, laturi
{ready to bear it) (ei) mente qu^, decet non mollcs viros ferro? — 16.
Tunm quid, what interest of thine. — 21. Eelictis, dat. of the object of
anxiety. — TJt, supposing that, even if. — 23. Militabitur (a mo).— 27.
In the dog-days, flocks were driven from hot Calabria into the cooler
Lucania. — 29, 30. Nor that {for me) a splendid villa should touch the
Circaean walls of Tusculum on the hill. Tusculum waa founded by
TelegSDUfl, «on of Ulysses and Circe.

Oarm. IL-Alfiu8. (717-724.)

ABOtTHEirr. — "Happy is the man who Htm on hU farm, remote from the troo-
bles of the city and the dangers of war and of the eea. lie tr»ln« his vioei, or
watches his fl(jcks, or grafts his trees, or stores his honey, or shean hii fheep, or
brings offerings of fruit to Priapus and Silvanus, or lies in the ■hiide or on the
■oft grass, where birds are singing and streams are marmnring ; or hunte the boar,
or lays nets for the birds and hares, and herein forget» the pangs of lore. Olve
me a chaste wife, who shall care for my homo and cblldren, milk my goats, pr»*

348 NOTES.

pare my unbought meal, and no dainties shall please me like my cotintry fare, as
I sit and watch the kine and oxen and laborers coming home to their rest at
even." So said Alfius, the usurer, and, determining to live iu the country, he got
in all his money on the Ides, but put it out to usury again on the first of the next
month.

4. "Unshackled by the bonds of usury." "Who neither lends nor
borrows upon usury." — 9. Fropagine, abl. of means; although it does
not seem so in the English idiom. — 14. Feliciores, a poetical expres-
sion for more fruitful. — 16. Infirmas, tender. — 18. Agris, dat. of
sharing (N.) or of advantage. — 19. TJt, how. — 21. Qua = H< ea. —
25. Altis ripis, abl. of quality or description. — 27, Lymphis, abl.
of instrument. — 28. Quod = m« id with subj. of result. — 33. Levi. —
Rara, meshy. — 34. Dolos, appositive to retia. — 35. The short sylla-
bles in this line represent swift motion. The anapaest in the fifth place
may be avoided by making laqueo a dissyllable. — 37. Malarum (cura-
rum) quas amor habet. The noun put in the relative clause instead
of the principal clause. — 38. Haec inter, among such joys (or occupa-
tions.)— 39. Quod, and. See note on I. i. 35. " Quod si, Ja wenn."
N. — In partem, on her part. — 43. Perhaps to prepare a bath. N.j
also, as 0., to prepare food, and dry their limbs moist with perspira-
tion (as is the custom of the modern Italians). — 49. Juverint, etc.
Apodosis to si juvet, etc. (39 sqq.) — 50. Scari, the sea-bream. Others,
the char. — 61. If a storm, descending in thunder upon the eastern waves
drive any to our sea. The scarus was generally taken oflF the coast of
Syria, but sometimes, after east storms, in the Italian seas. — 63. Afra
avis, supposed to be the guinea-fowl ; (and it is not bad eating.) —
64. Attagen. Variously tr. moor-fowl, wood-cock, and snipe. Bl. says
"the Ionian snipe is to this day incomparably the best of the snipe
race." — 62. The tribrach represents haste. — 63, 64. Do you not see
the very scene, as you read these lines ? — 65. Fositos, reclining at
supper. — 66. Renidentes, (with the fire-light.) Others, "polished."
N. makes it agree with vernas. — 67-70. An unexpected conclusion,
"such as Heine loves." (N.) — Ealendis. The first "cash-day" after
the Ides.

Oann. III. — Ad Maecenatem. (719-725.)

Horace here vents his wrath against some garlic which he had eaten the day
before at Maecenas's table, and which had disagreed with him. He seems to im-
ply that Maecenas had played a practical joke upon him, and the whole epode is
full of humor and familiarity.

Argument. — If a man has murdered his father, only make him eat garlic.
What poison have I within me ? Was a viper's blood in the mess, or did Canidia

EPODKS iii. iv. 849

tamper with it? Surely with such poison did Medea anoint Jason and alay his
intended bride. Apulia in the dog-days never burnt like this, nor the cojit on
llercules's shoulders. If ihou dost ever take a fancy to such stuff, Maecenas,
mayst thou ask fur a kiss and be refused 1

1. Olim (from ollus = ille) ever. — 3. Edit, may he eat! An old form
of the pres. subj. — 4. "Garlic and wild thyme, pounded together,
were used by Komau farmers to recruit the exhausted reapers. (Cf.
Verg. Eel. 2, 10.) The most famous mixture of the kind was called
moretum, and composed " {epluribtis u»u«, Verg. Morel. 103) *' of garlic,
parsley, rue, coriander, onions, cheese, oil, and vinegar." — U. Ignota,
unwonted. — 12. Such poison made Jason proof against the flames and
fury of the fire-breathing bulls. — 13. Pellicem, her rival (Glauea or
Creusa). — 14. Medea fled in a chariot drawn by winged dragons.
Serpente, abl. of means. — 15. Sidernm vapor, the heat of the dog-
days. Vapor = calor, the effect for the cause. — Insedit from iuaido.'-'
17. Munus (Nessi).

Oann.IV. (716-718.)

ABOtmKTVT. — I hate thee, thou whipped slave, as the lamb hatea the wolf nnd
the wolf the lamb. Be thou never so proud, luck doth not change the breed.
Bee, as thou swaggerest down the road, how they turn away and say, " Ilc-re is a
scoundrel who was flogged till the crier was tired, and now he has his acres, and
ambles on his nag, and sits among the Equites, and snaps his flngi-r at Otho and
his law. What is the ufie of our sending ships to attack the pirates, if such •
rascal as this is to be military tribune?"

*»* A burst of indignation «gainst an npptart who had raised himself by l)ase
means to rank ami wealth. Th« Hup<;rKciii)tionH in MSrf. vary; eg. Jn Vetiium
Jiu/um, III Me.nam, etc.; O. and R. prefer the former.

3. Hibericis fanibas. These were cords made of aparttim, usually said
to be the Spanish broom. — 4. DurS. compede. — 7. A» thou meature$t the
Sacred Way. Metieiito " shows the man's strut and swagger." The Via
Sacra was the most frequented street of Rome, and a favorite lounge.—

8. The effect of so wide a toga would bo to give a broad imposing appear,
ance fo a man's person. Mc. Cf. Cic. in Cat. 2, 10 : velin nmicfon. non tn,jit.

9. Ora, etc., turuH the facet of the fannern-hy hither and thither (away
from thee).— 11, 12. The triumviri rapitalen were magistrate» of police,

,and they had the power of summarily punishing slaves. A crier stood
by while floggings were going on, and kept proclaiming the oflfender'l
crime. iMc — 15, 16. If the person was a military tribune, he had
equettrian rank; and, if of one of the four first legion», ho had a seat
in the senate, and wore the latua clavut. See Sat. i. 6. 25. If be had

350 NOTES.

an income of 400,000 sesterces, he could, under the law of L. Roscins
Otho (passed B. C. 67), take his place in any of the fourteen /con* rows
in the theatre, and laugh at Otho, whose purpose was to keep those
seats for persons of birth. See Epp. i. 1. (52. Mc. — 17, 18. Rostrata
ora (prows) tot navium, etc. — 19. Sex. Pompeius (B. C. 38) manned
his fleet in great part with pirates and slaves.

Carin. V. — In Oanidiam. (714-720.)

There is much likeness between this singular Ode and part of the eighth Satire
of the flr-st book. A scene is represented in which Canidia is the chief actress.
She is passionately in love with one Varus, whom she calls an old sinner, but whose
heart she is resolved to win. To this end she resorts to magical philters, for the
composition of which, in company with three other witches, Sagana, Velia, and
Folia, she gots a boy of good family, strips him naked, and buries him up to his
chin in a hole, in order that tliere, with food put b»:iore liim, he might wither
away in the midst of longing, and so his liver might form, in conjunction with
other ingredients, a love-potion, to be a(lministere<l to the faithless Varus. What
could have put such a scene into Horace's head, it is hard to say.

Canidia is one of the few names of which we may l)e sure that it represents a
real person. The scholiasts say that her real name was Qratidia, and that she was
a Neapolitan seller of perfumes. f*

1-10. The boy speaks. — 1. Quicquid with the partitive gen. denotes
emphatically the comprehension of all the objects alluded to. For other
ne«ters used for persons, see my note on Cic. Tusc. I. ii. 5. — 6. Verig,
genuine, of children not stolen from other women. — 7. Purp. the purple
stripe of the toga praetexta, worn by children (and nobles). In addition to
this toga, children of free parents wore a small round plate of gold, bulla,
suspended from the neck. — 9, Stepmothers were charged with cru-
elty.— Uti = ut, as. — 12. Insignibus, the praetexta and the bulla. — 15.
Brevibus, in shape both short and thick. — 24. Colchicis, Colchian,
i. e. magic, such as the Colchian Medea was wont to kindle.— 26. Aver-
nales, from lake Avernus. — 27. Horret asperis (with bristling) capil-
lis. — 28. Currens. As Sagana is represented running about furiously,
the rushing of a boar is not a bad simile. It is intelligible to any one
who has seen a wild hog bursting from a jungle, and then tumbling
along the open plain faster than dog or rider can follow him. Mc. —
30. Humum. The grave was dug in the open court, the impluvium,
within the house. — 32. Quo = «< eo, in order that in it. — Posset ine-
mori, longo die, spectaculo dapis bis terque {= /requerdly, while bis
terve = rare^^) mutatae (changed, to increase the boy's longing). —
38. The bodies of persons swimming or treading water. — 41. Maso.
libidinis, gen. of quality or description. — 44. Omne, every. — 45. Ex-
cantata Thessaia voce. The Thessalians were famous for witchcraft.—
47. Hie, abverb. — 67. Quod = ut id, so that ...at it. — 68. The Su-

EPODES. V. vi. 351

bnra was a disreputable street in Rome. — 61. Minus, too little; almost
naught. — 63. Pellicem. Creusa or Glauce. — 66. Abstulit = conaumpait.
69. Join unctis oblivione. Canidia had smeared the couch Varus slej)t on
with drugs to make him forget all women but herself. — 72. Carmine,
incantation. — 76. Marsis VOCibus, i. e. by common spells or charms,
learnt from the Marsi. — 77. Majns =^ofen<iu». — Tibi, Varus. — 78.
Fastidienti (me). — 79, 80. And sooner shall the heavens sink beneath
the sea, the earth being spread above. Inferins, three sj'llables. — 82."
Bitumen burns with a thick, smoky flame and a strong odor. — 83. Sub,
upon, immediately after. 84. Lenire, sc. tentabat, historical inf. Impias,
the impious hags. — 86. Thyestean curses, such as Thyestes imprecated
on the head of his brother Atreus, who had killed his two sons. —
87, 88. Sorceries cannot change the great laws divine of Right and Wrong^
as they can things human. (Z. 453 in Jine.) Of the numerous expla-
nations proposed for this diflScult and doubtful passage, this is perhaps
as satisfactory as any which retains the readings of the MSS. An-
other (placing commas after venena and ne/asque) deserves notice :
" Witchcraft (can confound) the great distinction of right and wrong,
it cannot avert the retribution of human crimes." I like K.'s conj.
humana invicem (see lihein. Mus. 1863, pp. 28isq.). — 89. Diris, with
curses. — 93. Umbra, {as) a phantom. — 94. For such (quae) is the
power of the Manes divine. The spirits of the dead were, to their sur-
viving kindred, divinities, Dii Manes. — 97. Vicatin?, /rom street to
street. — 99. Post, afterwards. — Membra (vestra). — 100. On the Cam-
pus Esquilinus malefactors of the lower sort were executed, and their
bodies left for the vultures and jackals to devour. Mc. — 101. Farentes
(meos).

Cann. VI. (716-720.)

Commonly «uperscribed In Ocurium Severum, (an oriitor mnch yoanfcer tbail
Horace,) bat more generally thought to be agaioBt some •narling uiid nialevolent
poet.

L Hospites, strangers. — Canis, (as) a dog. — 3. Quin veftii, icAy
dost thou not turn f — 6. Amica vis (lit. a friendly strength) = n power-
ful friend. Cf. Verg. Aen. 4, 132.— 10. Snijfeat at the food thrown to
thee. Thy show of fierceness is soon quieted by a bribe. — 13. Qualii
gener (i. e. Archilochus) spretus infido Lycambae (dat. of agent; more
strictly, there lies in spretus the signification " who was not good enough
for.)" — 14. Bupalo, dat. after acer. — Hostis, i. e. Uippooaz. — 10.
Flebo, ut puer ?

852 NOTES.

Cann. YII. — Ad Populmn Eomanmn. (711-722.)

A bitter lament on the renewed outbreak of civil war. It has been referred to
various periods in the long struggle ; but an early date is probable.

1. Dexteris, dat. — 2. Conditi, {lately) sheathed. — Z. Super campis
atque Neptuno {the sea). — 8. The Via Sacra descended from the Carinae
to the Forum, and then ascended to the Capitol. — 9, 10. Sua dextera. —
12. Dispar, i. e. an animal of another species. — Feris (agreeing with
lupis and leonibus), /erce though they be. — 13. (Vos) caecos. — Vis
acrior, some superior power, some fatal decree of destiny, — 19. Ut|
ever since. — 20. S&cei, freighted with a curse.

Carm. IX. — Ad Maecenatem. (723, 724 R^

In honor of the victory of Augustus at Actium.

Argument. — When shall we drink under thy tall roof, Maecenas, to Caesar the
conqueror, as late we did when the son of Neptune lost his fleet and fled,— ho
who threatened us all with the chains his slaves had worn ? Will our sons believe
it ? Romans have sold themselves to serve a woman and her eunuchs, and the
luxurious gauze has fluttered among the standards of war! But their allies de-
serted to our side, and their ships skulked from the fight. lo Triumphe! bring
forth the golden chariot and the sacrifice. So great a conqueror never came from
Africa before. The enemy hath changed his purple for mourning, and hath fled
to Crete or the Syrtes, or knoweth not whither to fly. Bigger cups, boy, — Chian,
or Lesbian, or Caecuban, — we will drown our old anxieties for Caesar in wine.

1. Ad,/or. — 6. Tibiis, abl. See Carm. I. i. 32 note. — 6. Hac (sonante),
illis (sonantibus). The Dorian mood was the lowest of the three prin-
cipal scales of ancient music, and its strains are warlike, grave, and
severe; the Phrygian (here called barbarum), the next higher, was
adapted for revelry and mirth ; the highest of all was the Lydian. —
7. Actus =/ugatus. — (In) freto. — Neptunius dux. Sextus Pompeius,
on account of his successes on sea, gave out that he was the son
of Neptune. — 10. Servis is governed by detraxerat, but also limit»
amicus. — 12. EmancipatUS feminae, surrendered as a slave to a teaman
(Cleopatra). — 13. Valli were stakes, of which every soldier carried
one or two for the purpose of defending the agger or mound of earth
formed round an encampment or a besieged town. Arma includes not
only weapons of offence and defence, but an axe, saw, chain, etc. The
accoutrements of a Roman soldier were very heavy, but they had slaves
{calones) who helped to carry them. Mc. — Spadouibus. Cleopatra's
chief councillors were eunuchs. — 16.. Conopium, a mosquito-net of

EPODES vii.-xiii. 353

gauze. — 17. Hoc, accus. governed by frementes =fremitu indignantes.
Ci-ying out at this indignantly. — VertSrunt by systole. — Bis mllle
(xalli, cavalry of Gallatia (or Gallo-Graecia) who deserted to Octavi-
anus, shouting "Salve, Caesar!" — 19, 20. Some of the ships of the
enemy retired from the battle, swiftly hacking water (and sailing) to the
left (pappes sinistrorsum citae), and took refuge for the time in the
harbor. — 21. A gilded chariot was used by conquerors in their tri-
umphs.— 22. Intactas. Heifers that had not been under the yoke
were offered in sacrifice at the close of the triumphal procession. Afri-
canus triumphed B. C. 146 for the conquest of Carthage, and Marius
B. C, 104 for his victories over Jugurtha. — 24. Jug. bello, from the
Jugurthine war. — 25. KTeque (reportasti) Africanum (parem). Scipio
Africanus Minor. — Cui, etc., ybr whom Valor has built a monument over
the-ruins-of Carthage. Africanus was not buried in Carthage, but its
ruins are the eternal monument of his glory. — 27. Terra marique.
There was no land engagement, but all the soldiers of Antonius, when
he deserted them, laid down their arms. — Funico — sagum, exchanged
his purple cloak {paludamentum worn by the generals, as the sagum
by the common soldiers) for one of mourning. Mutavit, see note on
I. xvii. 2. — 30. Non suis, i.e. unpropitious. — 35. Fluentem nau-
seam, " the rising qualm." — 36. Metlre is equivalent to misce, because
the wine and water were measured out and mixed in regular propor-
tions by means of the cyathus.

Oarm. X. — In Maevium Poetam. (716.)

A bitter malefliction on the calamnious poetanter Maevins. (Cf. Verft. hd. Hi.
00.) Iluracu imprecates Hhipwreck upon him, in a voyage he is about Ukiug to
Greece. Tliis ode is the exact opposite of 1. ilL

7. Quantus frangit, as strong as {token) he breaks. — 11-14. An
allusion to the storm in which Ajax, son of Oilcus, when returning
victorious from Troy, was destroyed by Pallas, in her angt-r at hifl
maltreatment of Cassandra. {Aen. 1. 39).— 21. Quod si, if, then.

Oarm. XIII. — Ad Amicos. (712-723.)

R. conjfctnrcs that this cmIo wan writtnn hy HoraJ-e in camp at Phllippl, between
the first Lattle, in which Brutus conqmrwi, ami CassiiiH, routed, fell by bi« owu
band, and the second, in which the cause of Brutus was loKt.

2. Jovem. Jupiter is identified with the aether; the beaTcns thcra-
eelves seem to be falling in the storm. — Si-lu-ae (—silTae) triiyllable.
Hor. 23

354 NOTES.

3. Threici ! o AquI-. The elision of the o is prevented by the caesura,
and also by the Greek form (ep>7?*c(». — 4. Virent, are fresh (in their
health and strength), — 5. Obducta fronte, /ro/w the clouded brow^ —
Senectus, here melancholy, gloom. — 6. Tu applies to the master of
the feast. — Meo. Torquatus was cos. in the year of Horace's birth. —
8. In sedem, into their {proper) place. — 9. Mercury, the inventor of
the lyre, was born on Mount Cyllene. — 11. Centanms, Chiron; his
grandis alumnus, Achilles.— 14:. Lubricus, swiftly -gliding. — 15. Certo
SUbtemine, with the sure thread (lit. woof) of destiny. — 16. Mater cae-
rula, Thetis. — 18. Dulcibus alloquiis (appositive to vino cantuque)
the sweet solace.

Oarm. XIV. — Ad Maecenatem. (720-724.)

Argument. — Thou killest me, my noble Maecenas, asking again and again if I
have drunk the waters of Lethe. It is love, it is love that keeps back the verses
I have promised, — such love as Anacreon wept. Thou, too, feelest the flame ; and,
since thou art more blessed than I, be thankful.

3, 4. Ut si trazerim {I had quaffed), arente fauce, pocula ducentia
Lethaeos somnos. — 5. Occidis (me). — 8. Ad umb. adducere, i. e. to
complete. The umbilici or cornua were bosses upon the end of tho
rollers upon which the sheet of the volumen was rolled. As evolvere
librum is to open or begin, ad umbiliettm venire or ducere is to come or
bring to a close. Y. — 12. (In the simplest measures.) — 13. Non pul-
chrior ignis (i. e. Helen) accendit obsessam Ilion. Cf. Marlowe's
lines in Faustns :

"Was this the face that launched a thousand ships,
And burnt the topless towers of Ilion f "

Oarm. XV. — AdNeaeram. (712-726.)

The poet reproaches Neaera with infidelity, reminds her of her vows, and predicts
h.er inconstancy to his wealthier rival.

4. In verba mea, i. e. to the form of words which I dictated. The
phrase in verba jurare is properly used of taking the military oath. —

5. Atque (after the comparative) = quam, than. So often in the Satires.

6. Lentis, pliant, twining. — 12. Flacco. " When used as a separate
designation, the praenomen implies consequence, the nomen dignity,
and the cognomen /amt7iart7y." — 14. Parem, one equally constant with.
himself. — 16. Nor will my resolution yield to thy beauty (when) once {it
has) become odious (ofEensae). — 16. Dolor, indignation, — 21. Senati.
Bee L xxviii. 10.

EPODKS xiv.-xvi. 355

Cann. XVI. — AdPopulmnEomanum. (712-717.)

Aegcment. — Another age is wasting in civil wars. She whom no enemy conld
tame, shall be destroyed by her own accursed children ; the wild beast shall devour
her; the barbarian shall trample upon her, and scatter the dust of her Romulus
to the winds. What are we to do? Go forth like the Phocaeans, leave our homes
and our temples to be the dens of beasts, and go wherever the winds shall waft
us. Shall it be so ? Then why delay ? But let us swear : When rocks shall swim,
and the Po shall wash the tops of Matinus, and the Apennine be ca.st into the sea ;
when the tiger shall lie with the hind, and the dove with the hawk, and the herds
fear not the lion, and the he-goat shall love the waves, — then we will return to
our home. Thus let the nobler spirits resolve, while the craven clings to his .couch.
For us there are those Happy Isles where the earth yields her harvests and the
trees their fruit, unbidden; where honey drops from the oak, and the stream leaps
babbling from the hills; where the goat comes unbidden to the milk-pail, and
udders are full, and the fold fears no beasts, and the ground bears no vipers; where
the rain-flood and the drought are not known ; whither the venturous sail come*
not; where the flock is unhurt by pestilence or heat." Jove destined these shore?
for the pious, when the golden age had passed away, and thither the pious may
go and prosper.

This lK?autiful ode is among the earliest productions of Horace, and itt style has
the exuberance of youth together with the true ring of genius. Written at tha
lowest ebb of the poet's political fortunes, when he was tempted, in bis dj-spalr, to
believe that honest men could no longer find a home in Rome, its bright picture of
the happiness of the fabled Fortunate Isles kIiowh us how he found consolation In
poetic dreams. "The metre chosen, a combination of hexameter and pure wna-
rian iambic, has a stately harmony snite<l to grave, earnest thoughts, and passing
no less easily into a flow of happy aspirations."

1. Altera aetas, a «econd generation, (from the time of Marias and
Sulla.) — 5. Capua aspired to rivalry with Rome. (Atr. 23, 1 sqq.) —
6. Novia rebus, in times of sedition. The allusion is to the conduct
of the Aliobroges in and after the Catilinarian conspiracy. — 7. "All
the Germans," says Tacitus, " have fierce, blue eyes, red hair, and large
bodies." — 9. (Nos), impia aetas, eic. — \Z, Carent, etc., lie concealed
from winds and suns. A grave of Quirinu.s was shown behind the
Rostra, notwith.standing the story of his translation. — 16. Perhaps ye
ask, in common (i. e. all of you together), or the worthier part, ichnt may
conduce to our freedom from our wretched ralamlftes. — 18. Exsecratfti
under a voio (a curse). — 21. Ferent (nos). — 23. 8ic placet? The
poet fancies himself addressing a meeting of the citizens. —Mellui,
(anything) better. — 24. Ratem OCCUpare. i. e. to embark at once. — 26.
In haec f verba). — 25, 26. Nc sit ncfas redirc, simul (as soon as) snx»
rena(vc)rint, levata iini.^ vadis. — 30. In what case is nova f Determine
by the metre. — Monstra junxerit, shall form monstrous «nioH». — 31.

TJt, so that.— Subsidere, to pair with.— 33. Kavoi, tawny. — SA. Levii,

356 NOTES.

(proleptic), become smooth (as a fish.) — 35-37. Haec (cognate accusa-
tive) exsecrata {having taken these vows), et — dulces, eamus, omnis
civitas, aut — grege. — 45. The olive-crop is a fickle one: "one good
year for two bad ones is the accredited average." — 46. Suam, its native
(i.e. ungrafted). — 52. Intumescit, heaves. — Alta, deep, rich. — 66.
TTtrumque, both the rains and the heat. — 57-60. No venturous sail
has reached these islands. — Colchis, i. e., Medea, — Hue torserunt
COrnna, have turned their sails hitherward. Comua, the tips of the
sail-yards. —62. Aestuosa impotentia, the burning violence, i. e. the
violent (or excessive) heat. — 66. Quorum {from which) depends on fuga.

Oann. XYII. — In Oanidiam. (715-729.)

Argument. — Horace. I yield. Stay, stay thy wheel. Enough have I been
punished, 0 thou that art loved of sailors and of hucksters! I will pay thee any
penalty, — sacrifice a hecatomb, or praise thy virtues in lying song: thou art not
debased by thy parent's sins, thou dost not scatter the new-buried ashes of the
poor, thy heart is kind, thy hands are pure, thy son is thine own, and thy births
are no pretence.

Canidia. Why waste thy prayers upon ears deaf as the rock lashed by the
waves? What! shalt thou laugh with impunity at our mystic rites? What
profit, then, have I of the skill I have learnt? Death in every form shalt thou
seek, and it shall not come. I will bestride thee, and spurn the earth in my pride.
Must I, who can move images, bring down the moon, or raise the dead, — I, the
mingler of love-charms, see my spells of no avail for such as theef

1. Do manus, / surrender. Lucret. II. 1042 j Caes. B. G. V. 31. —
3. Diana as Hecate. — Non movenda, i. e. not to he provoked. — 7. And
swiftly hackicards turn, 0 turn thy wheel. Strictly, relax thy wheel (so
that it may run) swiftly backwards. Citum (part, from cieo) with retro.
The magic reel, (turbo ^dftliog,) imparted its own restlessness to the
object of the spell; sometimes, as here, confusing the senses of its
victim and inflicting torture, sometimes attracting the beloved one to
the dwelling of the slighted lover (Theoc. 2; Verg. Eel. 8). — 8. Movit,
i. e. ad misericordiam. Nepotem Nereium, Achilles, the grandson of
Nereus (the father of Thetis). — "The poet heightens the ridicule of
the piece by citing Achilles and Circe for the imitation of the worthless
Canidia." — 11. Homer does not mention the fact that the Trojan ma-
trons anointed Hector's body; but Horace only makes them do what
the Greeks did for Patroelus. Mc. — 12. The first foot is a daetyle, the
third and fourth are tribrachs ; the multiplication of short syllables pic-
tures the ravenous haste and eagerness of the birds and beasts of prey.
Homicidam, ivipo^ovov. — 13. Be3(, i. e. Priam. — 15. Exuere setosa

EPODES xvii. 357

membra duris pellibus (of swine, into which Circe had changed them).—
17. Circa. Bentley observes that in the Epodes, Satires, and Epistles,
Horace uses the Latin terminations; in the Odes, the Greek (e. g. Circe).
17. Mens et sonus, i. e. reason and speech. — 18. Honor, i.e. the dig-
nity of manhood. — 21. Fugit (mihi). Horace speaks ironically. —
23. Odoribns = unguentis. — 24. Ab, after. — 25. Est, is it possible, is
it allowed me. — 27. Negatum, (what I once) denied. — 28, 29. That
Sabine charms are lashimj my heart, and that my head is splitting tcith
Marsic spell. The Sabine, Pelignian, and Marsian women had credit
above others for witchcraft. Mc. — 35. Than dost burn as a crucible
filled with Colchian drugs. — 36. Finis, i. e. death. — 40. The subj.-accus.
of sonari is the clause Tu — anreum. — 42. Offended at the /ate of
calumniated j^e/en = (simply) offended at the slander of Helen (by
Stesichorus in his 'Wlov ripan). Castor and Pollux (or, in the Greek
legend, Helen herself) struck the poet with blindness, but removed the
penalty when he wrote a eulogy of Helen in recantation. — 48-52. While
Horace pretends to recant, he makes his language more libellous than
ever. — 48. It was the practice to bury the ashes nine days after death.
60. And Pactumeins is the child of thy womb (not supposititious).—
56, 59. Ut tu riseris . . . ut impleris (impleveris). Ut, in a question
or exclamation, with the subjunctive, expresses scorn and indignation.
It may be explained by the ellipsis of Fierine potest or Verumne est,—
66. Cotyttia. The rites of Cotytto were very impure, and, like other
works of darkness, secret. — 68. Canidia calls Horace in derision priest
of the witch-rites on the Esqniline, because he had witnessed them (Epod.
5, Sat. I. 8) ; and a priest, alone of men, was permitted to be present
at female orgies. There is a similar taunt in curiosus (77). — 60. Pro-
derat (mihi). Canidia lavished money upon the old Pelignian witchet
to induce them to teach her their craft. — 61. Velocius, i. c. praeaen-
tins,efficacius. — 62. Votis, than thy wishes.- 63. (Tibi) misoro. — Du-
Cenda, to be prolonged. — In hoc, for this purpose, to this end. —
73. Fastidiosa, "loathing existence." — 74. Notice the tribrnchn. —
76. Movere, to give life to, or to make them move as if they had lift.
80. Temperare, to mix.

358 NOTES.

SATIRARYM

LIBER I.

It was a boast of the Romaus that Satire (Satira or Saturd) is a kind of poetry
peculiar to their nation, and developed independently of Grecian influences.
Horace had as his model in this style of composition a Roman knight named
Caius liUcilius, born B. C. 148. The same name had already been applied to a dif-
ferent kind of poetry by Ennius (born B. C. iSQ). The word itself, derived from
satur, (after the analogy of Zanx satura, a dish filled with various kinds of fruit,)
means a medb-i/, miscellany, farrago, olio, olla podrida. It was applied to poetry
with reference to the diversity sometimes of the subjects treated of, sometinieii
of the kinds of verse introduced; from the latter characteristic to the satires of
Ennius, from the former to those of Lucilius and Horace.

It was the object of Lucilius, in his medleys, to paint the life, the spirit, and the
manners of Rome in his day; and in the inroads of luxury, and the gradual decay
of the ancient discipline, he found ample occasion of ridicule and censure. Hence
his compositions often l>ore the character which we call siitirical; and for a like
rean-on we find the same character in the similar works of Hora^; yet that this
was not then considered as the essential quality of Satira appears from several of
the satires of Horace (e. g. II. vii.) in which few or no tmces of it appear. Homce's
Satires are, in the main, humorous pictures of the times and manners. That he
himself applied to them the name Satirae. appears from II. 1, 1 and ^, 17. He also
calls them, together with the Epistles, Sennones, as written in unassuming style,
in the language of familiar conversation.

Satdie I. (716-719.)

This satire treats of the universally prevalent vice of dissatisfaction with one'a
own lot and position in life; the eager desire of jtossessing more than others;
and the avarice which would always accumulate, and never begin to enjcjy what
has been acquired. The poet shows that men's discontent with wliat thej'are and
with what they have, arises from their looking enviously at those before them,
instead of comparing their own advantages with the lot of men less favored than
themselves. Thus they lose all quiet enjoyment, and fill their whole lives with
the toil and restless competition of a race.

1-3. Qui fit, how does it happen. Qui, an old abl. — Ut nemo vivat
contentus ilia (sorte) quam seu ratio (reason, reflection, deliberate
choice) dederit sibi, seu fors objecerit (has thrown in his way), (sed
quisque) laudet diversa (studia) sequentes those who follow different
pursuits (from his own). From the universal-negative clause nemo (ne
heme) vivat, we take a universal subject for the affirmative clause,
(quisque) laudet. This construction is frequent in Greek and Latin,
and sometimes occurs (perhaps accidertally) in English : e. g. Sydney
Smith (cited by Y.) : " No one would laugh to see a little child fall, and
would be shocked to see such an accident happen to an old man." —
4. Gravis, iceighed down. Annis, years of service. — 6. Mercator
(ait). A mercator is a wholesale merchant who himself travels with

SATIRES I. i. 359

his ship. — 7. Quid enim ? For how is it ? or simply And why f —
Concurritur, the armies meet, the shock of battle comes. — 8. MomentO,
in the short space. — 9. JuS applies to the whole science of jurisprudence,
the sources of which are found in the decrees of the senate, the edicts of
the magistrates, and the rcsponsa prudentum, as well as in the leges, leget
to the laws in a narrower sense. — -10. There is a humorous exaggera-
tion in making the client call to consult the expounder of the law at
80 early an hour. — 11. Ille. This strongly demonstrative pronoun ia
used for liveliness' sake, pointing out the man as if he were before us. —
Datis vadibas, having given bail that he would appear in court when
required. Vadibtts from vas, a surety. — 13. Cetera de genere hoc.
Horace takes this phrase from Lucretius, who uses it not infrequently. —
14. Loquacem Fabium. Such personal allusions had a humor and
point for Horace's contemporaries, which we can only supply by imag-
ination.— 18. Miles (eras). — 18. "Partibufl, an expression borrowed
from the stage ; having changed your parts in the great drama of hu-
man life. — Eia, come on! Forward! The interjection is hortatory.
Mc. tr. aicay ! — 19. Nolint. Apodosis, the protasis being Si quis deus
dicat, etc. — Atqai, and yet. — Licet (iis) esse beatis. The well-known
attraction of the case of the predicate adjective. — 20. By the question
quid causae est the same idea is conveyed as by the statement nihil
impedit, and hence quiu follows with the subjunctiva — Illif, againH
them, dat. gov. by inflet.

23. Jocularia, sc. agit or narrat. — 24. Horace justifies the humorous
tone into which he had fallen in the expression huceas iujlet. — 25. Olim,
from time to time. — 28. The sound echoes to the sense. Z. — 33. Ex-
emplo, sc. lis ; two datives. The ant is the model or illustration which
they eite. — Magni laboris. This gen. of a noun and adj. denotes a
permanent quality of the noun defined (formica), which is modified by
the adj. and noun in very much the same way as it would have been by
an adverb and adj., viz.: mngni laboris = rery laborious. — 36. Quae —
&tea., but it. Horace's answer, — 38, 39. Cum demoveat. (7m «i with
the subj. expressing a comparison and contrast. Tr. oum, tchile on the
other hand, whereas. C. 214, 3, 2. From this passage to verse 107
we have a dialogue between the poet and the supposed avaricious man.
43. Quod si COmminuas, because if you were to take from it. Quod fi
= atsiid. 45. Milia centum, sc, morfiuw. — Triverit (fmmtrro), con-
cessive subjunctive, (instead of a conditional clause.) — 46. Hoo, on
this account. Abl. of cause, — Ao, than. — 47, Inter yenalei (— servos).
The scene is that of a rich man's slaves preceding him into the oonn*
try, some carrying provisions, and particularly town-made bread, io

360 NOTES.

netted bags, others with different burdens, and some with none at all,
Mc. (Kr. takes it of a gang of slaves going to be sold.) — 49. Quid
referat viventi, ichat difference does it make to one who lives, etc.
The well-known dat. of the person whose interests are affected. Ee/ert
is almost always, however, construed with the gen. — 52. Parvo (acervo).
64. Liquid! = aquae. — An uma held about tbree English gallons, a
cyathus one-twelfth of a pint, a wine-glass. — 57. Quos, any. — 58. A
special river is introduced for poetic individualization. Horace always
recurs with pleasure to his native river, the Aufidus, which is still de-
scribed as " a rapid and violent stream at some seasons." — 69. Eget =
desiderat. — 62. Tanti — sis, i. e. because you are valued according
to your wealth. Sis is subj. in oratio obliqua, although the sentence
was begun with the ind. (est) as oratio recta. — 63. Quid facias illi ?
What shall you do /or such a man as that? The abl. illo would mean
with such a man. — 64. Quatenus = quoniam. — 69. Quid rides 1 The
miser's laughing is explained by some as denoting that he did not con-
sider the example of Tantalus as at all applicable to himself, by others
as showing the skeptical derision in which he held mythological fables.
Cf. Cic. Tmc. I. 6, 10; 21, 48.— 70. Saccis, money-hags. — 11. Tamquam
sacris, as if sacred offerings. There is a play of words in saccis and
aacris. — 72. Cogeris, passive as middle. — 73. Quo, to what end, for
what. — 74, 75. Adde (ea)quis (=quibu8) negatis, etc. — 80. Frigore,
ague, fever-chills. — 82. Assideat. Notice the force of ad, sit hy thy
bed. — 86. Postponas omnia argento. (Tmesis. ) — 87. Merearis. Subj.
in a subordinate relative clause by assimilation with the mood of the
principal clause. C. 226; H. 529, II., n. 1; A. 342; G. 666; M. 369,-
Z. 547. — 88. NuUo labore (tuo). Nature gives us friends in our rela-
tives, within any trouble on our part. — 91. Campo, the Campus Mar-
tins, the favorite place for equestrian and other exercises.

92. Denique, in short. — Plus, more (than when thou began). — 94.
(Eo) parto. — In ne facias quod there is a combined meaning of that
thou mayest not act as and that thou mayest not /are as. — 98. VictUSi
gen. — 105. Tanais was a eunuch, the father-in-law of Visellius was
ruptured. — 107. Ultra citraque quos. — 108. Illuc, to that point or that
proposition. — Ut, namely, that. — 109. Laudet, see note on line 3.—
110. Gerat, subj. as the thought of the third person alluded to. —
114. Carceribus, the starting-places in the circus or race-course; (lit.
enclosures, barriers ;) a kind of stall, where the chariots and hors6s
stood until the signal was given.

SATIRES I. i.-iii. 361

Sat. II. (713-716.)

A satire upon those who run into one extreme to avoid another. Tigellius lar-
ished his money indiscriminately upon strollers and quacks ; another man, avoid'
ing prodigality, refuses help to a starving friend. One squanders his fortune upon
luxurious entertainments; the usurer Fufidius, extreme in his exactions and hi&
wealth, is no less so in the penury of his living. So in matters of dresa or fop»
pery, nil medium est.

1. Ambubaiae were Syrian girls who played, especially in the circus,
on stringed instruments, pipes, castanets, and tymbals. Collegia is
used humorously, as if they formed a corporation or society recognized
by the state. — 8. Ingrata, inaatiahle. lie that never has enough is
never grateful. — Stringat (=deminuat, consumat), lit. stripa bare; a
metaphor from stripping the foliage of a tree. — 14. Qninas mer-
cedes, sixty per cent, interest; lit. five per cent, each (month). The legal
interest was twelve per cent., or one per cent, a month. — Capiti, /rot»
the capital.— 16. Nomina, "bonds, or bills,"— 18, 19. At — hie, "Hut
of course he spends liberally upon himself in proportion to his gain."
"Not so." — 20. Terenti fabula, the "Self-Tormentor," (Heautonti-
morumenos.) — 26. Subductis, sc. tnnicis.— T&stiUoB, eaten to sweeten
the breath, and similar to cachous aromatises.

Sat. III. (715-720.)

On the duty of judging others charitably, hh vre wish to be Judged onrselvet.
In the coarse of his remarks on this subject, Horace falls u|)on two of the Stole
absurditift»; one, that all faults are alike (v. 96, sqq.), which he meets l.y the Kpi>
curean ahsurditv that expediency is the foundation of right; and the other, thiit
every wise manVthat is, every Stoic) Is endowed with all the gift* of art and for-
tune' from the skill of the mechanic to the power of a king. With a jent upoD
this folly the satire closes.

4. Hoc, this trait, this way. — Caesar, Octavianus. — Qni with 8ubJ.,
although he. — 5, 6. Si peteret, non proflceret, if ever he bcfought
him, never accomplished anything. The subjunctive, 0. eayn, dcnot«f
here indefinite times and places of the action ; Kr. calls it potential.
This is not a conditional sentence, in which the imperf, refers to present
time ; nor is the imperf, subj, here used instead of the pluperfect. —
Patris, i, e, of his adopted father, Julius Caesar. — 6, 7. Eggi were
eaten in the gustns or promvlsis, which preceded the regular meal, and
consisted of articles calculated to provoke the appetite. Ab ovo usqm*
ad mala, from the eggs to the apples (of the dessert), was a common
expression for "from the beginning to the end of the feast."-— 7. lo
Bacche. These words were probably either the beginning or the refrain

362 NOTES.

of a song, and used to denote the whole song, as in similar instances
in modern times. The lengthening of the e (arsis and caesura) is
unusual, but it may represent the singer's peculiar pronunciation.
The conj. of Turnebus, Bacchae, approved by Lachmann, has beea
found to be the reading of a few MSS. It is adopted by R., and justly
commended by Kr. — 7, 8. Modo, etc., now in the deepest note (i. e. the
bass), now in that tchich resounds the highest /rom the /our strings (of the
tetrachord, the oldest and simplest form of the lyre). Suvitna vox is
the note which comes from the highest string, which was the deepest in
sound ; in like manner the lowest string gave the highest note. Chordis
instrumental abl., although best tr. by /rom. Some scholars take it aa
dat. — 9, 10. Saepe currebat velut qui (curreret) fugiens hostem ; per-
saepe (incedebat) velut qui, etc. — 11. Sacra, sacred oflFerings ; (borne
with slow and solemn step in a religious procession.) — 12. Talking now
of kings and tetrarchs ; boasting of his familiarity with the great. —
13. The cheapest tables had three feet, the costliest only one. — 14. Poor
people used a shell instead of a salt-cellar of gold or silver. — 16. Decies
centena, sc. milia sestertiAm, "a million." — Dedisses. Notice the
omission of «i. — 20. Immo is always corrective: Nay, (I do not say
that I have none, but.) — 22. Dare verba, (to give mere words, "verba
pro rebus,") to impose upon. — 24. Amor, self-love. — 29. Iracundior,
too (or rather) quick-tempered. — Est sc. aliquis. — Acutis naribus, i. e.
to the exquisite taste. (Sarcastic.) — 30. Horam, of these men of to-day.
(Hie referring to the present.) — 31. (Ei) rusticius tonso.— Male haeret.

34. Te ipsum concute. Cf. George Herbert in the Church-porch :

" Salute thyself; see what thy soul doth we.ar.
Dare to look in thy chest, for 'tis thine own;
And tumble up and down what thou find'st there."

35. Qua, ace. pi. neut. of the indefinite pronoun. — 38. Qnod, that. —
39. Decipiunt =/aZ^wn<, are unnoticed by. — 44-48. "Nominibus mol-
lire licet mala." The father gives mild names to the personal deform-
ities of his children. There is additional humor in the fact that the
softer names he gives are also the cognomina of (generally illustrious)
families in Rome. —49. Ineptua. Cic. de Orat. II. 4, 17. — 66. Sin-
cerum, clean. — 5B. Pingui. The reader can hardly fail to be familiar
with the construction by which the name given is put by attraction in
the same case (the dat.) as the person to whom the name is given. —
59. NuUi malo, masculine. — 61. Crimina, accusations, slanders. —

63. Simplicior, too impulsive, unsophisticated.— Et est (talis), qualem.

64. (Aliquem) legentem. — 66. Sensu, perception (of what is becom-
ing), sense of propriety, tact. — 70. Cum vitiis. Cum, preposition. — ^

SATIRES I. iii. iv. 363

Inclinet pluribus hisce (dative). — 76. Vitium (nequit). — Irae, "gen. of
apposition" or of specific definition. C. 13.3, 5. 83. Hoc, this (which
follows,- or of which I am going to speak). — 87. The Kalends was
pay-day. — 88. Nummos, the capital. — 89. The usurer Ruso wrote
wretched histories or stories, to which he made his debtors listen. —
90. Lectum, the couch at the dinner-table. — 91. Worn by the hands
of Evander, the old Arcadian king, (Verg. Aen.) Horace ridicules the
Roman passion for costly antiquities. — 96. Fide, old dat. = fidei. —
96. Q,ui8=quibus. — Laborant, are in difficulty. — 98. Utilitas, expe-
diency.— 110. Editior, the superior. — 113. sqq. It was the Epicurcaa
notion that the distinction of right and wrong was not inherent and
natural, to be recognized in itself, (as the Stoics and the Platonic school
rightly contended,) but determined by expediency. — 114. As she divides
(food (i. e. agreeable, desirable) things from their opposites (i. e. a nialis).
116. Vinoet, will prove, will establish triumphantly. — Ratio, reason-
ing, logic. — 117. Legerit = rapuerit Ye\furatus sit. Sacra legere, hence
sacrilegium. — 120. Ut caedas, as for thy beating, etc. — 121. (Illud)
non vereor. — 124. Si (is), qui sapiens est, est (125) dives, etc. — 126.
Cur optas quod habesi Why dost thou, a wise man, wish to be king
(123, 124), if the wise man is a king already ? — 127, 128. The crepida
was a low shoe or slipper; the solea a plain sandal fastened over the
instep by a strap. — 128. Qui, how ? — 133. It had lonjr been the custom
in Rome to shave, unless one affected the appearance of a philoso-
pher.— 136. Latras. This word implies a resemblance between the
Stoics and the Cynics. — 137. Quadrante, /or a farthing ; (at the luwo«t
price, and among the lowest class of bathers.)

Sat. IV. (715-724.)

Horace defend» himself aKainot the chargw of malevolence. He d«><irril>«i th«
rise of Koman satire with Lucilius (1-13) niid ridicules Crisplniis and other yrn-
teriders to poetry (14-'^). Men hate |M)et«, for fear that thoy will satirixe llielr
vice» (25-38). Horace rate» his own pretension» nuKli'wtJy, and ulancc» at I ho
character of a true (Kiet (39-^/2). He juntifle» candid and friendly raillery, mm con-
trasted with Helfij*h, ill-natured wit and malignity, from which he pr<>ndM>i« that hi»
satireK shall he free (64-103). Mis hahit of det^-rring men from vice l.y |Miinth>K
to example», he derive» from his father, whose paternal solicitude and sound mom
an applied to his own education hu unfolds with grateful alTectiou (lUSaqq.).

1, 2. The Greek comedy was divided into three period», the Old
(prisca or fetus), the Middle, and the New. The Old (whose three chief
poets Horace names here), in its unrestricted license, dealt with raftl
persons and facts; in the Middle the facts were real, but the oamM
fictitious; in the New, both facts and names were ioTeated.— 4. Forot*
subj. of what waa so in their opinion. C. 230, 232; II. 516, II. ; A.

364 NOTES.

321, a; G. 541. — 6. Hinc, ex istis, upon these. — 7. The prevailing verse
in the comedy was the iambic trimeter; Lucilius used chiefly the hex-
ameter, but sometimes iambic and trochaic verses. — 8. Em. naris, i. e.
of nice judgment. A singular metaphor. — Durus, etc., harsh in the
composition of his verses. Componere is used as an ace. of specifica-
tion.— 10. Dictabat, (to his amanuensis.) — Stans — uno. A humor-
ous proverbial phrase, to mark the ease and speed with which he wrote.
11. Cum, since, inasmuch as. — 13. TJt — moror, as for {his writing)
much, I care nothing. " Moror, I delay, dwell on, regard."— 14. Minimo,
for a very small stake ; (he offers me the greatest odds, he will bet with
me '-a hundred to one.") — 15. Accipiam sc. ego guo^i/e. — Tafcellas,
tablets for writing. — 19, 20. A verbose and pompous style is here ridi-
culed. The spondees represent the apparent effort of the bellows. — 22.
It is probable that the friends of Fannius of their own accord {ultro)
presented him cases for his books and a bust of himself, as a "testi-
monial" of their admiration; or it may be that Fannius himself sent
his bust and cases of his works to a public library. A capsa was a
round box, suited to hold one or more rolled volumes. — 23. Timentis
agrees with mei implied in mea (22). — 24. Juvat. See note on Carm.
1. i. 4. — Flures, ace. by assimilation with quos. Utpote, etc. =quippe
cum plures culpari digni sint. 0. — 28. Arg., acre. Statues, vases, and
plate. Acre, abl. of cause. — 29, 30. From the East to the West. Kr.
tr. "from sunrise to sunset," of time. — 31, 32. What is the meaning
of ne after verbs of fearing, what of ut 1 — 34. A wisp of hay was
attached (as a sign) to the horns of dangerous oxen. — 37. From the
hake-house and the reservoir (whence poor people got water).

39. Foetas. The ace. and the dat. are both proper in such construc-
tions.— 40. Concludere, to round out. — 43. Genius, inspiration, and
lofty style. — 45. Quidam, i. e. the grammarians of Alexandria. —
(Utrum) comoedia esset poema, necne. — 48. At, etc. A supposed reply,
urging that strong passion is often depicted in poetry. — 49. Nepos
filius, his dissolute son. — 62, 53. But fathers in every-day life scold
their sons with equal passion. — 54. Purls, simple, unadorned, " proper "
as opposed to metaphorical. — 56. Personatus, in the play. What is
the original meaning oi persona f — 60. Ut si, as (you would find), if. —
60, 61. A quotation from Ennius. — 61. The allusion is to the custom
of opening the gates of Janus in time of war. — 62. Etiam (et jam),
still. — 63. Alias {at another time) quaeram (utrum satira) sit j. p.
necne. — 66. Libellis, indictments. — 69. Ut, even if, although, " say
that." — 71. The bookseller's taherna was sometimes under a portico,
and the titles of books for sale were hung upon a column (pila) in

SATIRES I. iv. V. 365

front. Habeat, subj. in a wish. — 72. Quis = qinbu». — 73 sqq. It was
yery c minou iu Rome for silly poets to recite their own verses in publio
places. — 79. Hoc, accus. — Studio, purposely, from natural preference.

80. Qjiis = aliqnis. 0., R. — 84. Commissa, i.e. secrets intrusted to
his honor. Cf. Sat. I. 3, 9o. — 86. Four guests on each of the three
couches at table was an unusually large company. Three on each
generally made a full table. — 87. Quavis (ratione). — 88. The host
furnishes water, for drinking, by itself and mixed with wine. — 92. Sat.
I. 2, 27. — 102, 103. Ut, etc. I promise {as) truly, as {I promise) ichat-
ever (lit. if anything) else I can promise of vxyself. — 105. HoC, ace. of
the thing, insuesco having here the construction of a verb of teaching. —
106. Notando quaeque vitiorum exemplis, ut fugerem ea, (i. e. ea
vitia.) — 114. Deprensi (in adulterio). — 118. Custodis. See Sat. I. 6,

81. — 123, The Praetor Urbanus selected annually a certain number
of reputable persons from whom were chosen by lot the Judices for each
trial. In Horace's time these jndices select! were eligible from tho
Senators, Equites, and Tribuni Aerarii. — 126. Avidos, qlnttons, intem-
perate persons. — 130. Q,v1h ^ quibus. — 133. "Consilium proprium
is the counsel a man takes with himself, when he reviews his life, and
is bent upon correcting the errors of it." — 134. The public porticos were
favorite places for sitting and promenading. — 136. Quidam (fecit). —
138. Oti = otii. — 143. Horace alludes to the zeal of the Jews in prosely-
tizing.— Hanc, i. e. our. We will compel thee to join our ranks.

Sat. V. (717.)

This «atire in a hnmorouH relation of a journey to BnindiKJum, in which IlnmM
Kcompanied MaecoiiK», wlio was eniploycd cm tin; Htiit«! «•iiilKWMy wliich ncpitiated
for AiigiHtiis the amicable arraii}f«in«'iit with Antonitix dcsinnated aa thi- trvaty
of Tarentum (A. U. C 717). See Me.nvaU iil. 197 (Am. wl.)

The Htudcnt should read thiH satire with a map of Ancient Italy o|>en before him.

2. Hospitio, inn. — 5. Iter div., i. e. we took two days for our jour-
ney from Home to Forum Appii ; more active (alt. praeo.. lit. girded
higher) travellers take but one. — Ac = qnnm.—% The Appian ( Way)
it less disagreeable /or slow (travellers). The road was now in bad con-
dition, and riders on mules (as were probably Horace and hl« com-
panions) would be jolted, and bespattered with mud, if they rode
fast. Some comm. think the party went on foot in this part of their
journey. I can testify that the stones of basaltic or volcanic rock with
which the Appian is paved are trying to tho feet, — 9. Jam noz, etc.
A humorous imitation of the dignity of the epic style. — 11. Pueri,
the servants (slaves) of Horace's party and of other persons waiting to

366 NOTES.

embark : nantae, the boatmen of the canal, {Foma Augvstt, called also"
Decennovium from its length of nineteen Roman miles, leading through
the Pomptine marshes from Appii Forum to Anxur.) — 12. Ingerere,
historical inf. — One slave calls out to the boatman, " Come alongside
here ! " Another remonstrates against his taking so many parties of
men and slaves on board, three hundred being a general expression for
a great number; a third cries, ** Hold ! now there are enough ! " Some
comm. ascribe the two last speeches to one slave, others to the boatman :
and some give all three speeches to the same person. — 15. TJt — dum. —
16. Viator, (a /oot-)traveller, who was walking alongside of the boat.
Many comm. apply the word to one of the paaaenrjers, some to the mule-
driver. The nauta is the hoatman who drives the mule, either from the
boat, or (more probably) walking on the tow-path. — 24. LavimilS.
Horace here uses the third (the oldest and original) conjugation, instead
of the first. — 25. Pransi, having lunched. — Sub — imus. Anxur was
built on a steep and high hill. — 29. Soliti. Maecenas and Cocceius
had already (A. U. C. 714) negotiated at Brundisium an alliance between
Octavianus and Antonius. — 30, 31. Ego illinere. Historical inf. —
82. Ad unguem factas, highly polished, finished, " a perfect gentle-
man." An expression derived from the habit of sculptors to test the
smoothness of their marbles, or the perfection of their joinings, by draw-
ing their nails over them. — 33. Non ut = nt non. 35. Fraemia — insig-
nia, specified in the next line. — The pompous praetor, whose vanity
was little short of insanity, had been a scribe. — 36. See Lex. praetexo, XL
B., and clavua, D. — VatiUum. An incense-pan, or censer, shaped some-
what like a shovel, borne before high magistrates in religious proces-
sions.— 37. Mam. nrbe, Formiae. — Manemus, i. e. pernoctamur. —
38. They sup at Capito's, and lodge at Murena's. — 44. SanuB, (as long
as I am) tn my right mind. — 45. The Campanian bridge was over the
Savo. — 47. Hinc, next after this place; on our next day's journey. —
Tempore, in good season, " betimes." — 49. Ludere pila. — 51 sqq. The
party were entertained, during the dinner, by a contest of scurrilous
•wit between two buffoons. — 54. Osci, nom. pi. — 65. Sarmentus had
been a slave; his old mistress was still living. — 56. Equi feri, a uni-
corn.— 58. Accipio, / acknowledge it. — 59. Inquit (Sarmentus). —
"The 'Campanian disease' consisted of great warts or excrescences
over the temples, like horns, which used to be cut out, and left a sear."
63. " To dance the part of the Cyclops-shepherd " Polyphemus, wooing
the nymph Galatea with uncouth gestures. — 64. Cothurnis. He was
tall enough already. — 69. Gracili, pusillo. Cicirrus pays back Mes-
sius his compliment on his personal appearance (64). — 71, 72. Hospes

SATIRES I. V. vi. 367

paene arsit = hospitis domus paene arsit. So proseimus ardet Ucnfe-
gon Verg., ultimua ardehit Juv. — The hyperbaton adds emphasis to ar-
sit, the principal verb. C. 304.— 77. Where was Horace born ?— 79.
Erepsemus = erepsissemus. — 82. Quattuor et viginti. — 83. We must
be content to be ignorant of the name of the town which did not admit
of being incorporated in an hexameter verse.— 84. Venit from veiteo.—-
85 "Ultra, on his way farther. — 87, (Panis est) lapidosus. The bread
of Canosa is still gritty, a fact accounted for by the softness of the mill-
stones. — Qui locus, aquae, etc., not richer in tenter hy a single pitcher,
etc. — 89. Hinc, i. e. a Canusio. — Flentibus amicis, abl. absolute. —
93. Lymphis, a Latin form for Nymphia ; (here Naiades, who protected
rivers and fountains.) The displeasure of the Nymphs is generally
explained as manifested in the badness of the water; Kr. thinks that
Horace means to call the inhabitants h/mphati, or madness-stricken, as
their superstition (95, 96) would prove them to be. — 96. The Romans
regarded the Jews as superstitious and credulous. — 97. Horace enun-
ciates an Epicurean doctrine, in nearly the words of Lucretius (V. 83,
VI. 57.) Secuma = sine cura. — 99. Tristes, solemnly; with anxious
solicitude in regard to human affairs. — 100. The rest of the journey
to Tarentum was probably made by sea.

Sat. VI. (717-721.)

. Nobility does not lie in birth, bnt in character. One should not strain to rise
beyoiiil his proper sphere. But no one can riuhtly attribute my being lionored
with thy frienilHhip, Maecenas, to any unworthy arts. Thou those me from rcgarii
for my character; thanks to my excellent father and the education ho pivi* mo.
I am happy in the independence of action which I owe to my humble birth and
the absence of ambition.

L The ancients believed that Etruria was colonized by Lydians from
Asia Minor» — Quicquid. Cf. Epod. 5, 1. — 2. Oenerosior, n/ noUcr
blood. — 6. Naso, etc., i. e. turn up thy nose at, dc»pi»e. — 8. Dam In-
genuus, provided he be free-born. — 9. Tulli, of (Servius) Tullius.—
10. Nullis maj. orti. Persons of obscure birth were also called •' terrn«
filii" and "ex »e nnti." — VI. Genu», the descendant. — Vnie '^ n f/uo
(i. e. Valerio) pulsus. — 13. Ffigit. Historical present. — 14. Liouilie,
was valued (lit. was put up for sale) pluris protio uniu» assi».— 16. Quo
nosti = quern nosti, " an attraction common in Greek, but rare and po-
etical in Latin," — 17. Tit., im., inscriptions and busts (of ancestors
who had held curule offices).— 19. Laev. to a Lnerinus, — 20. Deoio, to
a Decius. Novo, a new man, new, untried, plebeian. — CtlUOr Ap., «»
Appius as censor. Moveret, would remove me (from the senate.) —

368 NOTES.

22. Prop. — quies.i a proverbial expression for "being content with
one's lot." — 23. Constr. (as captives in a triumphal procession). — 24.
Quo tibi (profuit). — 25. Clavum, the laticlave of a senator. — Tribuno,
dat. by attraction to tibi. A legion in the Roman army consisted of
about 6,000 men ; each legion had six tribunes, who were their prin-
cipal officers. The military tribunes of the first four legions were
entitled to sit in the senate. — 27. The senators' shoe (calceua) was
fastened by four black thongs, two on each side, which went spirally
up to the calf of the leg (medium crun). Mc. — 38. Of a Si/ruo, etc.
Common names of slaves. — 39. E sazOi from the Tarpeian rock. —
Cadmus was an executioner, — 40. Collega (meus). — Gradu, etc. An
allusion to the seats in the theatre, where the knights sat in the four-
teen rows behind the senators. — 41. Hoc, /or this reason. — 43. Public
funerals at Rome were accompanied by musicians and women singing
dirges. — Magna, cognate ace. after sonabit. — 44. Quod = «t id. —
Notice the irregular position of que. — Tenet, pleases, captivates. —
47,48. Subj. in orat. obliqua. — 51. Prava — procul, aloof from evil
ambition. A description of Maecenas. Many apply it to the persons
he chooses as friends, and some to both him and them. — 63. Possim,
subj. of modest statement. — Sortitus (sim). — Notice the composition
of in-fans; (here used actively, infantem reddens.) — 69. What words
in French (and other Romance languages) and English are derived
from caballus ? 63. Turpi, honestum, neuter. 64. Puro qualifies both
vita and pectore. 70, C. 204, 2. 72. Fl. ludum, the school of Flavius at
Venusia. 74. Suspensi. Used as a Greek middle participle, governing
the ace. — 75. Oct. — aeris, bringing the master eight ases on the Ides of
each vionth. (So now D., Holder.) There were eight months during
which school was kept, there being a vacation from the ides of June to
the ides of Oct. {Mart. 10, 62, II). In schools of a higher grade the
tuition-fees were paid once a year, and probably in March. — 79. Ut, «a
{was fitting). — 81. Custos. Horace's father performed the duties usually
assigned to a servus paedagOgus. — 87. HoC major = tanto major. — 89.
Never, in my right mind, can I be ashamed of (or dissatisfied with) such a
father. C. 202. — On the meaning of paenitet see my note on Cic. Somn.
Si'ip. .3, — 93. Ratio, way of thinking.— 101. Salut. If Horace were of
higher birth, he would have to pay and receive more calls of civility in
the morning. 104. Curto, hob-tailed. — 107 sqq. Tillius's meanness or
miserliness was shown by his being accompanied by so few slaves (for a
man of his position), and by his taking such articles with him, even on
the short journey to Tibur, as to make it unnecessary for him to call at
an inn. — 110, 111. Hoc, in this matter, mil.— aliis, and in a thousand

SATIRES I. vi. vii. 869

other»,— 112. Quanti, the price of. (Lit. at what price.)— 113. The Cir-
cus Maximus was the haunt of jugglers, fortune-tellers, and impostors
of all kinds. — Vesp. An elegant use of the adj. as adverb. C. 113, 6.
In the evening the Forum was hllcd by groups of the lower classes of
the people, whose humors Horace liked to study, but in whose company

it was not consistent with the dignity of a patrician to be found.

115. Lag., pancakes. — 116. Pueris. R. rightly calls this a variety
of the instrumental ahl. rather than a dat. of the agent, which dat.
Horace uses only with passive participles. Cf. Carm. i. 1, 24 note. Three
table-servants was a very modest number in those days. — Lapis albas,
i e. a marble side-table or slab. — 117. Poc duo. Probably one for wine
and one for water. — Echinus. A vessel, named from its shape, gener-
ally supposed to be a bronze basin for rinsing cups, but otherwise defined
as a crater or "punch-bowl," a glass bottle, a leather bottle, a salt-
cellar, a wooden cup-holder, etc. — 118. Cum patera guttus, used in
libations. — Camp. sup. Not of gold and silver, as in rich men's houses,
but of the finest kind of clay. — 120. There was a statue of Mareyas in
the Forum, with uplifted hand. Horace, in jest, says that he is show-
ing his abhorrence of the usury of the younger of two brothers of the
name of Novius, who carried on his business as a banker near the
statue. — 122. Quartam, sc. horam ; (ten o'clock.) — Jaceo, (not asleep,
but reading and meditating.) — (Eo) lecto aut sc. quod. — 123. Ungor,
for some gymnastic game. — 124. N. anointed himself with the same
oil as he used for burning. — 126. We owe the true reading (which
Bentley was the first modern editor to restore) to codd. vet. Bland, et
Goth. ; the other MSS. have the V. R. — 128. Domesticus, i. c. at homt.

Sat. VII. (713-718.)

Horace describcH a (Hspiito between Rtipilius Hex, an ofBcer on the itaff of
Brutus, and a merchant named PerHiu», ariHin^ probably out of bouio mouejr
transactionH, and brought before M. Brutux in biit cuuip in Asia Miuur. The pu«t
was, it IB likely, an eye-witueiw of the scene.

1. Prose. Rupiliufl was proscribed by the triumvirs, and took refufe
in the army of Brutus. — 2. Hybrida. Persiua had a Greek father
and a Roman mother. — 3. The apothecaries' shops, whither the hUat'
eyed went to have their eyes salved, and the barbers* shops, were centres
of gossip. — 8. Sisennas and Barri, i. e. Buch men as SiscDO» and
Barrus, who were notorious for their vituperative language. — WkiU
homes were deemed the fleetest {Aen. xii. 84) ; they were also used with
triumi)hul cars. — 10, 11. Omnes etcnim, quibus b. a. accidit, iant hoo
jure molesti, quo fortes i^are by the tame right implacable a* tkcy art
Hor. 24

870 NOTES.

brave). HoC =eode7n. —IZ. Ult. mors, death (alone) at last. — 16, 17.
Iliad yi. 119 sqq. " Horace's interpretation of the episode is scarcely
fair to Glaucus, yet seemingly invited by the concluding lines (23t)-7).'*
Y. — 19. Asiam, the Roman province. — 20. Comp. sc. par. — 22. Ei-
detur seems to be used impersonally. — 23. Conv., the judicial assem-
bly ; cohortem, the stafif or retinue of Brutus. — 25. Canem. A pun on
the double sense of the word, a t/o5r(= scoundrel) and the dog-star. — ■
27. Fertur, etc., i. e. between precipitous and inaccessible banks. —
29. Ar^iVLStO here = vineyard. — Begerlt, hurls back. — 30. Vindemi-
ator (trisyllable, i and a coalescing), like a vine-pruner. — 31. He was
considered a tardy person who had not got his vines trimmed by the
arrival of the cuckoo. The passer-by tells the vine-dresser that the
cuckoo is coming, and will find his vines unpruned, which is as much
as to call him a lazy fellow. But he is himself fain to retreat before
the storm of foul language the vine-dresser returns him, still however
calling, as he retires, " Cuckoo, cuckoo!" Mc. — 32. "Pus, venenumy
val, acetum, are all words well chosen for describing the poisonous
character of those men's malice." — 34. The man plays upon the name
of Brutus, alluding to L. Junius Brutus, who helped to expel the last of
the kings. — Qui with the subj. of the reason, teeing that you.

Sat. VIII. (714-722.)

A speech attributed to Priapus, the scare-crow-deity of gardens, standing in
Maecenas's park in the Campus Esquilinus, vhich bad been previously a place
of sepulture for malefactors, slaves, and obscure poor people.

1. The uselessness of the wood of the fig-tree was proverbial. — 6.
Amndo, a bunch of reeds that nodded in the wind. — 8. Cq\\\&, from
their dens, (their squalid abodes.) — 12. Horace writes satirically, as if
there was a stone, as in private burial-grounds, with an inscription
giving the breadth on the road and the depth of the lot, and the letters
H. M. H. N. S., hoc monumentum heredes non sequitur. — 15. Ag. The
agger or wall of Servius Tullius, between the Esquiline and Colline gates.
A stone from this terrace was sent by the people of Rome to Wash-
ington in 1865, inscribed in honor of Abraham Lincoln on his second
election. — Quo — in quo; the prep., expressed before the noun, is not
repeated before the rel. pr. — 19. Quae, {the hags or witches) who. —
22. Legant. C. 211. — 23. The palla was the upper garment worn by
women out of doors, as the men wore the toga. 25. Majore (natu). 30.
The woollen image represents Canidia, the waxen the object of her love.
— 35. The Stygian hounds which accompanied Hecate and the Furies. —
45. Horace calls the two witches Furies. — 50. Viucula, love-knots.

SATIRES I. viii. ix. 371

Sat. IX. (718, 719.)

In ttiis amnsing satire, Horace represents himself as the Tictim of a bore, wh©
desires an introduction to Maecenas.

1. Sicut — m08, taken with meditana, and also with totu» in Hit». —
4, 5. " How are you, my dearest fellow f " " Pretty well, a$ times go,"
etc. — Cupio — vis, an ordinary civil expression, (like "and much
obliged to you/') rather implying that there is to be no further con-
versation.— 6. Nam quid vis, there ia nothing you want, is there f A
customary phrase on taking leave. — 7. Noris (noveris), sc. voln. Noi.
The bore pompously speaks of himself in the plural. — Fluris, gen. of
value. — 8. Hoc, abl. of cause. — 9. Ire and the two foil, inf., (sc. ego,)
"historical" inf. — 10. Puero, a slave (pedfsequus) attending hiui. —
11. Cerebri, in thy hot temper. — 15. Jamdadum, like i7 y a lonytetnps
que, is usually joined with a present tense. — 18. Caes. hortos, (on the
Janiculum, bequeathed by Julius Caesar to the Roman people.) — 21.
Gr. dor., too heavy /or his back. — Subiit. The last syl. is long in iit,
petiit and their compounds. Lachm. ad Lucret. 3, 1042. — 24. Mem.
mov., i. e. to dance. — 27. Quis, dat. — 30. Div. mota urna (all abl.),
shaking her divining-urn. The a in mota is elided, though long. — 32.
Tarda, which makes slow. Use the same metonymy in English, and
tr. simply slow. — 33. Quandocumque. — 35. Vestae, sc. acdem, near
the Forum. — 36. VadatO, to the plaintiff, who had required him to
give sureties. — 38. The e in me is not elided, but becomes short before
the following vowel. — Adesse is a technical word, 'to aocoinpany a
person to court, there to give him aid and advice.'— 39. Valeo start,
I am strong {or well) enough to stand (waiting boforo the pra<;tor). —
41. Te-ne . . . an. Conversational style, supplying in tliought from the
preceding: Dnhins sum, tene relinquam, etc. O. — Hexa, fhe rase, or
cause. — 43. Quomodo, sc agit, on what terns is. — 41. Paao. hom.,
he has few familiar friends, Vit. he belongs to few men. — 46. Ferre
secundas (partes), />^ay the second part (to thy firnt) ; a metaphor from
the stage, on which it was the duty of the denteragonist to play into the
hands of the protagonist, and conduce as much as posniblo to hif success.
47. Hnnc. hom. = »ie. — 48. 8ummo(vi)8seii. — 61. Quia hie est dii.
aut doc. Hyperbaton, emphasizing the two adjectives. — Unlcuiqaa.
53. Sic habet, o^rwi l\ti, such is the case. — 54. Vel. tant-, you hav9
only to wish i7. — Quae, such (is). — 59. Deducam, I will cwjorl him
(from his house to the Forum, 0.). " Great n:en, when they went out of-
doors, were usually accompanied by friendn, while numbem of parasitct
and expectants followed tbeir stepa." — 60. Dedit, gnumic pcrf. of a

S72 NOTES.

general truth. There is much humor in the bore's grave quotation of
this proverb. — 63. Vellere (togam ejus). — 64. Lent., most insennible ;
(Acr. yielding, pliant.) — 65. Male salsus, "the wicked wag." — 69.
Trie, sab., the thirtieth sabbath. Attempts have been made to identify
this with some festival of the Jews, but it is probably an expression
coined by Fuscus for the occasion. — Vin'=:ri«Me. — 70. Curtis = ctr-
cumcised. Cf. vi. 104. — 71. Rel., reliyious scruple. — At mi, but I
have. — 72, 73. Huncine (from hicce with the interrogative enclitic ne)
SOlem SUrrexe ( = surrexisse), that this day's sun should have risen so
black (i. e. unpropitious) for me ! or, " Can it be that this day's sun has
risen," etc. Ace. with the inf. in interrogative exclamation, to express
surprise and complaint. Cf. Verg. Aen. 1, 37; Cic. Ttisc. I. 41, 98. —
76. Licet antestari, may I call you to witness (that the defendant has
been duly summoned, and that force is necessary). — Vero, in good
earnest. — 77. If the person appealed to agreed to become witnesis, the
plaintiff touched his ear, (the supposed seat of memory,) in sign of
making him such. — 78. Apollo, as the god of poets.

Sat. X. (718-723.)

An elaborate defence of the judgment which Horace had pronounced on Lncl-
lius (Sat. I. iv.); with critical remarks on the principles of satirical composition.

Tlie eijrht verses prefixed are generally believed to have been added by some old
grammarian.

1. Nempe, I grant. — 4. Ch. eadem, i. e. in the fourth satire. — 6.
Mirer, I should (have to) admire. — 11. Modo, now. — Tristi, serious. —
12. Def. vicem, supporting the part. — Bhetoris, of an orator. — 13. TJr-
bani, the polished wit, the man of the world. — 14. Acri, than severity,
sharp invective. — 15. Pleramque, often. — Secat, decides. — 16. Viris,
dat. of the agent. — 17. Hoc Stabant, pleased by these means. Stare
was used of an actor who maintained his position on the stage till the
end of the play without being hissed or driven Qff, and then of a suc-
cessful play itself. — Hoc (sunt imit.), in this. — 18. M. Demetrius (infra
90) is here called simius on account of his puny form and ugliness. —
20. Verbis, dat. Miscuit = immiscuit. Misceo takes the dat. of the
principal thing or the larger quantity, to which something is added,
or the abl. of the smaller thing. — 21. Seri studiorum, late in your
studies, dij^tfjaSrls. Those who begin to learn late in life are in danger
of being superficial and conceited. As used here, the phrase = igno-
ramuses.— Quine putetis. A mixture of a relative sentence (giving a
reason for calling them ignoramuses) and an interrogative sentence:
because you think, — and can it be that you think ? — etc. Some take

SATIRES I. X. 378

qui as the interrog. adv. (bote) strengthened by ne. — 25. (Dost thou
mean) tchen thou makest verse», etc., or also ichen, — 27. LatinuSi the
father-in-law of Aeneas, is here alluded to as the father of the Latin
name. — 29. Fatriis (verbis), dat. — 34. "In silvam ligna" like car-
rying coals to Neiccastle, or the Greek proverbs, " an otcl to Athentt"
"Ji«h to the Hellespont." — 36. The bombastic bard o/ the Alps, (M.
Furius Bibaculus.) There is a double meaning in ttirgidus, both pom-
pous And /at. — Jug. M., murders Memnon, i. e. describes M.'s death in
his play; perhaps with a double meaning, viz. that he murders the
subject. — 37. Caput, of rivers, generally the source, sometimes the
mouth. Def., etc., "manufactures a muddy source of the Rhine." L.
38. lu aede, in the temple {of the Muses), where poets recited their
verses. — Spurius Maecius Tarpa {A. P. 387) was one of the board of
censors of poems intended for public recitation. — 41. Comis, acc.pl. —
43. P. ter perc, the iambic trimeter. — 44. Mol. a. f, tenderness and
elegance. Quintilian says that facetum in this passage implies grace
and a certain polished elegance; which are certainly characteristic of
Virgil. V. had at this time written only his Bucolics and Oeorgics. —
45. Annugrunt. — 46. Hoc, i. e. satire. — 48. Inv., i. e. Lucilius. —
63. Nil mutat, does (c. 'L.)J!nd nothing to alter in. — 54. Gtav. minorof,

as too trivial/or his dignity. 0., Kr. Others simply as \cauling in dig-
nity. 0. cites from Ennius : 0 Tite tute Tati tibi tauta tyranne tulinti
Damna, and telo Transjigit corpus, saxo cere comminuit brum. — 55.
Beprensis, those whom he censures. — 57. Berum natnra, the nature
of his subjects, or perhaps the nature of the case, the circumstances of
his age, etc. — 58. Factog, polished, finished. — 59. kc = quam. — 63.
C. wrote so much that his books and the cases holding them sufficed
for his funeral pile. — 64. Fu., concessive anh'y, grant that Lurilius teas.
66. Than (you might expect from) the author of a kin»l of poetry art-
less and untouched by the Greeks. So C. V. H., 0. Some refer auetor
to the writer of some old poem in the Saturnian measare; some to
Ennius. — 72. St. verta«, i. e. alter, correct See Lex. — 75. In the
scarcity of books, teachers used to dictate to their pupils the verses to
be studied. Cf.Epp. 1.20, 17. — 76. Eq., a ^niyA/, standing for the higher
classes of society; as used by Horace, the cultivated and learned.—
84. Amb. rel., i. e. without flattery. — 91. / bid you hotel among lA«
benches of your femcfle pupils. PI. alludes to their singing, and alio
with jubeo forms a kind of imprecation, elfni^ttp d/ilr Xtym, abitt in
malum rem. — 92. Puer, (to his amanuensis.)

874 NOTES.

LIBER II.

Sat. I. (724, 726.)

A defence of the practice of satiric composition, in the form of a consultation
with the old lawyer Trebatius Testa.
(Pope has imitated this satire, and the second and sixth.)

1, 2. "Ultra legem, beyond its law, its rule of composition. 7. The
indie, is lively and emphatic : cl (if) tout' tip' ^v Kpancrov. 8, 9. A sly allu-
sion to the old lawyer's fondness for swimming and good living. 14.
Marius, before a battle with the Cimhri (who are here meant by the Gal-
li), removed one of the two iron nails fastening the spear-heads to the
shafts of his soldiers' pila, substituting a wooden peg which would give
way when the spear struck a shield, where it would stick and drag
upon the ground. 16. Scribere, sc. eum, i. e. Octavianus Caesar, (not
called Augustus till B. C. 27.) Justum, (as) just. 22. Sat. I. 8, 11.
24. Icto (by wine). 26. See note Carm. I. 12, 26. 29. I. e. a greater
man than either of us. 30. Arcana, his secrets, i. e. his thoughts and
inventions, 31. Si m. cesserat, impersonal. 33. Vot. tabel. Sec note
on Carm. I. 6, 13 (p. 263). 37. Quo ne, that in no direction. Bomano =
Romanis. Or supply agro. 43. Ut (ws) with subj. in a wish. 45. Com-
moverit. 46. Even in prose in is omitted when tota is expressed. 60.
Ut quisque t. s. (eo) quo v. The full sense of ut is quomodo fiat ut.
53. Nep., the spendthrift. 64. Pia, (his) filial. Oh no ! he '11 do no open
violence. 60. The hyperbaton, and the position of scribam directly
after the principal caesura, makes the verb emphatic. — Puer. Horace
had called Treb. pater (12). 61. Maj. am., some friend of thine among
the great. 64. Per ora ced. (= incederet), walked proudly before the
eyes (of men). 65. Qui, etc. Scipio Africanus Minor. 67. Offensi
(sunt). With nouns connected by aut the predicate is sometimes in the
plural. 71. Removerant. 73. lUo, Lucilius. The comedian Terence
was also one of the intimates of Scipio and Laelius. Disc, "in un-
dress," without ceremony or reserve. 79. Nihil — possum, i. e. I can
detract nothing from these things, I can deny none of thy statement-^.
R. and Mc. tr. " I can make no decision from these premises." 82, 83.
In the law which Tr. quotes mala means slanderous ; Hor. in his an-
swer puns upon the word, using it to mean bad (verses), poor (poems)'.
86 Sol. — tab., the indictment will be quashed with a laugh. Risu,
modal abl., of an attendant circumstance ; as gemitu talia reddit, Verg.
Aen. 2, 323.

SATIRES II. i. ii. 375"

Sat. II. (717-727.)

This satire is aimed at the extravagance and excess of epicures, with a passing
sarcism (55-63) upon tiie opposite extreme. It ends with a dcticription of con-
tented simplicity in the person of Ofelliis, a neighbor and friend of tbe poet.

3. Abn., without rules, self-taught. Cras. Min., of homely mother-
wit, 4. Nit. belongs to both nouns. Gold and silver plate, and tables
of marble and costly woods, were much affected by the Romans. 10, 11.
Bom. milit., "the martial exercises of Rome," hunting and riding.
12. Studio, the interest (of the game). 15. Speme, acorn, (if you can.)
Mella, etc., i. e. mead. 15, 16. Ne bib. nisi, dn'nh nothing, i/ it be not,
etc. 17. Def., j^rotecting (from capture). 18. Whence or how dost thou
think (that this) has been gained, viz. contentment with simple food.
21. Ostrea, dissyllable. 22. Lagois, " white-game," Schneehuhn, or,
less probably, grouse. 23. Fosito, being placed before thee. Th»
peacock was first introduced to Roman dinner-tables by the orator
Hortensius. It was very costly. 25. V. rerum, b^< the vain ahutoa of
things. Vanis is neut. pi. of the adj. used as a subst. 28. There is
no ecthlipsis here in nain. 29. Of the quarter of a hundred interpre-
tations of this line which have been proposed, although others may be
more ingenious, the simplest is the following : atill {thou eateat) thia
Jleah (i. e. the peacock's) rather than that, although it iano better. (Dll-
tat seems to be used as 6ia(f>ipei.) Kr. tr. atit/, although that Jleah (so.
gallinae) no more differa from thia, it ia plain that thou art deceived by
the difference of their outward appearance : the clause cocto — idem
being logically equivalent (Kr. says) to a negative declaratory clause;
eocto non idem adeat honor, nil magis —jtiat aa little. Thi« interpreta-
tion requires a comma at the end of line 29, and no punctuation within
it. 31. Undo, etc. -^ «nrfe tibi datum eat, ut arntiaa. — {VliTUVn) hic I.
hiet (gnpca on the platter) Tib. an cap. alto. 32. Inter pontes (Subti-
cium et Aemilium). 33. The mullet rarely weighed more than two
pounds. 34. The lupus is the bass or sea-perch, 86, 37. Illii (lup««)»
his (muUis); hie referring to that which is neareat in idea though not
nearest in mere place in the sentence. 38. Join rate with jejanut, not
with temnit. 41. Praes., i. e. helpful. Quamquam, etc. Ofcllu» cor-
rects himself. There is no need to call upon the wind-gods to taint
their food. A2.'BiQ(if>n%, {although) freah. 45. Eegum =r rfrriVMw. 46.
Higris, (hence ripe.) 50. Auctor. Scmpronius Rufus, the first who
ate storks ; rejected by the people when suing for the prMtorship, henoe
called ironically by Horace praeforiM». 53. Ot jud. ^^ me Judice. 0. If
still speaking. 57. Est from edo. 58. Hut. " on the tttm." 59 C. 0. ©.

376 NOTES.

by attraction for oleum cujus odorem. Licebit, althongh (speaking of
something future). 61. Alb., i. e. with a toga newly cleaned. 65. Qua
= quat€nus. 66. Cult. gen. dependent on miser. Wretched %n hi»
tityfe of living in neither direction ; i. e. neither mean nor extravagant,
72. Jit -= quomodo. 76. Pituita, trisyllable. 77. Cena dubia, "ubi
tu dubites quid sumas potissimum." Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 28. — 79. Cic.
TWc. 5, 13 : humanua animus, decerptus ex mente divina. 80. D. C. C.
soon-fed, " refreshed more quickly than one can say the word." Z.
82. Melius, better /are. 89. Rauc, tainted, /ai«aMrf<?, " high." 91, 92.
Com. cons., would eat it more fitly, (with more propriety.) 94. Das —
famae, i. e. hast thou any regard for reputation? 99. Inquit (lusu-
riosus). 103-105. A noble suggestion of the duty of devoting wealth
to purposes of charity, patriotism, and religion. 103. Indignus
(egestate), " without deserving it," innocent. 106. Recte erunt. An
adv. sometimes forms a predicate with ease. M. 209, b. obs. 2 ; Z. 365.
114. Accisis (by the proscriptions of the triumvirs). Met., measured
(and allotted to a veteran, Umbrenus). 115. Merc, col., a tenant paying
(lit. by means of) rent. 116. Temere, readily, freely. 120. Bene erat,
we fared icell, we made ourselves happy. 122. Duplice, split (and so
dried). 123. Our sport was drinking, with a forfeit (lit. /t«<^<, involv-
ing the penalty of a forfeit) as the master (of the feast). We chose no
symposiarch, but had our little rules, the violation of which was pun-
ished with some forfeit. 124. And Ceres, invoked-with-prayers, that thus
ahe (i. e. the wheat) would rise on a lofty stem. Ita introduces the wish.
So sic, Carm. I. 3, 1. The prayer is accompanied with a libation, after
which wine is drunk, hence vino (125). 126. Let Fortune rage, etc.
127. Hinc, from my present state and mode of life. 128. Ut, since.
Nov. inc., Umbrenus. 129. Propriae, permanently his own; so (134)
proprius, « permanent possession. Cf. Sat. II. 6, 5 ; Verg. Aen. 6, 871 ;
Terent. And. V. 5, 3. 129 sqq. Cf. the epigram of Lucian :

'Ay//is ' A-)(^aiiitvi6ov ytvofiijv nori, vvv 6f Mti/hnov,
Kal ndXtv i^ iripov fi^ffo/jiai tU ertpov.

Kai yap kuvo^ e\€iv fte -nor ^eto Knl iniXiv oCroj
Ourar tifjil S' 3Xtt»j ohdtvds, hXXd Tv^rji.

Sat. III. (721-725.)

Damasippus, a connoisseur of expensive tastes turned philosopher, invades
Ilorace in the retirement of his villa, and upbraids him with want of inrtustrj'
and perseverance. He then, after touching on hu own history and his adoption
of tlie tenets and habits of the Stoic sect, teacher that everybody is insane, and
ends with a satiric description of the foibles of Clio poot himself. The objects of
his general satire are specified in vv. 78, 79. Avarice U taken first (82-160); then
Ambition (165 sqq.); then Luxury (224 sqq.); then Superstition (281-296).

SATIRES II. iii. 877

5. The Saturnalia was an ancient Italian festival, to celebrate the
liberty and equality enjoyed in the reign of Saturn. 7, 8. The poet
gets in a passion with his pen, and beats the wall near his couch, because
his ideas will not flow fast enough. 10. Horace is glad to retreat, in
December, to his country-house in the sheltered valley of the Licenta,
where he could get plenty of wood and a good fire. 11, 12. The au-
thors are named whose works H. takes with him into the country.
Men. is abl.; M.'s comedies are packed on top of Plato's dialogues.

13. Virtus implies " perseverance, moral courage, and a strong will."

14. Imp., insolent, shameless. 16. Quicquid. (Applause, approbation.)
16. Pon. = deponendnm. 17. H. wishes D. what he seems to need most.
18. There were three passage-ways in the Roman forum called Jani.
Around or near the middle one were the tabernae of the bankers and
money-lenders. 20. Olim nam. This position of nam is found only in
the poets. 21. A hit at the fondness of virtuosos for antiques ; Sisy-
phus belonging to the mythical ages. 22. F. durius, cast too rudely,
stiffly, and without the ease of nature. 23. Gal., as a connoisseur. 27.
Morbi il., o/ this mania. 30. Ut cum, a« when. 31. Ne qnid, etc.,
ic. facias or tn me fiat. EstO, 3d person. 32. Et, too. 35. Cf, Sat. I. 3,
133. 36. The Fabrician bridge, leading from the Campus Martius to
the island in the Tiber, is still standing. 37. Men covered their heads
before dying. 44. Fort., the aroa Kotxi^rj. 46. Tenet, embraces. 63.
Cand. tr., i. e. is an object of ridicule. Mischievous boys tie something
behind half-witted people in the street. The rope-dancers and buffoons
wore tails. 54. 1\m.. = ejns qui timet. 61 Ed., historic pres. 65. EttO,
grant it (for the while). 66. Reddas, etc., thou need never return. 69 »q.
Scribe, etc. Write a draft for ten thousand sesterces on Neriu* ; (the
security) is not sufficient ; add a hundred notes of the knotty (i. c. skilled
in all the quirks of the law) Cicuta; add a thousand chains (« bonds).
So Kr. The entry on the banker Nerius's books would bo security for
the lender who had caused the money to be paid through him. Cicut*
is another banker and usurer. 71, " The rascally debtor is compared
to Frotens, who could turn himself into any shape unless irmly
bound." 72. Malis rid. al., 'laughing with another's cheeks/ I. •.
laughing immoderately (in his confidence of escape), withoat fe«r of
dislocating his jaws. So 0. There are various other explanations. Ct
Horn. Odt/t. 20, 347. 73. The scholiast gives an allogorical Interpre-
tation : " aper, /erox / &y\s, /ur/ax ; saxum et arbor, muluit." 76. Dio*
tantis, lendinf) ; (lit. dirtating to the debtor the form of obligation of
repayment). — Rescribere, i. e, reddere, solver*.

Tt. Gathering the toga together in becoming sb»pe, WM preparatory

378 NOTES.

to sitting attentive. 82. Hellebore {helleborus niger) was regarded as
a specific for insanity. Pars, dose. 84. Summam, sc. patrimonii.
86. Bamnati, bound under a penalty. 91. Quoad. One syl. 98. Hoc,
t. e. his having acquired so much wealth. 99. Fore, sc. sibi. 107. Mer-
cat. Dat. 108. Qui, how. 114. Foliis, e. g. chickory, endives. 117,
Age, (come now.) We should say, again. 128. Tu-ne sanus es? 132^
Quid enim 1 Well, why nut f The Stoic ironically justifies the sup-
posed crimes of the avaricious man. 137. Ex quo tempore. Male
tutae =Vn«anae. 141. Bright bile, i. e. rage. Spl. appears to be a
medical term, denoting the bright color of the bile when disordered.
143. Veient., a red and coarse wine, the drink of common sailors. 162.
Meu* = me-ne. Hoc ago, make this thy care. 183. Tempt. Subj., as
reason alleged by the physician Craterus : orat. obliqua. 164. Immo-
let — Lar., i. e., for that let him be thankful. Aequis, kind, propitious.
166. Nav. Ant. (to get hellebore to cure his madness.) Barathro, dat.,
*'ihe gulf (of the populace)." 172. Ludere, to gamble away. 173;
Cavis (locis), in holes. 178. Coercet, defines, "assigns as a limit."
182. Tu perdas, question of appeal. Cic, fab., lup. A sportive allu-
sion to the largesses of cheap food given by the aediles to the populace,
instead of alluding to the more costly gifts of games, shows, etc. 183.
Latus as in Epod, iv. 7, 8; or, generally, of boastfully "spreading
himself." Aen. stes, i. e. have a bronze statue voted thee. 186. ( Veluti)
astuta volpes, etc.

187-207. The Stoic boldly begins a dialogue with Agamemnon as
if with one present. Humasse. In old legal phrase, prohibitions with
velle took the perf. inf. C. 246, 1, b; M. 407, 2. Velit. The long I
restored in arsis and by caesura. 192. Cons., to ask questions, (as of
a lawyer.) 199. Natam, Iphigenla. — 201. Quorsum, «c. haec spec-
tant? 208. Sp. alias v., ideas different from true {ones). C. 174, .3;
Z. 470. — Sc. perm., and confused hy the agitation of guilt (or, of a
guilty mind). 211. Besipit, is mad, (you will say.) 217. The praetor
had power to appoint, hy a decree (interdicto), a guardian over out-
rageous madmen (furiosi) and spendthrifts (prodigi). Om. jus, every
legal right. 223. Cruentis, in deeds of blood. Neut. of adj. used sub-
stantively. 228. The Vicus Tuscus was a street south of the Forum,
■where pimps lived. 229. Fartor, a fattener of fowls. The Velabrum
was a vicus leading from the Forum to the Circus Maximus, where all
sorts of delicacies were sold. The Macellum, a large market-house.
237. Becies, sc. centena milia sestertium, ten hundred thousand ses-
tertii (about $41,000). 238. Undo = a quo. 240. Sol. (lit. whole, i. e.)
at once. 241. Ac si == quam si. 244. Pravorum limits amore. 246.

SATIRES II. iii. iv. 379'

Should they be marked with chalk as sane, or with charcoal (as mad-
men)? 247. Casas, "baby-houses." 248. Odd and even, a, game of
children, in which they guess whether the number of objects one holds
concealed in his hand is odd or even. 262. Lttd. op., thou playest at
work. 253. Faciasne, wilt thou not do f nonne facere debeas 1 256.
Garlands were sometimes worn around the neck, as well as on the head.
260 sqq. Cf. Terent. Eunuch. I. i. 262. Nec, not even. 270. N. p. e.,
he tc ill make no more way. 272. The apples of Picenum were excel
lent. 273. A mode of drawing auguries of one's success in love was
by snapping apple-seeds at the ceiling; if they hit it, it was a good
omen. 276. Stir the fire with a sword ; an expression of Pythagoras,
here meaning, Go on from lust to deeds of blood. Modo, of late. 277.
H. and M., unknown personages. Marius killed Hellas, and then himself.
Praec, historic present. 278. Cerritus, moou-atruck, crazed ; variously
derived from Ceres, Cerus (as in Cerus Manus, from Sansc. root kri),
Kdpan, etc. 281. Circ. comp. He ran about on the cross-streets, pray--
ing to the Laren compitales. 282. Prayers had to be offered with clean
hands. 283. What so great a boon is this to pray for? (for it is easy
for the gods to grant it.) Surpite = «urripite. 291. " Jovit diet
(Thursday) was a weekly fast-day of the Jews; (as was Monday also
among the Pharisees.) The superstitious Romans adopted Jewish
observances." 296. There were seven great philosophers famed as
as the Seven Wise Men of Greece. 299. In Phaedrus's fable, every one
is said to have a wallet at his back filled with his own faults, and one
in front filled with the faults of others. 300. So mai/est thou tell, etc.
A conciliatory wish, to gain an answer to the following question. 306.
Lie. — Ver., let it be allowed me to yield (i. e. assent) to the truth. 309.
Idem used adversatively, yet. C. 116,7; Z. 697. 310. Corp. maj.,
a» too great for hia body. 312. ^61X11X1:= rectum, juatum. 313. Tantam
(adverbial ace.) =tam. TantO, abl. of degree of difference. 826. Ho-
race at first appears to be admitting Damasippus's superiority; but
the compliment is soon reversed by the addition of insane.

Sat. IV. (722-727.)

A «trinjr of precoptn npon conkory, fh-liTprofl by wim»» 8ny«»r or Prof. Blot of hl«
tlm«, in formal. pJiiloHophir Myle, hw^inninj^ ah wro (I'J). «n«l iiinnInK ihruiiBh
cahhngofl arifl toUKh hen», muHhroom» and ninn»<Tri»fi. nhf]\-1\nh,n»>Ui\n. wUit-, nihI
Baiir»-H. whatever provoken appi'tlte or promote'*! rliuwition. Tli«y «.nrliido (7tt-H7)
witli rpflectif)nH n|)on miBplac«d pamlmony an«l the neglect of UdJnewi «ad «op*
po«ed minor points.

2. Pon. tigna, 5. c. to write down. In strictness, probably a t^rm
of mnemonics. 9. Tentief, ntc«, delicate. J8. 8ucl, i. e./aror. Alba

380 NOTES.

referss either to the color of the shell, or the light-yellow of the yolk.
14. Fonere, to serve, to place on the table. 16. Nothing is more insipid
than (the produce of) a much-watered garden. 19. MixtO (with water).
26. Mulso, honey-wine; (wine and honey.) 36. Without having first
investigated the subtle science of flavors. 37. Mensa (of the fish-
mongers). 38 sq. It is of no use for a man to buy nice fish, if he does
not know which should be served up with rich sauce, and which should
be broiled, to tempt the guest, after he has laid himself down tired of
eating, to raise himself on his elbow and begin eating again. Mc. Qui-
bU8 assis, dative. 44. Fee. (not pregnant, but simply) /n(?V/M^. 63.
Odor, the bouquet. 54. Straining wine through linen was apt to hurt
the flavor. 57. Aliena, the foreign matter, the impurities in the mix-
ture. 63. Dup. juris, the two kinds of sauce, simplex and compositum
(B., 0., Mc, Y.), or the double-sauce (made of the simple, with the ad-
ditions named in lines 67-69), H., Kr. 66. B. O., a jar which has held
pickled tunnies from Byzantium. Put., has become tainted. 71. Con.
oUis, is suited /or jars, i. e. for preserving in jars. 73. Hanc, sc. Al-
banam uvam. 75. Incretum (from incemo), si/ted in, sprinkled over
the salt. 76. Milia terna (sestertiflm). — 78. Movet, (it) excites; the
subject of the verb is the following clauses, seu — adhaesit. 81. Quan-
tUS = quantulus. 83. Tene = tene decet ? or nonne indignum est te ?
etc. C. 240 ; M. 399. Lap. Var., various-colored marbles, a tesselated
floor. Falma, a broom made of palm twigs. 84. And to hang soiled
drapery around Tyrian (i. e. purple) couch-spreads. Toralia = the
valance ; T. vestes were the rich purple cloths placed over the couches.
86. Haec habeant, these (i. e. brooms, dusters, and saw-dust) require.
Tanto — mensis, i. e. their absence (haec neglecta) is by so much the
more justly reprehensible than that of those things (e. g. costly fish and
the best wines) which cannot be met with except at the tables of the rich,
89.. Aud., former supine. 91. Tant., sc. quantum juveris si addideris
voltum, etc. 94. Fontes, etc. Parody of Lucret. I. 927 : iuvat integros
accedere /otitis Atque haurire.

Sat. V. (722-727.)

A satire on will-hnnting, a vice very prevalent at Rome. Horace, htimoronsly
continuing the dialogue in the Odyssey (xi. 90 sqq.), makes Ulysses ask Tiresiiis
how he is to repair his fortunes when he gets home; the soothsayer describes the
arts of Ugacy-hunters, and advises him to practise them.

1. Narrata (mihi a te). 3. Dol., sc. tibi. 6. Te vate, according to
thy prediction (Odyss. XT. U3). 7. A-potheCA, my wine-closet. 11. Pli-
VUm, i. e. eximium, a delicacy. 16. Fug., a runaway slave (formerly).

SATIRES II. V. vi. 381

17. Com. ext., i. e. in the least honorable place, between the patroa
and the road. 18. TJtne tegam = hortaritne me ut tegam f Cf. M. 353,
Obs.; Z. 609. 32. Puta (lit. suppose) =/or example. The final a is
short in puta when used adverbially. Pr. Only the free citizens had
praenomina. The use of them, generally confined to relatives and in-
timate friends, implied familiarity and kindness. 39-41. Seu — Alpei,
whether it be hot or cold. A bj'-the-way hit at the bombastic style of
Furius (Sat. i. x. 36), who is here parodied. Finddt. We must think
of MJoorfen statues. Infantes = speechless. Consp. Furius had called
snow spumam Jovia. 42. Cub. — tang., "jogging a bystander with his
elbow." 44. Rich old men are compared to tunnies. 45. Val. male,
invalid. 47. Gael., objective gen. 53. Limis, sc. ovulia. So Plant.
M. G. 4, 6, 2 ; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53. 53-4. Quid — versu, i. e. what tho
first word in the second line says. The names of the heirs were writ-
ten in the second line. Solas, sc. »i« vol scriptua sin. 55. Rec. — quin.,
a clerk recast from a commissioner. Corv. An allusion to iEsop's fable
of the fox and the raven. 62. Juv. Octavianus. 63. Demissnm = rfe-
tcendena. Cf. Verg. Aen. I. 288. 65. Soldum [solidum), the entire debt
(principal and interest) of the capital lent by Coranus. 73. Bed, etc.,
hut it i» far more efficacious (cf. viko.. Soph. 0. C. \22b) first to sti>rm the
capital itself (i. e. the old mam). 75. Cavg. 77. TrXigi, discreet. 81.
Quae si, but if she. It is noticeable that later writers lowered the
characters of the heroes and heroines who appear only a.s noble in
Homer. 84. Impr., sit/. 87. Si posset, {to see) if she could. 90. Ul-
tra— sileas, farther than this (i. c. than not to offend by loquacity)
also thou shouldst not be silent. 91. ComiCQS, in the plat/. 101. ErgO,
really. 102. Tam fortem, etc., sc. parabo. 103. Est, it is best or it is
possible. 109. Nnmmo (= sestertio), i. e. at a nominal price. Te td.|
that thou (wilt) make it over.

Sat. VI. (723-725.)

Thfl InconvenJpncp» of a town lifo an<l tlio (]«-IiKhtii of tlm roitntrr : »li«' fnrmw
«H connected with tlie lm[Kjrtiinity of people iiftkirif; for llorMi-e'n infltivnr» witb
MrierenaB. or for iiiforniation ii|)on piihlic afTiiirH of wlilrh he kiioM* iiothtiitf,
altlioii^rh they will not believe it. Ttie moral in Hupplivd by tho opiloKU* of lh«
town and country mouHc.

1. Votis, sc. tneis. Ita, so {very). 2. Jngif, perennial, «>v«r*(lowlnf.
Genitive. 3. Super, besides. 5. Propria, prrmanent. 8. Yen., /^'■"jr
for. 10,11. IWiqvii mer. = illimerccnnario qui. Altrnotion. 13. Qnod
adest, i. e. what I have. Oratum (num.), accepted trilh ffralitude.
16. Arcem, i. e. his house on the Sabine hills. 18. Th€ UtuUm «MtlA.

382 NOTES.

The south-wind is so called as depressing the energies and spirits.
20. Audis, i. e. art called. So Milton, P. L., 3, 7: " Or heareat thou
rather Tpure ethereal stream?" 21. Unde = a quo {iiivocato), with in-
voking whom. 23, 24. Eia sqq. The poet represents Janus as thu«
urging him on. Urge, 7nake haste. 29. Urget, sc. aliqu is. 30. Prec,
curses. Palses. Subj. in an indignant question. 31. Mem., mind-
ful only of him (Maecenas). 32. Atras, gloomy. Sat. i. 8, 8-11. 34.
Sec. sc. horam ; before 7 o'clock in the morning. 36. Com., of common
interest (to all the scribes). H. had been a scribe, but probably was
not one now. 37. Quinte. The use of the praenomen is familiar and
confidential. 41. Suorum (amicorum). 44. Hoc g., an adverbial ace.
for the gen. C. 128, 3 ; M. 238. Threx. One of a kind of gladiators armed
like the Thracians, with a short sword and a round shield. 48. Ho-
race sportively calls himself noster, our friend. 49. Omnes sc.
clamabant. 60. Frigidus, chiUimj ; bad news, making men shudder,
(Shakespeare, ** colder news.") The rostra was the elevated stage in
the Forum from which the orators addressed the people. 62. Deos,
the gods (of the earth), the first men of the state. 66. Triq. (tellure).
69. Misero {miki). 62. Ducere, to quaff. 63. Pythagoras forbade his
followers to eat flesh or beans. From his doctrine of transmigration
of souls, some supposed that he made this prohibition in the belief that
the souls of the dead (perhaps of one's own relatives) sometimes passed
into this vegetable. 67. Libat., tasted beforehand by Horace and his
friends. 69. Leg. ins., such as prescribed in city banquets by the
symposiarch. 75. Usus rectumne, expediency or right (i. e. that which
is good in itself). 78. Ex re, suggested by the subject (of conversation).
79. Ign., not knowing (that A.'s wealth causes him anxiety). 82. At.
quaes., devoted to his possessions, i. q. frugal. TJt tamen = i<a tamen
ut. 83. Hospitiis, dat. 84. Invidere with the gen. by a Greek idiom,
in the sense of parcere. 87. Male, scarcely, with tang. 89. Esset =
ederet. 91. Nem., here a woody height. Patientem, enduring hard-
ships. 92. Vis tu (without -ne) is used in exhortation. 93. Comes,
{as my) companion. Terr., etc. The city mouse speaks as an Epicurean.
Order: quando ter. viv. sort. mort. an. 95. Quo — circa. Tmesis. 97.
Aev. brevis. Noun and adj. in the gen., denoting, I should say, an in-
herent quality of the genus, not an accidental quality of the individual.
100. Jamque — spatium. Parody of the epic style. 103. Cand.,
glowed, shone brilliantly. 105. Which, belonging to yesterday's ban-
quet, were in heaped-up baskets hard by. Procul not necessarily of a
long distance. 108. Cont. dapes, i. e. ofi'ers one dish after another.
111. Agit — COnv., acts the merry guest (and without feigning). 112.

SATIRES II. vi. vii. 883

The noise is caused by the servants opening the house, beginning to
clean the rooms, and rousing the watch-dogs. 113, 114. Currere, tre-
pidare. Historical inf. Simul «=«jnju/ utque, the moment that, as soon
as. 116. The position of hac is emphatic. Et, and {therefore).

Sat. VII. (724-728.)

ITorace's slave, Davus, retorts upon his master his own doctrines. He arguM
that tlie fickle and inconstant are as worthless as the unscrupulous (6-20); lec-
tures Horace for praising the " good old times " yet loving the degeiieratu luxury
of the modern ("iS-iT); preferring the country when in town, hatiuK parties when
not invited out, yet, if invited, off at a moment's notice (28-36); au«l coni|mrefl
him with his own dependents and parasites (36-42). Nay more, says Davus, thou,
in thy t)ondage to vice and evil passions, art still more a slave than I (42-74).
" Who then is free? " The question is finely answered (75-80); after which Davus
continues to taunt Horace on his foolishness as a lover (81-86), a connoisseur
of art (87-93), a gourmand (94-103), and a victim of restlessness and ennui (10.V
107). Here the lecture (as if it touched on a sore point) is abruptly closed by the
wrath of the listener.

3. Frngi, honest. 4. Ut v. pntoS, that you need not think htm too
good to live. Cf. Ov. Am. II. 6, 39; Mart. VI. 29, 7; Wordsworth:
"The good die first." Lib. Dec. On the Saturnalia (17-19 Dec.) great
license was allowed to the slaves. 9. Rings were generally worn on
the left hand, upon which a golden ring was worn by knights and sen-
ators. 10. Priscus, as a senator, was entitled to go abroad with the
latus elavus, but sometimes would appear only as a knight with the
anffU9tu9 claviis. 11. (In domum) undc. 13. Doctus, a student. Athens
was a university-town for the Romans. 14. Horace speaks as if there
was a different god for every kind of change. 19. Lev. m., lent wretched,
(or with less sense of being so.) Y. 33. Sub. 1. pr., immediately after
the lighting of the lamps. 34. Oleum, for his lumps. Others : to anoint
himself with. 35. Fttgis, you hurry off. 36. Parasites had come to dino
with Horace, but must now return to their homes. 37. Diz. ille, A«
(Mulvius) perhaps will say, <),uiti av. 38. Na«. n. •., " I snuff up my OOM
at the smell of a good dinner." Nasnm, ace. of specification. 40. Ttti
i. e. Horace. 45. Davus has picked up some scrapMuf philoiiophy from
the porter of the Stoic Crispinus. 52-3. The contract is referred to by
which freemen, on taking service as gladiators, bound tbcmsi^lvcs " uri,
vinciri, verherari, ferroque necari." 54. ConioiAi fo. aneiUn. 68.
Vind., the rod of the praetor, which he laid on the iiUvc'a bead in tb«
ceremony of manumission. 70. Super = insuper, an Ep. If. 2, .13 ; V'crg.
Aen. II. 71. Dictis, than the things which have been already said. 74.
Lig., a puppet. 78. Ter. a. rotund., smooth (or regatar;, and round:
perfect as a sphere. 79. So that nothing foreign (none of the flilb of
the world) can adhere to his polished (perfection). 81. Propriam, thff
^wn, describing thy character. — Five talents, about $^000. 88. OelidA»

384

NOTES.

sc. aqua. 84. Qtlis, second person of queo. 89. Join cont. pop. with
miror. 90. Rude pictures were set up as advertisements of the games.
93. Audis, art called. 102. F. 8., a stolen atrigil, which the boy ex-
changes for a bunch of grapes. The strigil was a scraper of horn, brass,
silver, or gold, of a curved form and a sharp edge, with which (instead
of a flesh-brush) the skin was scraped after bathing or exercise in the
gymnasium. 107. Comes atra, i. e. Cara. Carm. iii. i. 40. 108. Lap.,
sc. sumam xel petam. 110. I'll send thee away to work with my eight
field-hands on my farm. To be sent to work in the country was a com-
mon punishment; much dreaded by city slaves.

Medius lectus.

Sat. VIII. (727, 728.)

An account of a supper g:iven by the vain, vulgar parvenu and gourmand,
Nasidienus Rufus. The story is told by the comic poet Fundanius, one of the
guests.

1. Juyit = delectavit. Be&ti =diviti8. 2. DictUS, sc. e«. 3. The
usual hour of the cena was three ; to begin earlier was a mark of lux-
ury and excess. 13. At. virgo. This refers to the stately, solemn pace
of the virgin basket^bearers in the sacred processions in Athens. 14.
Hydaspes, a slave from India, was of a tawny color (fascas). 15. Mario
ezpers, unterapered with sea-water, (an ingredient used in flavoring
wines.) Y. takes maris as gen. of mas, and tr. " wanting in body" or
etrength. 17. Ap., sc. vinis. 20. Summns, i. e. first on the highest
couch. The guests reclined (each on his
left arm) in the following places, as indi-
cated in the diagram : 1 ) Fundanius ; 2)
Viscus; 3)Varius; 4) Servilius ; 5) Vi-
3 S bidius ; 6) Maecenas, (in the place of ho-
nor, called the locus consularis ;) 7) No-
mentanus, (in the place which should be
occupied by the host; the reason is given
in lines 25, 26 ;) 8) Nasidienus himself;
9) Porcius. 22. Umbrae is the appro-
priate name of the uninvited followers that great men bring with them
to feasts, to laugh at their jokes and confirm their boasts. 24. Rid.
abs. An inf. added to an adj., by a Greek usage, for specification and
nearer definition- 25. Ad hoc, /or this purpose (cf. vi. 42). Qui = M«
is. Nomentanus's business, as nomenclator, was to direct the attenlioa
of the guests to any dainties they might have overlooked, and to ex-
plain to them the mysterious composition of each dish. 26. The thumb
was called ^oZ/ex / the forefinger index, the middle mediua or /amosut

SATIRES II. viii. 3S5

(as the finger of scorn), the ring-finger anularit or medieu* (from its sup-
posed connection with the heart), and the little finger minintuit. 29.
The passer was a flounder or plaice. 30. Ing., such as I had never
tasted before. 34. Damnose, to his loss. Mor. in., spoken " with comic
pathos." Cf. Aen. II. 070; IV. 659. As Horace could not have token
this from Virgil, R. thinks they may both have drawn from some older
author, perhaps Ennius. 36. Par., of our purveyor, (the host.) 37-8.
Other reasons than the parsimony of the host are ironically given.
39. Inv. Al. (poculis) vin. (vasa) tOta, empty whole wine-jart into
Allifanian cups (which were of a larger size than usual, and named
from Allifae in Samnium), 40, 41. The host's parasites, sitting by
his side, did not dare to drink largely. Some, however, understand the
reasons in verses 37, 38 as honestly given, and as preventing the epi-
cures from excessive drinking. 44. Came, abl. of specification. 45.
His, of these ingredients. 48-9. Ut non ullum aliud (vinum) magis
(conveniat) hoc (vino). 60. Which by its sharpness has soured the
Methymnaan grape (i. e. the Lesbian wine, of which this vinegar is
made). Some take vitio as dat. =1» vitium. 62. Incoq., to dress in
(or with) this sauce. 63. As {the taste) which the sea shell Jiih (natu-
rally) give^ out is better than (prepared) pickle. Bern., subj., because
the whole is stated as the opinion of Curtillus. 64. Aulaea, the cur-
tains, i. e. the tent-like canopy over the table. 68. Bufus, the cog-
nomen of Nasidienus. 69, 61. Esset, tolleret, impcrf. instead of plu-
perf., both in the protasis and in the apodosis, for rhetorical liveliness.
63. Mappa, with n napkin. 64. Susp. om. n., 1. «. making sport of
everything. 67. Te-ne torqnerier, {to think) that thou shouldst be tor'
tured! C. 240; H. 5.39, III.; A. 274; G. 534; A. A S. 270, 2, (a);
M. 399; Z. 609. 72. Ag. Nasid., for want of slaves, bad to make bis
groom wait at table, and he had broken a plate. 77. " While rcclininf
at the triclinium, the slippers were put off; to call for them, thrrcfore,
was preparatory to rising and leaving the table." Quoqne from quit-
que. 81. Quoque, also ; as well as everything else, by the fall of the
canopy. 83. Sec, seconding him ; keeping up the joke. Y. 86. MaSO-
nomo, a large dish, from which properly (/irf^i yfftrat) bread or cake
yra.s handed round. Y. 90. Edit = «rfa^ Subjunctive, as part of the
remarks of the loquacious host : who had taken pains to tell tbcm the
sex both of the crane and the goose, and the color of the lotlcr and the
mode in which it was fattened. 91. The rumps were connidercd M (be
most delicious parts of pigeons. Cf. Oell. 15, 8. 92. CaQfU, the r«a-
«OM« of their being cooked as they were, or of the host's offering tbea
to his guests. 96. African serpents were partioularlj Yeoomooa.
Hor. 25

386 NOTES.

EPISTYLARYM

LIBER I.

Horace's Epistles are the work of his mature years, when all his powers ware
developed, liia knowledge of the world complete, and hi» taste ripe and mellow.
Hence they are, by universal confession, his most perfect Cdmpositions. Critic?
unite in eulogizing their " exquisite urhanity," their " calm nd commanding good
sense," their ''extraordinary and undefinable charms." They have all the grace
of the most animated and refined conversation. " They are the Sjtectator of the
Roman supper-tables. Shrewd sense is relieved by seasonable anecdote ; a general
rule of life by its p Ttinent application; the wisdom of age and the sallies of youth
are reconciled; and the individual interest is extended and elevated by its connec-
tion with the manners of tbe time and with the universal instincts of polite society in
all ages. As miniature-piiinters of the humours and foibles of mankind, Addison,
Fontaine, and Charles Lamb alone approach the curious felicity of Horace."

The poet himself styled his Epistles as well as his Satires ikrmones, in allusion
to the unpretending conversational tone in which he wrote. The greater perfec-
tion of their metre, and their finished style, however, remove them farther than
the Satires from the domain of the Musa pedestris. Their personal and subjective
character gives a pectiliar charm to these "ripest fruits" of a genius ''alike in-
structed by Life and Art."

Epist. I. — Ad Maecenatem. (734.)

Some time after Horace had published his three books of Odes, and had, as it
appears, laid aside that sort of writing, it seems that Maecenas, and probably his
other friends, begged him to return to it. That is the obvious meaning of the
remonstrance with which the Epistle opens. Horace expresses an earnest wish
to retire into privacy, to abandon poetry, and to devote himself to the study of
philosophy and virtue, which he recommends as the only true wisdom.

1. Summa = ultima. 2. The metaphors are derived from the arena.
Spect., approved. Tickets with the letters SP upon them were given
to gladiators who had distinguished themselves. — When gladiators
received their discharge, they were presented with a rudis, a wooden
rapier or foil. 3. Ludo, the (gladiatorial) school. 6. The discharged
gladiator hangs up his weapons appropriately in the temple of Her-
cules. 6. Ext. ar., /ram the end of the arena. The arena was sepa-
rated from the seats, which went round the circus, by a wall called the
podium, near which a gladiator would stand to appeal to the people
for their intercession to obtain his discharge. 7. H. alludes to an in-
ward voice. Purg., i.e. attentive; lit. purged (from all that could ob-
struct the entrance of the truth). 9. II d., (lit. contract his flanks,)
become broken-winded. 11. Quid (sit), cfc. "DecBJlS ~ decorum, honee-
tum. 14 sq. H. is an Eclectic, the servile follower of no school : per-

EPISTLES I. i. ii. 887

haps in some danger, however, of being " blown about by every wind

of doctrine." 20. Ut dies (videtur) longa deb. op., etc. 81. Est

tenus, it is possible to advance to a certain point. 36. The ancients
ascribed to the number three a mysterious magical power. 48. Ne
cures = ut desinas curare. 47. Mel. = supientiori. Non viS. " A ques-
tion with non expresses surprise that a thing is not so, or a doubt of tho
possibility [or propriety] of its being denied.'' Cf. C. 258, 5; and
Kriiger's Qr. 514, 2, b. 49. Olympia. ace. of specification, or of inter-
nal object; '0\vimfa<jT£(inipova^ai. 63. Janas s. ab i. Like a// Wall-
ttreet. See Sat. ii. 'i, 19 note. Let all liberally educated scholars, who
should give the tone to the best society in every civilized community,
maintain the standard of high thonrjht and simple living, rebuking the
vulgar worship of wealth, which has as many slavish devotees in Ame-
rica as in ancient Rome. 56. Snsp., used as middle voice, governinif
the ace. 66. But from the /our hundred (thousand «etfercc») (requisi to
by the Roscian law (61) for a knight's estate, and equal to about $15,000),
«IX (or) seven thousand are wanting. 60. Sibi, used of the 2d per»., as
is hivTia sometimes in Greek. Nil C S., to he conscious of no crime.
Culpa, accusation. 63. Mar., masculine, manly. 64. Qui, sc. suadet
(ut). Bern, money. 66. Men who possessed 400,000 scatorcos (the cen-
sus equester) were allowed to sit in the theatre on the knigbts' benches
directly behind the senators in the orchestra. 68. Praesens, standinrj
by thy side, always ready to help. 75. "Thou many-headed monster-
thing, 0 who would wish to be thy king?" Lady of the Lake, V. 30.
83. Lacus Lucrinus. Sentit am., etc. Cf. Carm. in. i. 3.1-:{7, and not*.
85. lean. Ace. of terminus. 86. The nuptial couch was called geniali»
as sacred to the Genius of the family who gave increase and blc^nini^.
92. Naus., t>/a»hV/jo««. 100. Soil. Adj. like adv. Cognate ace. lOT.
Praec., i. c. above all others. Sanus, «o"n^ in mind and body. Hlil —
est, a humorous addition. Pit ui ta, trisyllable.

Epist. II. — Ad Lollium Maximum. (727-733.)

In this mlmiral.le Epixtlf nn nll.-K(.rir«l «'xphiiMitlnn of the irotnrrir nnvtns is
piv.-ii. followed l.y ii ««Tiea of moral principle», clearly aiid kMOljr IM duwa lot
the due ri^gulntion of life.

1. Maxime has generally been tr. here eldest or most itlHsirioHs. We
have authority of inscriptions (Orut. 638. 2), however, for tho fact that
Marimns is a cognomen of the gens Lollla. 2. D«ol., pmctl^nt Iby-
self in (the) declamation (of original composition», as spcccbes, forensio
arguments in supposed cases, etc.). 8. Pulc, r« «oAir, honorable,

388 NOTES.

good in itself, virtuous. Utile, rd avfi^tpov, ectperftVnf, advantageous.
6. Fabula, the story, i. e. the Iliad. 7. Barbariae, (dat.,) with a
foreign nation. 9. Antenor advises {them) to cut off the cause of the
tear, (by giving Helen back to Menclaus. See Iliad. VII. 348-364.)
10. Paris, sc. /acit. Paris says, I cannot be compelled to give vp my
wife ; the poet exposes his arrogance and blindness by substituting to
reign in safety and live in happiness. Begnet applies to P. at least as
a prince. 11, 12. Cf. Iliad. I. 247 sqq.; IX. 96 sqq. 13. Hunc, Aga-
memnon. Amor (for Chryseis). IQ.VQCCaXMXy there is trouble. 19 sqq.
Imitation of the opening lines of the Odyssey. 23. The change to the
second person (nosti) is lively and effective ; in the next line, Horace,
who never carries anything too far, returns to the third. 25. Ezcors,
senseless, without mind. Cf. Cic. Tusc. I. ix. 18. 27. Nnmerus, mere
"ciphers." Fr. cons, nati, " Who know no reason why they 're born.
But only to consume the corn." 28. Sponsi, suitors. 29. In cute cur.,
in pampering the body. 31. To lull care to rest. Cess., supine. 34. Si
n<)les (jcurrere). Celsus 3, 21 : {hydropicis) multnm ambulandum, curren-
dum aliqnid est. 36. Stud, and rebus, dat. 37. Am., lust. 39. Est
from edo. 40. "Well begun is half done." ** Frisch gewagt ist halb
gewonnen." 42. Bust, (like the) countryman, in some fable, who waits
for the water to flow away before he crosses. 43. Notice the liquids,
and the flow of the metre, in this verse. 44. Beata, rich. Puer. cr.
dat. of end for which. 46. Cui cont. q. satis est, (is) optet nihil am-
plius. 48. Deduxit. Perf. used of a general truth, like the gnomic
a,orist. 49. Valeat, (both in mind and body.) 54. Sincerum, clean.
56. Veto, dat. 58. Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum, in Sicily, invented
a brazen bull. Persons were put inside, and the metal was gradually
heated till they were roasted to death. Other tyrants in Sicily were
notorious, as Agathocles and the Dionysii : tulit enim ilia quondam in-
sula mulfos et crudeles tyrannos. Cic. in Verr. 5, 56, 145. 60. Dolor et
mens, his indignation and rage. 61. Odio InultO, for his unsatiated
hale. 65. Venaticus catulus. 67. Militat, campaigns, i. e. hunts. 68.
Puer, in thy youth. Lollius was about five and twenty. Nunc — offer,
now present thyi^elf to thy betters, seek their society and advice. 69.
Becens, when new. Here Moore has been often quoted :
" You may break, you may ruin the va.se, if yon will,
But the scent of the rosea will hang round it still."

70, 71. With his accustomed ease, Horace ends his didactic strain by
a sportive allusion to his own practical philosophy of doing neither too
much nor too little.

EPISTLES I. ll.-V.
Epist. III. — Ad Julimn rionim. (734.)

A letter to Julius Florns, to inquire after old frieiuls associated with him In
atteiidituce upon Tiberiuri Claudius Nero, who then had a CDninnind in the E,i«t;
written also to encourage him in literary and intellectual studies: hut uiainly, per-
haps, to draw him to a complete recouciliaiiuu with a comuiuu frieud, Muuatiaa.

4. Turres. Sestos and Abydos. 6. Quid opemm, tchat writing».
Stud., sc. litterarum. CuTO = scire laboro. 11. Lac et liv. ap. These
are opposed to the deep and hidden springs of Pindar's genius. Mo.

12. Ut, how. 13. Theb., like those of Pindar. 15. Quid — agit, how
it my friend Cel^ua f Mihi, ethic dat. 16 sqq. It is not necessary to
suppose Celsus guilty of the flagrant sin and dishonesty o{ plagiarism ;
perhaps he was only chargeable with the weakness of imitation. Priv-
opes, treasures of his oxen. 17. Augustus founded a library in the tempio
of Apollo on the Palatine. (Cf. Carm. i. xxxi.) 18. Rep., supine. 19.
^sop's well-known fable of the d.nw in the borrowed plumage. 21. Cir-
cum quae thyma. 24. Hesp., withyMro as coguate-acc., to decide law-
points as chamber-counsel. Y. Amab., pleasing, agreeable. 25. Hed.
Cf. Carm. I. i. 29. 26. The chilling fom»:ntation8 of cares. Cur. is-consti-
tuent gen. or gen. of the material. 30. (Num) sit Munatius tibi (tantac)
curae, etc. 32. Coit. " Used properly of a wound closing up tviid heal-
ing." 33. Rerum ins., ignorance of the world. 34. FerOB, restive.

Epist. IV. — Ad Albium Tibullmn. (728-734.)

To the poet TibulluR, whoue elegies we ntill have, — a ploawmt recital of the
comforts and means of ha|ipine»M at his command, with a hint lu to their right
lue. Uorace and he bad served together in the campaign of Philippi.

6. Erai, used not to be ; never toert. Pectore, soul. 7. DedSrunt. Sys-
tole. 8. Hntric, a kind nurse. 9. Pericles said of himself, " I think
I am behind none in at once knowing what things are required and
explaining them to others." Thucyd. II. CO. 10. QxdXisL, popularity.

13. " Live this day as if the last." Bishop Ken.

Epist. v. — Ad Toi^uatum. (734.)

An Invitation to dirmer on the eve of Caewir's birthday, uniting praises of con.
Tiviality with a regard to uiceties of taste, comfort, aud security.

1. Arch., made by Archias, some workman of the day. 2. Omne —
qnalecumque. 01. om., i. e. "pot-luck." 4. Tauro itcrum (consule).
6. Arcesse, send it me. ArcesHO, ar {=ad) and cesso, involving the
same root (ci') as ci-eo. Mc. Imp. fer, submit to my authority (as the
master of the feast). 7. Bpl. The hearth has been brightly polished.

390 NOTES.

9. Augustus's birthday fell on Sept. 23. 12. Quo miM fort., of what
use to me 18 fortune, for vf hat end (shall I deem) fortune (given) me?
21. Imperor as middle, I bid myself, I undertake. 27. Prior, to which
he had a previous invitation. 28. TJmb. Cf. Sat. ii. viii. 22. 30. Ee-
bus, thi/ business. 31. Elude the client waiting for thee in the atrium,
hy coming out at the back-door.

Epist. VI. — Ad Numicium. (729-736.)

Philosophical observations on the Stoic principle, nihil admirari: that is, to
esteem nothin<{ su liiglily that we inu8t either obtiin it or fly from the sight of it.
A calm eritimate of tlie value of other objects has its ground iu the couvictiou that
Virtue is the only good.

1. Nil ad., i. e. to regard nothing with passion (L.), to estimate nothing
beyond its merits. 3. Hanc, "yon," StiKrixQi. 4. Temp., the seasons.
Horn., laws of motion. Cf. Cic. Tusc. I. xvii. 40. 5. Mun. terrae, gold,
silver, marble, etc. 6. Quid (censes munera) maris, i. e. pearls, pur-
ple, etc. 7. Ludicra, the public games. Dona, i. e. oflSces of honor.
Quiritis, sing, used collectively. 11. &im\il= pariter. 12. Quid (at-
tinet) ad rem, what matters it f 13. Spe, expectation. 17. Arg., sil-
ver plate. Artes, works of art. 25. Cum, althouijh. 26. The portico
of Agrippa was much resorted to as a promenade. The wealthy Ro-
mans used the via Appii as a drive. 27. Among their kings, the names
of Numa and Ancus were especially dear to the Romans. 31. Hoc age,
make this thy earnest study (i. e. to pursue virtue alone). 32. P. OCCU-
pet, gain the harbor before {thee). 36 sqq. An ironical enumeration
of the advantages of wealth. 39. Mane, loc., rich in slaves. 40. The
chlamys was an upper garment worn by the Greeks, a light shawl or
mantle, generally of a purple color. 46, 46. Said ironically. Fallunt,
are unknown to. Fur., especially the servants. 49. Species, state,
pomp, show. Gratia, popularity. 50. The candidate for oflBce, in order
to ingratiate himself with the citizens, greets all he meets by their own
names ; to aid himself in this, he employs a slave as nomenclator. 61.
Trans pondera, across the weights on the counter of the tradesman. (0.)
Across obstacles, others. Beyond his balance, (stretching over so as to
be in danger of falling). G., R., Kr. Cf. Lach. ad Lucret. 6, 574. 62.
Fabia and Velina, sc. tribu. 53-4. Curule ebur, the curule chair,
occupied by the higher officers of state. Importunus, obstinate, ill-
natured. Mc. 55. Facetus, politely. 61. Lav., (in order to excite
appetite again.) 62. C. cera digni, deserving of being enrolled among
the Caerites. Caer. cera = Caeritibua tabulis, the register of the inhab-

EPISTLES I. vi. vii. 391

itants of Caere, who possessed Roman citizenship without the right oi
suffrage. The phrase was probably afterwards applied, as here, to those
deprived of the riyht of suffrage as unworthy. 63. Rem., crew. 64.
Int. volup., i. e. the slaughter of the cattle of the Sun-god. 67. Istis,
than these precepts which thou now readest, or which I write for thee,
68. His refers to the rule laid down at the beginning, and taken up in
verse 30, Si virtu» — deliciis / for all that follows is only recommended
ironically, and in such a way aa to hold up to contempt every rule of
life but that of virtue. Mo.

Epist. VII. — Ad Maecenatem. (731-736.)

An affectionate, but independent, letter to Maecenas, npologizin^c for the po4>t'R
lengthened absence in the country. He says that, on account of his bcalth, he
will not be able U) return to Rome before the sprinj;; that he is not an jounp and
cheerful as he was once; that he is sure that MaeceuMs's libemlity was bestowed
ap<m him in a generous spirit, without meaning to conipromisp his inde|)end«'nce;
and that he would give up everythinj; he had ever received rather thau forfeit his
liberty. lie illustrates his positiou by fable and anecdote.

1. Qainque dies, a conventional phrase to express any short time.
2. Seztilis, or the "sixth month" of the old calendar, was first called
Augustus, in honor of the emperor, B. C. 8. 6. The design, arranged
the procession at the funeral of any important person ; his attend-
ants (apparitores) are here called lictors, as keeping order, making
way for the procession. Atris, clad in black. Lict. is abl. of means ;
the designator feels honored by the large number of his "lictors"
in a long procession. 7. Paeris, dat. of object of anxiety. 8. Of.
sednl., assiduous attendance on the great. 12. Contractus, retired,
in seclusion (Kr.); wrapt up, and drawn bead and knees together;
curled up snug. (0., Mc, Y.) Others, " in narrow quarters," (as one
finds himself at some of our sea-side hotels), or " living in frugal stylo."
16. Benigne, (a polite way of declining,) you are very kind, ich danke
bestens. 21. Haec seges, i. e. afield town thus. 22. Dig^l, masc,
dative. He is ready to serve those who are worthy, and moreover he
knows the difference between true money and counterfeit (i. e. between
valuable gifts and worthleas one«). Faratns, nom. after the inf., by
a Greek construction, instead of ace. with inf. C. 241, 6; M. 401, 3.
24. Pro 1. (bene) merentis, in proportion to the merit of my benrfactor.
85. Somn. pi., i. c. the sound sleep of the poor. 87. Verec., »c. »««.
88. Audisti = nppellatus es. 40 sqq. In the Odyssey (iv. ft01-fi07) Tel.
declines to receive the horses offered him by Menelaus (Atridr 4'}), for
the reasons here given. 48. Carinae, the name of a quarter (vicus)
in the fourth regio of the city, on the Esquilino hill; Been from the

392 NOTES.

Palatine, it had the form of a ship's keel. Here Philippns dwelt. 51.
The barber generally cleaned the nails of his customers. 62. Non
laeye = dextre, dexterrime. 53. TTnde domo --= a qua domo. Cf. Verg.
.Aen. VIII. 114. Domo ^patria. 54. If/ree-fcorn, he would know hiB
father; if & /reedman, he would have & patronua. 56 sq. Known buih
to (i. e. of whom it was well known that he would) he busy un proper
occasion and take hi» ease, etc. 59. Lndls, in the theatre. 64. Negle-
git — negligit. 65. Only poor people appeared in public in a simple
tunic without the toga. 72. Die. tac., i. e. everything that came into
his head. 79. Req. seems to be used here in the sense of recreation,
pleasure. 85. St., dat. Im. St., " he works himself to death." 93-
Yerum, right. 94. Genium, sc. tuum. See note Epist. ii. ii. 187.

Epist. VIII. — Ad Oelsum AlbinoYanum. (734.)

To the secretary of Tiberius Claudius Nero. A self-reproitching description of
the writer's own deficiencies, ending with an admonition against being elated by
promotion and success.

1. The form of salutation here used is like the Greek ;^«i>£ii/ xai
«J irpiirretv. The infinitives are objeot-ace. of refer ; or we may supply,
with 0., »ie eum jubere. 2. Bogata, a me. 3. M. et. p m., purposing
many and honorable things. 10. Gxxx ^ propter ea quod. 12, Vent., in-
conntant, fickle, 13, 14. Ut, how. 14. Juv., Tiberius, who was then
twenty-two years old. 15, Gaadere, sc. jube eum.

Epist. IX. — Ad Olaudium ITeronem. (734. )

A model of a letter of introduction addressed to a superior.
4. Dignum, a# one worthy. Somoque, and the family. Leg. hon.,
choosing what is noble (and noble-minded men for his friends). 5 (Me)
fungi. Prop., nearer (thee), i. e. more familiar. 8. Mea, my {influ-
ence). 11. Have descended to the privileges of a man-ofthe-world's a»-
aurance. 13. Gregis. Partitive or (better) possessive gen.

Epist. X, — Ad Aristium Fuscnm. (734.)

In praise of rural life, moderation, and contentment.
1. Salv. jub. A common formula at the beginning of letters. 2. R.
amat, pi. for sing. 3. Cetera, ace. of specification. 4. Et alter
(negat). 5. In like manner we nod assent (to each other), (like) old
and well acquainted doves. 6. Nidum, i. e. the city. 8. Quid quaeris,
(why need you ask ?) = in short. 10. Horace pictures a slave who runs

EPISTLES I. viii.-xi. 393

away from a priest, his master, because he gets more cake to eat than
bread, and longs for simpler food. Sweet cakes being offered in sacri-
fice, the priest is always well supplied with them. 13. Pon. domo, dat,
with gerundive, of end for which. Domo is the older form of the dat.
15. Est (locus). 16. Mom., probably the injiuence ; others, the inore-
meiits or the course. 19. Lib. lap., Libyan »io«uic«, the small pieces of
Libyan (i. e. Numidian) marble with which the floors were laid in mo-
saic pictures and figures. Such pavements were often strown with
flowers and sprinkled with perfumes. 20. PL, the leaden pipes leading
from the aqueducts. 22 sq. Nay, you imitate the country in the city,
by your groves and gardens in the cavaediuin or imptiivinni, and by
seeking a prospect of the country (such as Maecenas enjoyed). 24^
Rustics used their pitch-forks to drive away wolves and bears. — " Put
nature out at the door, she comes in through the window." Sir Roger
L'E^trange. 25. And, victorton$, will unawares break through your
morbid disdain (of the country). 26. Cont., to compare. 31. Pones,
thou wilt lay it aside. 33. Vita, in your life, in the true enjoyments
of life. 40. Impr., insatiable. 44. LaetllS, (»/) contented. 49. The
imperf. is used by letter-writers, throwing themselves forward to tho
time when their letter is read. C. 200. 50. The clause quod— essei may
be considered as a noun of the neut. gender, in the abl. absolute with ez-
Cepto. C. 187, 5; H. 431, n. 1 ; A. 255, bj G.438, R,5j M.428; Z. 647.

Epist. XI. — Ad BuUatium. (725-735.)

Adflrc»M>d to a man wand<«rin(f «broad, wlio, — llkn Boni« Am*>rioan«, — dlKf^tisted
Vith his home and weary uf liinu»eir, thuught to dia|>el hU ennm by travulliitg.

1. Visa (est). 9. "The world forgetting, by the world forjfot."
Pofje. 10. Cf. Lucret. 11. 1 i»qq. 13. FrigUI COl., Aa# caught cold or
been chilled by the cold. 16. Across the sea, so that he could not
return to his country. 17. Ineolnmi, to a man in sound mind. Faoit,
qnod, is fust as (little) suitable, as. 18. Camp., a short apron or girdle,
worn around the loins in gymnastic excrcisrs and gamen. 26. Arb.,
irhirh commands the sea, etc., \. e. commands (a prospect of) the soft.
28. Bt. inertia, a good instance of oxymoron and of Horace's callida
junrtura. 28-9 Hav. atq. q., with our yachts and chariots, I. c. excur-
sions V)y sea and land. 29, 30. Hie, here (in Rome.) Ul., ay, even al
Ulubrae (a little town in Campania) or any other obscure place. " Mas-
lachusetts, Connecticut River, and Boston Bay you think paltry places,
and the ear loves names of foreign and classic topography. But here
we are: and. if wc tarry a little, we may come to learn that b«re is

394: NOTES.

best. See to it, only, that thyself is here ; and art and nature, hope
and fate, friends, angels, and the Supreme Being, shall not be absent
from the chamber where thou sittest. . . . The Jerseys were handsome
ground enough for Washington to tread, and London streets for the
feet of Milton." B. W. Emerson, " Heroism." 30. Aeqaus, calm, con-
tented^.

Epist. XII. -Ad Iccimn. (734, 735.)

A letter of introduction for Gro8i)hn8 to Iccius, who was managing Agrippa's
estates in Sicily : beginning witli some general remarks on the position and cir-
cumstances of Iccius, exhorting him to contentment, and commending his pur-
suit of philosophy in the midst of common employments. After recommending
Grosphus, the letter ends with the last news of importance from the East, not
neglecting to add a hint as to the grain market.

2. Non est, it is not possible. 4. Cui — USUS, i. e. who has as much
at his command as he needs. 5. If thou art in good health. 7. In.
m. p. abst., abstaining from viands placed within thy reach. 8. Urt.
The nettle forms an ingredient in the broth of poor people in England
and still more in Scotland. Mc. Protinus, lit. right on, always, in
future, lit, even if. 9. Confestim, straightway, at once. 10. Natu-
ram (tuam). 11. Una = «o/a. 13. Per. est, is wandering, is abroad on
its travels. Z. 14. Amidst so great an itching for and infection of gain,
i. e. surrounded by avaricious persons. 16. Adhuc, still, rwxnc quoqup.
Subl., ra /itr/uipa, physics. 18. Premat, hides. Obsc, proleptic, so that
it is obscured. 19. Berum, of the universe. Conc. disc, the harmony
in variety. 20. Whether the Pythagorean or the Stoic philosophy is
false, ^t. acumen = Stertinius acutits. 21. H. speaks humorously of
cutting up or butchering vegetables as well as fishes. 22. TItere, i. e.
give a kind reception to. A. 23. Verum = recfim. 24. The price of
friends is cheap when good men want anything; the friendship of a good
man is obtained by giving him aid involving trifling expenditure, for
he will only ask what is reasonable. 25. Observe the rhyme of the two
hemistichs in this verse. In the middle ages, such verses were called
Leonine. They occur in a few cases in Homer and Virgil. 28. Genibus
minor, prostrate at his knees ; lit. lower than the knees (of Caesar).
I'hraates, however, did not come in person to Rome, but made his
(Submission through ambassadors. 29. Italiae, dative.

Epist. Xm.- Ad Vinium AseUam. (730-736.)

Instructions for the presentation of some poems to Augustus : hardly to be
taken as actually written to the messenger, but designed for Augustus s own
eading.

EPISTLES I. xiii. xiv. 395

2. Sig. vol. Each book was rolled up around a long cylinder. Around
each would be wrapped a piece of parchment, to which Horace's seal
would be attached. 4. S":. nostri, in thy zeal for me. 5. Sed. minigter,
an ocer-buHt/ ae.vaut. 8. Implugas, (e. g. against a wall, like a donkey
anxious to get rid of its burden.) 9. Fabula, the totcn-talk. 10. Per
C. f. 1. A coinuion phrase, with no particular applicability to the road
from Horace's farm to Rome. 14. Glomas, ace. sing. neut. 16. Pileus,
a skull-cap, made of felt, and worn at night or in bad weather. (The
man would wear it on his way home from the dinner-party.) Solea,
the slipper worn in the house, (as calceus was the walking -shoe.)
Ilavinff no slave to carry them for him, the poor guest comes with
them under his arm. 18. Oratas, (although) entreated. 19. Cavt.

Epist. XIV. — Ad Vilicum sumn. (732-735.)

A letter nomin-illy addresscnl to hi» stoward, in which Hor»re sets ft>rth hi» own
love fo • the tountiy. ami <lritw8 a moral from iii« kIuvo'h «onduct an to the t«iu|Mr
of the envious, discontented, and lazy, who never know what ihey wuut.

1. On his own farm, escaped from Rome, Horace felt that he belonged
to himself and not to others. 2. Focis, i. e./amilie». 3. Patres, heads
of families, who went up occasionally on business to the neighboring
town. 4. Certemas, subj. in exhortation or challenge. 5. An rei, or
kU /arm. 6. Horace is detained at Rome by his sympathy with the
fraternal affection and grief (pietas et cara) of (L. Aelius) Lamia,
who was mourning for the death of his brother Quintus. 7. Cf. Epiat.
XII. 25, note. 8. IttOOi to that place where thou art, i. e. my farm. 9.
£t — Claustra, and long to break through the barriert that nppote wiy
eoume. Race terms. 10. (Te) viventem, tu (me), etc. 18. In onlpa -■
eulpandwi. 14. The steward had been one of the lowest slaves of all
work in the city household. Mediast. appears in Italian form (m««-
ehine) in Dante, Inf. 9, 45. 26. Terrae g^avii, heary (opprcBfive) to
the earth. T., dat. of disadvantage. £t tamen, and yet, (as thou com'
plainest,) although thou must forego the plcasurrs of the city. 28. In
the hot weather, cattle were fed with leaves cut from the trees, from
want of pasturage. 29. (Tibi) pigro. Blvui, (the Digentia.) 83.
Tennes, light, fine. The opposite is toga cramn. 83. Immnnem, with-
out giving money or gifts. 84. Liq., clear. 85. Of, Carm. x. \. 21, note.
88. Obs., secret. Morsn, backbiting. 89. (iood-nntiirod laughter at
the citizcn'H awkwardness. 40. Diaria >Bci7>ari'a. 42. Argutni, sly,
cunning. 44. XJterqne, i. e. bos et caballus. Cf. Cio. Twtc. I. xvilL
41 : Qitam qnisque nor it artem, in hac $e exerceat.

896 NOTES.

Epist. XV. — Ad Numonimn Valam. (731-734.)

A rambling letter of inquiry, whether Velia or Saleriium has the most attrao
tious aei a watering-place, liy the character of Maeniiis the writer illustrates, ia
a somewhat coarse parallel, his own power of contenting himself with a Irugal
fore, while he relishes a sumptuous one.

1. Quae sit, etc. The governing clause is in verse 25. 2, 3. Mihi
Baias supervacuas (facit) Antonius (Mttsa, the physician of Augus-
tus, famous for his advocacy of cold water). Facit Buperyacuas, re-
presents as of no service. 3. Illis (Baits vel Baianis). The people of
Baiae are provoked at Horace's leaving them. 6. Fr., i. e. the winter.
Murteta, the myrtle groves near Baiae in which houses were erected
over the sulphur springs for vapor baths. 8. To take douche-baths.
12. The horse would turn to the right, as usual, to go to Cumae ; the
horseman pulls by the left-hand rein to make him take the road to Sa-
lernum or Velia. 13. But the horse does not listen to words, so tho
reins must be used. 15. Col. imb., in cisterns". 18. (Vinum) genero-
sum. 19. Manet from mandre. 29. Civem hoste, friend from foe.
33. Maenius generally lived upon either those who favored his dissi-
pation, or those who were afraid of his tongue. 36 sq. Like a reformed
Bestius, he would say forsooth that the bellies of profligates ought to he
branded with red-hot iron. 39. When he had turned it all into smoke
and ashes, a proverbial expression, = when he had consumed it all.
40.Q,m., some folks. Com. hon&, eat vp their estate. 41. Volva (vulva).
The udder and womb of a sow, especially after her first litter, were con-
sidered as great delicacies. 42. Hie = talis. 46. Fundata, invested.

Epist. XVI. — Ad Quintium. (733-737.)

The poet describes his Sabine farm, and discourses on the liability of men to bij
deceived in respect to their own goodness and that of others by the judgment of
the multitude. Be good rather than seem.

5. Continui sc. sunt. " There is a range of hills, just dissevered by a
valley." The farm stood upon the slope of a range of hills, intersected
by the narrow valley of the Digentia, running due north and south. 6.
The right and left sides of the valley are determined by the course of
the stream. 7. Vaporet, veils in mist. 9. Corna et pruna, cornels and
sloes. 15. Dulces expresses the poet's own liking, amoenae the charm
of the landscape in itself. 17. Audis, i. e. thou art said to be. 20.
Alius followed by the abl. ; another than. 24. Pudor malus, false
shame. 28. Servet, subj. in a wish or prayer. 36. Clamet (me esse).
38. Mordear, mutem, subj. in a q^uestiou of propriety. If any one

EPISTLES I. xv.-xvii. 397

attacks me with false charges, am J to be atung or blush ? 39 sq. Folsas
— mendacem, undenerved honor pUanea and false opprobrium vffriyht*
tchom but the faulty and the false (i. e. the one who makes false pre-
tences to virtue) ? 43. By icho%e surety property in retained, and ftjf
tohose testimony causes are won. A. 49. Sabellus, the Sabine farmer,
frank and outspoken. 51. Miluus (trisyl.) = «»/7fc-H8 (Lex.). It was
probably a fish of the mackerel family. 64. Miscebis sacra profanis,
i. e. wilt disregard all the distinctions of right and wrong. 66. D. est,
n. f., lenius, the loss is less, not the crime. Mihi, in my judgment. 67.
Bonus (in the popular estimation). 64. Boys used to fasten a small
coin to the pavement, and watch the fruitless efforts of passers by to
pick it upv 67. Locum, the ranks. 69 sqq. The captive and slave of
his passions has no longer any value in and for himself ; tolerate him
as conducing to the advantage of society as a mere instrument. 73 sqq.
A scene is introduced from the Bacchae of Euripides (489 sqq.), where
Dionysos himself, under the form of a priest of Dionysos, is brought
before Pentheus, king of Thebes. Quid indignum, tchat outrage, rl ri
iuv6t>. 78. The ancients approved of self-murder in extreme cases.
Linea, i. e. the goal ; in allusion to the chalk-line which was the goal as
well as starting-point in the chariot-races. Cf. Cic. Tu»c. I. viii. 16 j d«
Sen. xxiii.

Epist. XYII.-Ad Scaevam. (734-737.)

On Intimacy with the great.

2. Majoribus Uti, to associate with one's superiors (in rank and
power). 3. Docandus agrees with amiculni, which diminutive Horace
uses to speak of himself modestly. 6. Feclsse. C. 246, 1, b ; Z. 590.—
6. Frimam in horam, i. c. till seven o'clock. 8. I shall bid thee go
to some obscure place in the country. 10. Fefellit, has been unobserved,
has escaped notice. Cf. Ov. Trist. 3, 4, 25. It was a maxim of Epicurus,
Xi^t 0i<iau(. 11. Tuis, thy friends. 12. Siccus ad unctuxn - a poor
man to a wealthy. But tr. literally. 13 sqq. Horace illustrates his sub-
jcctby abruptly introducing a dialogue between Diogenes the Cynic and
Aristippufl. 18. Qui me notat, hf irho censures me. 18. Eludebat,
parried, baffled. 19. Mihi and populo, dat. of advantage. Hoc refers
to the/r<»^named, " I play the buffoon for my own advantage," because
it means this course of mine. 2L OAcium facio, I pay my court. 22.
Nullius, so. hominis. 23. Color, (external appearance.) condition of
life. 24. Fere — tMqnXLVH, generally contented mith the present. It waS
AristipDUS's motto, ri ftiv wap^vra wrlpytiv, rd M (ityrlut ^tirijv. 26. !□-

398 NOTES.

stead of both an under and an over garment, (the chiton and the cWa-
my»), the Stoics wore a coarse woollen mantle {abolla) which they
wrapped twice around the person. 27. Alter, i. e. Aristippus. 29.
Personam, character. 30. The Milesian wool was very costly. 81 sq.
Acron relates that once when Diogenes and Aristippus were together
in the bath, the latter contrived to steal away with the Cynic's tattered
mantle, intending thus to oblige Diogenes to put on his purple cloak.
Diogenes, however, would not do so, but waited till Aristippus returned
him his own cloak. 32. Sine from sino. 38. While the original Greek
had another sense, the proverb here means, it is impossible that all can
be fortunate. 39. Hie, here, i. e. in /aciendo viriliter, in acting like a
man. 42. Fretium, the reward. Experiens, who makes the' trial, qui
subit onus. 43. Reg^e, patron, wealthy friend. 45. Hoc, hic, i. e. pin»
ferre veXferre aliquid. 49. Quadra, a square (of a cake or loaf) ; hence,
a share. 62. DuctUS, (by his patron.) 65. Refert, repeats, acts over
again. Nota acumina, the hackneyed tricks. Catellam (diminutive
of catena), a bracelet or necklace. 66. Periscelidem, an anklet. 68=

Semel irrisns, he who has once been deceived (a piano). 69. Planum,
o vayrant. 62. Peregrinum, qui te non novit.

Epist. XVIII.— Ad Lollium Maxinrnm. (734.)

How one may worthily win the friendship of the great.

2. Professus, sc. te esse ye\/ore. 7. Tonsa cute, with a cropped head.
9. Aristotle says "Virtue is a deliberate habit, lying in a mean, — a
mean between two faults, one of excess, one of defect," 10. Alter, i. e.
the scurra. Imi lecti, gen. of place. 11. Derisor, {like a) jesting para-
site. 15. De lana caprina, to quarrel about goats' tcool = to quarrel about
nothing at all, or a thing of no value. Cf. " um dcs Kaiser's Bart,"
vcpl Svov OKtai. 16. Nugi3,/or trifles. Scilioet, to think! 17. Et —
SOrdst, and that I should not bark out boldbj xrhat I really think! A
second life woxdd be a poor return (for such compulsory silence). 19. C.
and D., two gladiators. 21. Damnosa, ruinous. 22. Gloria, vain-
glory, vanity. Vires, his means. 23. Importuna, restless, immod-
erate. 25. Decern — instructior, furnished with ten times as many rices.
26. Regit, tutors him, gives him rules for his conduct. 32. BeatUS,
happy (in his own eyes).. 33-36. The eflFects of gratifying a taste for
display in dress. Nummos alienos = aes alienura, debt. 37. lllius,
i. e. of thy patron. 42. Severe, sc. Zetho. Dat. of the agent (so called).
46 Aetolian toils are toils fit for Meleager, the king of Aetolia, who

EPISTLES I. xviii. xix. 399

destroyed the Calydonian boar. Kr. adopts the conj. Aeol{i$(=C\i-
maiiid). 47. Inhumanae, unsocial. Senium, the moroaeneas. 63.
Corona», o/ the ring (of spectators). 64. Campestria, i. «. in the
Campus Martius. 66. Dnce, i. e. Augustus. 67. Quid = qua terra.
Italis armis (dativo) = Romano imperio. 69. Ext. n. m. que, out of
time and tune, i. e. unbecoming. 64. Velox V. Victoria is always re-
presented as a young female, with winga, and with a palm-hranch or
wreath in her hand, or both. 66. In the fights of gladiators, the people
expressed their approbation by turning their thumbs down, and the
reverse, (the sign for despatching a wounded gladiator,) by uplifting
them. Tuum ludnm, metaphorical for tua atudia, 74. Tradimus, we
recommend, introduce. 75. DeceptUS — tueii, etc., having been deceived
(in thy opinion of him), ceaae to defend him, in order that thou mnynl
protect one thoroughly tcell known, if slander» aaaail him. 78. Dentd
Th., i. e. with the tooth of calumny. 87. Falemi depends upon bibuli.
89. Teporeg, heata. So most good MSS., Bent., Kr., Ob., R. 91.
Obscuri, rearrred : others, " designing." 92. Leges, so. philoanphotwn
acripta. Doctos, the taiae. 94. Semper inops, never aatiajied. 95.
Mediocriter Utilium, i. e. indifferently useful, indifferenda, ri af)id-^opa,
e. g. riches and honors. 96. It was a question with the ancient»,
whether virtue ia capable of being taught. 09. Fallentis, escaping
notice, unobserved, obscure; the life of one "Along the cool, sequca-
tered vale of life," who keeps " the noiseless tenor of his way." 100.
Me, obj. of refieit, and to be repeated as subj. of aentire and preenri.
108. Sit, and yivam, subj. of wish and prayer. Mihi, for myaelf, in
my own way, not the slave of others. 106. In annum, for a year.

Epist. XIX. — Ad Maecenatem. (736.)

AgsUnut Horaco'i incompetent imitutora, and «■nTioua critici.

1. Frisco, i. e. a poet of the old comedy {eomoedin priaea). 2. Take
din with placere. 3. Fotoribus, abl. of the means, rather than "dat.
of the agent." Ut — poetas, ever aince Liber etiliated mad porta in
addition to hia Satyra and Fauna (in hiB train). 6. See Iliad. V[. 2fi1.
8. The bu.sinefl» of lawyera was transacted in the Forum, that of hank-
ers and brokers near the Putcal Libonis. 13. Textore, inxfrumental
abl., with the help of the weaver of a short, narrow tog». Of. Kpist. i.
i. 9.3 : curatua inarf/uali tnnanre rapilloa. Like volln and pede, to be taken
with aimulet. 17. Vitiis imitabile, eaaily imitated in ita drfecta. " Tho
faults of great men are the first things in them which are imitated.'*

400 NOTES.

18. Exsangue, which makes pale. 20. Tumultus, frantic efforts. 21.
Per vacuum, i. e. where no Roman had preceded me. 23. Ezamen.
The metaphor is taken from bees. 25. Non — Lycamben, not his sub-
jects, and his words which persecuted Lycamhes. 26. Foliis (hederae).
Brevioribus = minortiM*. 27. Modus = nwmcro* / carminis artem,
the structure of the verse. 28. The manly (energetic, bold) Sappho tem-
pers her Muse with the vieasure of Archildchus, Alcaeus tempers his. 29.
Rebus, in his subjects. 32. HuHC, sc. Alcaeum. 33. Jurat (me). Im-
memorata. Cf. Carm. m. i. 2 ; iv. ix. 3. 34. *' Fit audience find, though
few." 36. Fremat, cries down. 39. Ultor, the vindicator, defender.
40. Tribus, the cliques of grammarians or critics ; pulpita, their chairs,
(showing that they were rhetoricians and teachers.) 41. Hinc illae la-
crimae. A proverbial expression. (Cf. Terent. And. I. i. 99.) This
is the cause of their displeasure. Theatris = auditoriis. 42. (Me)
pudet. 43. Ait (aliquis). 43. J ovia = A ugusti. 44. Manare is here
used by poetical license as transitive. 45. Naribus uti, i. e. to show
jny contempt. 46. Luctantis, i. e. of my antagonist. 48. Genuit, perf.
of a general truth, like the gnomic aorist.

Epist. XX. — Ad Libmin sTinin. (733-736.)

With this epistle the poet closes his first book, and sends forth the volmne into
the world, addressing it as ii young and wanton person, eager to escape from the
retirement of home and rush into dangers it knows nothing of. Yet he proplie-
sies for it a wide reception, and bids it finally take fortli and publish, to many a
gathering concourse, the outlines of his life and character.

1. There was a shrine and statue of Vertumnus near the Janus (or
passage-way) in the vicus Tuscus or turarius, in the neighborhood of
which books and other wares were sold cheap. 2. The parchment-rolls
on the outer side were polished with pumice-stone, for the sake of orna-
ment and of smoothness to the touch. 3. Gr. pud., which are accept-
able to a modest book. Sealing was often used in ancient times on
capsae (book-cases), chests, and boxes, and even chambers, in place of
(or in addition to) locks. 4. Com., publicity. 5. Fuge, haste. De-
scendere. The Forum was on lower ground than Horace's house. 8.
In b. 0., i. e. to be rolled up into a small compass, (and put back in
the capsa.) FlenuS, satiated. 9. Od. pec, by aversion to the offender
(i. e. the book). Augur, i. e. Horace. 10. Aetas, youth, novelty. 12.
Inertes. The original force of the composition remains here {in-ars) :
"unlettered, without appreciation of art. 13. Yinctus, tied up (as a bun-
dle of goods). Mc. 14. Mon., i. e. Horace. 14 sqq. What 's the use
of trying to sare such a wilful thing ? as the driver said, when his asa

EPISTLES I. XX.-II. i. 401

would go too near the edge of the precipice, and he drove him over in
a passion. (The original of this fable is not known.) 18. That stam-
mering old age come upon thee, teaching children the elements in the
back streets : i. e. that thou shalt be used in thy old age as a school-
book. Cf. Juv. VII. 226 :

Qaot stabant pneri, cum totua decolor esset

Flaccus, et haereret uigro fuligo Maruui.

19. When people read thee in the evening, when the sun is (tepidus,)
mild. 21. Nido depends upon majores, greater than (could be expected
from) the nest (in which I was born), and also upon eztendisse. 23.
Belli. Horace does not mind referring to his old generals, Brutus and
Cassius. Mc. 24. Sol. apt. He liked warm weather. 26. Te, aevum.
Percontor rarely takes two accusatives. 28. These were consuls A. u. c
733, B. c. 21.

EPISTVLARVM LIBER XL
Epist. I. — Ad Augustum. (743, 744.)

Ang^istus had complained that none of Horace's epiHtles had been addressed to
him; wliereupon the poet wrote this noble letter. It contain* graceful compli-
mentii to AugustuH; a reiiionHtrauce about the patronage bestowed on the old
poet«; a description of the rapid growth of art in Greece after the PerMan war;
a complaint that everylKxJy at Rome has taken to writing verses, whether they
can or no; a commendation of poets as good and usetiil citizens and contributors
t<i the national piety; a history of the growth of iK»etry in Italy; a conipurisou
between tragedy and come<ly; an account of the troubles of dramatic author»
through the caprices and bad taste of their aadiences, which at that time is stated
to have been especially deprave<i; an appeal to Augustus on behalf of the poets
of the day ; and a reproof to such poets as are uureasooiible or officious, and attempt
themes too exalted for them.

2. Res, empire. 4. 81 moier tua tempera, loere I to rob thee of thy
time. 7. Colnnt, i. e. improve and civilize : hence used both of the
earth and men. 10. Qui, i. e. Hercules. 11. Fatal!, dentined, im-
posed by fate. Forteuta, mon»ter$. 12. Supreme fine, (only) by hi»
death, 13. For that man tcorchet with hin brif/hljtenn, who overpower»
capacitien inferior to hia own. Mc. 14. Idem, and yet he. Adversative.
16. Jurandas, on which to »wenr. An altar was erected in Rome to
Augustus on his return from the East (B. C. 19), with the inscription
Fortunae reduci. 17. Alias — alio tempore. 23. Veterum, of ancient
{thing»). Tabulai, the laws of the Twelve Table». 24. Bis quinque
Tiri, the Decemvir». 25. (Cum) Qabiis. Aeq. » aeyut's condicivnibu»
26 Hor.

402 NOTES.

facta. 27. Dictitet (frequentative), it persista in asserting. 31. We
may disbelieve our senses. 32. Summum, the height. 33. XJnctis (for
wrestling). 38. Finis, some limit, a fixed date. 45 sqq. See Plutarch,
Sertorius, XVI. 47. Dum (is), qui redit — sacravit, cadat, etc., /alls
to the ground, /rustrated in the manner of the tumbling heap (of corn).
On the argumentatio acervalis or the sorites, see Hamilton's Lectures on
Logic, p. 268 (Am. ed.). 62. Fromissa, his professions. Ennius says
in the beginning of his Annals that he dreamed that the soul of Homer
had (according to the Pythagorean doctrine of transmigration) passed
into him. 54. Faene recens, as if he were almost modem. 58. Fro-
perare is thought to express Plautus's rapidity in plot and liveliness of
style. 61. Livius Andronicus first exhibited B. C. 240 ; Naevius flour-
ished 235; Plautus flourished 220; Ennius was brought to Rome 204;
Pacuvius and Caecilius flourished 200-170; Terence was born 195;
Accius 170; Lucilius 148; Afranius flourished 100 ; Atta (verse 79) died
78. 68. Jove aeqno {=propitio), i. e. with sound Judgment. 75. Ducit,
brings to market. 79. The stage was strown with flowers and sprinkled
with the essence of the crocus. 85. (When) beardless, (when) old.
87. The hymns of the Salii were very obscure. 92. Viritim, of all the
citizens. 94. Vitium, effeminacy. 100. Mature plena, quickly sati-
ated. The subj. of leliquit is Graecia. 102. Hoc, this (love and pur-
suit of art). Faces, times of peace. Vent, sec, i. e. prosperous fortup"".
104. From. y=de jure respondere. 105. Caut. — rectls, guarded
(guaranteed) by good securities. 110. Dictant, recite (0.); compose
(dictate to their amanuenses) Dil. 111. See Ep. i. 1. 10. 112. The
Parthians are called false from their deceitfulness in feigning flight.
120. Temere, easily. 123. Secundo = secundario, of second quality.
124. Militiae, dative. 128. Os fig., shapes the mouth (in teaching elo-
cution). 135. Gael, aquas, i. e. rain. 138. Manes = dii inferi. Cf.
Verg. Aen. XII. 646. 145. Fesc. licentia, i. e. " the Fescennine musi-
cal dialogue." 152. A law in the XII. Tables made it a capital off'ence
to libel or lampoon any one. 154. Vertere modum, they changed their
note. 156. Victorem, i. e. Romam. 158. The Satumian metre, an old
Italian measure used by Naevius, corresponds with that of the nursery
rhyme, " The queen is in the closet, eating bread and honey : " (e. g.
Dabant maMm Metelli Naevid poetae.) "ViruS, i. e. rudeness (of form).
160. Ruris = r««</"c?Vaf /«. 161. Adm. ac, the Roman (ferus victor)
directed his acute intellect. 163. Utile, worthy of imitation. 164.
Temp, rem, made the attempt. Vertere, to translate. 166. Tragicum,
adverbial ace; or we may take it as cognate ace. 167. Y. quotes Pope's
Imitation :

EPISTLES II. i. 40ft

" Even copioas Dryden wanted or forgot
The last and great«.>8t art, tho art tt) blot."

168. Ez medio, from common life. 170. Veniae minus, U»» indml-
gence, everybody being able to criticize everyday characters. 176. Cadat*
SKvinrri, t« unauccestt/ul. 177. If the dramatic poet id influenced by tho
love of fame. 181. Reducit mc (domum). 185. Eques, (representing
the more cultivated.) 188. Incertos, ror«m/, turned now hither and
now thither in the diversified spectacle. 189. The cvrtaina are kept
doicn, where we should say, the curtain» are kept up. In the ancient
theatres, the curtain was raised from beneath, to close the scene. 191.
Trah. fort, reg^m = unfortunate kiuya are dragged along. 193. Ebur,
works of art in ivory, or un wrought ivory also. Capt. Cor., the booty
of all Corinth. 195. A kind-of -animal quite different (from the coui'
mon), a panther united to a camel (Z.), i. e. a cameleopard or giraflc,
first brought to Rome by Julius Caesar. R. tr. Div. gen., a kind uf
animal of two opposite natures, (mild and savage.) 203. Artes, the
toorka of art (which adorned the stage, or were carried in the proces-
sions). 204. Diy., rich dresses and ornaments. Oblitus from ollino.
207. " His beautiful violet-colored dress." Yeneno, dye. 208. Qaae,
(poems.) 210. "To walk along a tight-rope," a proverbial expression
for doing something difficult and dangerous, or marvellous and admi-
rable, is here used with a sarcastic reference to the .idminition in which
rope-dancers were now held. 211. Inaniter, with no real cau*e. 213.
Not simply shifts the scene, but makes me think m ynelf novt in Thebes,
now in Athens. 214. Et, alto. 216. Tho library in the temple of
Apollo on the Palatine dedicated by AuguKtus, is the (mnnus) offering
worthy of the god. Caram redde brevem, pay « patting attt-ntion.
220. The man who cuts down his own vines, hurts himi<clf more than
any one else; and this is the meaning of tho proverb. 224. Hon ap-
parere, are not appreciated. 225. T. d. f., fine-spun, elegant. 230.
AeditnOB, guardian» of the temple ; finely applied to poet». 233. Ver-
sibus, dative. 234. Rettulit, a»cribed to. Properly a book-keeping
term. FhilippOt. (iold Philip», like gold Napoleon», or Loui» d'ur ;
a coin. 240. Lysippo. On the abl. cf. Epi»t. i. xvi. 20. 242. Vid. art.,
dat. of end for which, after inbtile ; for e»timating work» of art. 244.
(Alexandram) Datum (esse). Tho Bceotiamt were thought Hupid, (at
compared with the people of Attica,) and this was charged to tho hea-
viness of their atmosphere. 248. VoltUi (clarorum). 249. Cf. Mar-
tial : Ar» utinam more» animumque effingtre po»»et ! 250. SermoneS fep.
per hnmam. H. refers particularly to his Epistles. 255. The temple of
Janus was shut (two or) three times in the reigo of Auguitus. (Cf. Dio

404 NOTES.

64, 36.) 258. Eecipit, admits of. 260. Bat o^ciotmiess in its fool-
ishness annoys the one it loves. 262. Dlscit, (one) learns. 265. Busts
of literary and other distinguished men were set up in public libraries,
and multiplied for sale. 267. Fingai, stupid. Una, etc. Horace's
name would be associated with that of the poet who sung him, as is
e. g. Aeneas's with Virgil. 268 sqq. Vicum, so. Tuscum. — Horace
speaks of being stretched out in an open box as if he were a corpse
being carried on a common bier to the common burial-ground, (i e. to
the grocer's shop.) In plain language, the poet says he might expect
his panegyrist's verses to be carried to the grocer as waste-paper, and
himself to be held up to ridicule with the author. Mc.

Epist. II.— Ad Julium riorum. (743, 744.)

numerous excuses for not writiiip poetry, and moral reflections to show the
superiority of philosophy. This epistle furnishes valuable materiuls for Horace's
literary biography.

1. Keroni, Tiberio. 2. Si, etc. The apodosis begins in verse 16.
Puerum, a slave, verna. 6. Nummorum, sesterces. 8. Argilla uda,
abl. absolute. 9. Indoctum, etc., i. e. without being an artist, but yet
so as to please thee while drinking. 12. Meo, etc., I am poor, it is
true, but have no debts. Meo in acre opposed to in acre alieno. 13.
No other dealer would sell the boy so cheap, and I should not give him
so cheap to every purchaser. Temere, easily. 14. Semel cessavit, he
was a little behind the time once ; a mild statement of the fact that he
ran away. 15. Ill — lat., hid on the stair-case. — A whip was kept
hanging in a conspicuous place, in terrorem. 16. Excepta, made an
exception to his general character. Cf. Sat. ii. iii. 286. 17. Foenae
sec, " without fear of any action for false warranty." 18. Frudens,
knowinfjly. 21. Mea epistula. Y. suggests that mea may be construed
as a neut. pi. for me, after the Greek idiom. 23 sq. Mecum — attemp-
tas, if, notwithstanding, thou assailest the conditions which are on my
side. 24. Supar hoc =praeterea. 28. (Velut) vehemens lupus. 30.
Begale, of the king (Mithridates). 36. Mentem, spirit, daring. 40.
Z3nani = his purse. The soldiers kept their money in their girdles.
41. Doceri, etc., to read the Iliad. 43. Bonae, dear. 44. Curve, /row
the wrong. (Cf. the etymology of the English word wrong.) So most
commentators. But I am not averse to understanding cnrvo and rectum
in their proper sense, " to distinguish a straight line from a curved," an
extenuating allusion to his studies in geometry. Ethics, with philoso-
|ihy in general, would be embraced under t?€ru«t. 45. H. heard teach-

EPISTLES II. ii. ^m

ers of the Aeademie sect — the he^t school of philosophj — and alto
of the other schools. 47. Civ. aestus. — (.Me) rudem belli. 48. Re-
Sponsura, to he a match/or. 62. Q.Xlod — h&h. = hahenlem {tantum) n(
id N"» (feait. 63. Ilemluck was used as a cooling ntediciDe ; here as an
antidote to the feverish excitement of a poet. 69 sq. Carmine, lyrical
compositions, odes; iambis, epodca ; sermonibui, satires. 67. Spon«
sum and auditam, supines. 70. Humane commoda, t-rry crmrenieni !
Ironical. {Ein unmentchlich tctittr Wey.) 72. Calidos, i»» hot kattt.
Molis gerulisqne. Simple abl. without cum, as in military phrases
ingcnti exercitu, omuibiu copiit proficitci. Kr. Gr. .397, A. 4. 80. Contr.
▼est., i. e. the narrow (and hence difficult) path of true poetry. 81.
Ingeniam, qnod, n man of gentH», icho. 83. Exit, cnmen itut (at Rome).
84. Hie, here. 86. Conectere (the reading of the best M.S.^.)^ conn rrf err.
Di^er, can I {or ought I to) desire. 87 3q. Ut sq., »uch that one heard
nnthing but compliments in the conrerantion of the other. 90. Arg., me-
lodious. 01. Mirabile — opns. In these words one pnet praifcs the
poems of the other. 92. Musii, dat. of agent. 93. Molimine, «m-
portance. 94. Vacaam — aedem, the temple (of Apollo, m=) the librarf,
empty of Roman poet». We say, contemptuously, that none of tboeo,
whose books are there collected, arc true poets ; wo ourselves onljr d»-
Berve the name. So R. 95. Frocul, at no great dintanr^, near at hand.
97 They earry on a contest of mutual flattery. 98. {Like) gtaditttort,
in a protracted content, till the fxrat lampt (i. e. until evening). 99.
Puncto illins, by hi» vote. 100. Horace probably refer* bere to Pro-
pertius. Visus (est). 106. Can, without disadvantage to ajraelf (la«
pune), close my ears against the reciters of verses. 114. St — ▼•■!••«
and linger stilt within the sanctuary of I m/o, i. e. take refuge as sup-
pliants in the author's heart. 8o R. Most oonm. tr. ''and are still
in the poet's writing-desk." 116. Populo, dat. of advantage. B«BMt
BC.poeta. 116. Speciota, expressive, presenting a clear and lively imm^t
to the mind. 117. MemoraU, used. 118. iitoa iaformU, mmmigMg
mould. 120. The good writer will be both (T«ai«nf) tnergetie and
(liqnidni) clear, perspicuous. 184 sq. He will yrmmt fA« mpptturmmt*
of one in play, and yet tcitl txtrt himself rigorotulpf M •«• wA* «aw
dances the part of a Satyr, note of a nutie Cyclop». IM. XsMTtt «TMlt-
ing in {or unacquainted with the rules of) art. 187. 2>aa •• i/«eiai««fe.
Deniqne, at any rate. FftlUnt, ceeajM my motict, are unksown to ••.
128. Ringi, to chafe. 184. The broken seal would sbow tbai tbe »i0o-
flnsk had been opened and drunk fron. 141. VafU, i. e. wHUog poO'
try. 148. Faterier, old form of the inf.. - fateri. 149. MMUtnU,
prescribed. 161. Cnrariar-eurarL Aadi«ra« (a Tulgo). US. Is

406 NOTES.

quo (tempore). 154. Tlenior = ditior. 165. Possent reddere te pru-
dentem, etc. 156. Minus cupidum timidumque. Nempe, M. 485, Obs.
4 ; Z. 278. 158. There was a mode of sale which was called per aeg et
lihram. A third person held a pair of scales {libra), which the pur-
chaser touched with a piece of money, at the same time laying his- hand
on the thing purchased. According to a set form of words he claimed
the thing as his own, and handed the money to the seller as a token of
the sum agreed upon. This form of purchase was called mancipatio.
159. Mancipat, yivea a title to. In law the right by length of posses-
sion (prescriptive title) is equal to that of purchase. Such acquisition
of ownership is called uaucapio. Horace uses m«m« here in a more
general sense of use and enjoyment. 163. Nempe, surely. (Here used
without irony.) 166. Vivas, etc., whether thou litest on nwney laid out
just now (i. e. in buying the products), or long ago (in buying the whole
farm). Y, has a valuable note here on the idiom (frequent in Greek)
which makes the participle of superior importance to the verb ; and
compares Sat. i. iv. 79 ; Ars Poet. 104. 167. He who bought some time
since a farm at Aricia or Veii. 170. Still he calls it his own vp to the
limit tchere the planted poplar prevents (gnomic perf.) quarrels with hi»
neighbor by a sure hnundnry. 174. Altera = a^<ertu«. 177. Vici = vtV-
lae. 180. Sigilla, small images of the gods, in bronze, of Etruscan
workmanship. There are many still extant. 182. The change of the
mood in this verse is interesting. Est qui non curat, there is one (i. e.
Horace himself) who certainly does not care to have them. 183. Ungui,
in preparation for a feast. 184. Herod the Great derived a large reve-
nue from the woods of palm (especially the date-palm) in Judaea. They
were most thickly planted about Jericho and on the banks of the Jor-
dan. Mc. 187 sqq. It was supposed that each man has his Genius, or
accompanying spirit, who governs his horoscope (187), averting the evil
or promoting the good indicated by his natal star, is a god of human
nature (188), inasmuch as every human being has such a Genius, mortal
for every single head (i. e. dying with the same man with whom he was
born), and, as the fortunes of the man vary, changeable in his aspect,
now cheerful and now sad (189). 192. 1, e., because he finds that 1 have
not left him more. 197. Boys had holidays on the Quinquatria, a festi-
val in honor of Minerva, 19-23 March. 199. Domus, gen. Faup. do-
mus =paupertns domestica. The reading is very doubtful. Gessner's
conjecture of modo for domus is an acceptable one. 203. Ablatives of
specification. Loco, in station, rank. Re (familiari), in fortune, 204.
Horace says that he belongs to the upper part of the middle class. 205.
Ahi, go to/ well, this is so far good. 210. Art thou happy when thou

THE ART OF POETRY. 407

eomnftt up thy birth-daya f i. e.. Art thou rather gratefal for the paat,
than discontented at the approach of old age and death? 213. Deeed»
peritis, make way for those that do, lit. that are skilled in the art (of
living rightly). 216. Lasciva— aetas, i. e. that age on which mirth

and festivity sit with a better grace.

De Arte Poetdca Liber. (743-746.)

With no pretence at «;ientiflc form «nd complotenen», ret with the ntmrnt feli-
city of transition from one subject to anotlier, Horace dcflneA in thii« e|ii»!l«» Minitt
of the primary laws of good ct>mp<Hiition. There are many venw-x in it «hicji ih-j
careful «tudent will always remember with gratitude an among hia best liutntc-
tions in rhetoric.

Already in Quintilian we find this poem spoken of as Ubrr dr. artt poiUea ; bat
Horace, always modest, conid never have (dven his letter so prvt^otitriM • tillsL
This and the two preceding epistles may l>e cbuaed together m kindred iB style
and character, and having a common subject.

1-23. Unity and harmony ettential in cnmpotition. 2. Yaiiaf, o/
van'ou» color». Indncere, to paint upon it (i. e. the home's neck); liL
to lay on with the painter's pencil. 3. Col. memhris (abl. ahsolate),
karing collected the limb^ from every animal. Ut, »n that. — With R., I
take turpiter with desinat. It is generally explained as modifying
atnim. 5. Spectatum, .«ufMne. 6. Iiti. The pronoun is here used in
contempt. 7. Vanae, unreal, fanta!«tic. 8. Fingentur. The/wiireli
properly used after /or*. 9. Reddatnr, thould he a»»iymed, or thomld
eorrenpond. Formae alludes both to the ideal in the painter*! miod. end
the outward image which he makes. 0. Pietoribm — potaitat. The
words of a supposed objector. Cf. Lmeiam: 'Tit an old atory that puH*
mid painter» are acconnlabU to nobody. Aaqua, jn»t, legitimate. IS.

Oeminentar, «Aou/</paiV. 14. Inesptis - 1 ni//». 16. Qui tpltndMt
Rel. clause with sohj. denoting purfiove. 19 »qq. A story is luld of a
Oreek artist who coold paint noibtng well but a cyprvM-trM. Being
asked to paint a picture of a shipwreek, to be bang «p ai a ToClra
tablet, he ioqnired, " Yoo wonld n't like tometbing added to tb« MtM
io the cypress line, woold yon ? " Mw Bota, rA« (potter's) kAW. BI.
tn »hort, let every (poem) be at Uast eimpte and muiform. 24-31. The
want of unity (29, 30) and other fault» (25-28) ofUm ari»e /ram nmdmm
ttraining after ejrrellenet». 24 TatUBIt of M poels, (taking Ibe pm-
noun from the termination of decipimmr.) Pater ft JOTMM. Tbif
epistle is said to hare been addresMd to L. Fieo, eo«. B. C. M, who was
a friend of good letters and bad been praefeet of the eity, and to bU two
sons, the elder of whom was from MventMO to twenty jears of aga al
the time Horace wrote it. 28. Tutai, (refleslTO,) coal^oae. 29. Fra-

408 NOTES.

digialiter, in a marvellous way. Kr., adopting a suggestion of Schnei-
dewin, places a comma after rem, and reads prodtyialiter una Delphi~
num silvis appingit, etc. ; a plausible conjecture. 32-37. Excellence in
$ingle details does not compensate for deficiency in the general effect of
the whole work, 32. Aem. luduin, a gl.adiatorial school, near which
were the shops of the workers in bronze. TJnns (tr. with the verbs),
shall alone, i. e. more skilfully than any other. 34. Fonere, to form,
to model. 36. Pravo, crooked, awry. 38-72. An author should choose
a subject adapted to his capacity (38-40), to secure the advantages
and graces of clear arrangement (42-44), and of eloquent and elegant
expression (45 sqq.). Skilful unexpected combinations of words are very
effective (47, 48). Within proper limits, new words may be coined, and
old words revived (48-72). 40. Fotenter, in accordance with his powers.
45. Tenuis, nice, subtile, elegant. Serendis = componendis, in con-
struction. 47. Dixeris e^egie, i. e, thou wilt be distinguished in thy
diction. What Horace means by callida junctura, (a cunning (i. e.
skilful) combination,) may be seen by examples from his own works;
e. g. splendide mendax, insanientis sapientiae, animae magnae prodigus,
(cited by 0.) ; strenua inertia (L.) ; fnlmin« sustulerit caduco (R.). 49.
Indiciis, i. e. verbis ; words being the signs or tokens of things. Abdita
remm = abditas res, things unknown before, new discoveries, new ideas.
50. Cinctutis, kilted, wearing the cinctus, a garment reaching from the
waist to the knees, worn in early times instead of the tunic. Here used
to denote the ancient Romans. 52. Fidem, acceptance. 52-3. Si, etc., if
they fiow from a Greek source, slightly (temperately) modified. This
seems to apply to Greek words and idioms imitated by Latin words
formed in a corresponding manner; e. g. potenter { SwarSii) , jnvenentur
(vtuvttvuvrai), venenat {<(>apfiaKevu), inaudax (aroXftoi), bimaris {6t&(i\a(T<T0i).
Numernbilis {cvapi&firjTOi) is an example of a word parce detortum.
53-5. Why shall not modern poets have the same privilege in this
respect as the old ? 56. Invideor for the more usual mihi invidetur.
69. Signatum — nota, marked tcith the stamp of the present day. 60.
Foliis, abl. of specification, in respect of their leaves. 62. Modo, lately,
just now. 63 sq. Horace alludes to the formation of the Portus Julius,
B. C. 37, by connecting the Lucrinus lacus with the Avernus, and mak-
ing a cut for ships through part of the seaward bank of the Lucrine,
while the rest of the bar was strengthened. Cf. Verg. Georg. II. 161 sqq.
Aquilonibus, abl. In prose we should have aquilones a classibus arcet.
Yet Cicero says (Phil. 5, 13) hostem arcuit Gallia. Begis opus, i. e. a
work worthy of a king. 65 sq. Sterilis — aratrum. Said to refer to
the drainage of the Pomptine marshes, a work begun by Julius Caesar.

THE ART OF POETRY. 409

PSlas. The shortening of the last ty\. is a ringnlar HceoM. See Ser-
viu» ad Verg. Aen. 2, 69 ; 6, 107. 67 sq. Augustus had made improve-
ments in the course of the Tiber. 69. Nednm, much let: Brokth
num = rer6orum, loquendi consuetudinis. Connect «ret rirax. 7S-M.
The kind of verte thould be adapted to the tnhject. A brief hittory of
different meaaure* : the heroic hexameter (73, 74), the elegiac (75-78), tkm
iambic (79-82», and lyric (85-85). Impariter, i, e. one longer than the
other; the hexameter followed by the pentameter. The old gramm».
rians coincide with this view that the elegiac metre was first used only
in lamentation, and derive its name from I } Xfytt». 76. Voti MntentUt
eompos, lit. the feeling possessing its desire, i. e. the feeling of satisfied
desire, the «entiment of $ucce»iiful love. 77. The invention of the elegy
was ascribed to various authors ; among others to Archilochus, Mimner-
mus, and Callinus. Exig^oi, humble, unprotending, (in tabjeoi and
metre, as compared with epic poetry.) 79. Proprio, *•*« own (M b« In-
Tented it). 80. Socci, i. e. comedy ; cothumi, i. e. tragedy. 81. Altar-
nit termonibus, /or (/la/o^ue*. Aristotle says that the iambic is the
measure used in conversation, and best adapted for the business of lif«.
Pop. Btrepituf. By its regular rise and fall, the iambic makei itself
heard above the noise of the people in a crowded assembly. t9 iqq.
Lyric poetry embraces hymns, dithyrambs, and paeans, songa of tIo-
tory, love songs, and drinking-songs. 85. Libera, actively, thalfrtm
from caret. 86-98. The appropriate ttyle and Innr of rarh kind tff
poetry mutt be maintained. 86. Deicriptaf tIcM Op«ramqO« OolOTtt*
the pretcribed character and time of {different elante» nf ) mmpntitiom,
92. Let each particular (tubjrrt), hariny been attiyned ilt place bteo^*
inyly, maintain it. 99-118. Porma thould be attrartire at teelt at fault-
Utt. The poet thould himtelf ferl the pnttiom he triahet tn exritt. 7il#
words tpnken thould corrrmjpond tcilh the eharartera and cireumttanets
of the tpenkert. 104. Male mandftta, unauilaUy aaaiymed (to iby pari
by the poet). 108 sq. Ad — habitnm, in armrdanct milk ntrg
(condition) of our for tun ea. 113. Equitei pediteeqvt, I. •. erery
of the Roman people; implying aluo the difTrrm/'» between the onlU-
rated and the uncaltirated. 116. BoduU, b>i»iliny, ^rpef4. 11^410.
If an old character be taken, let it be treated in nrntrdanr* milk ikt tr^
ditiont', if aneie one be invented, Ut it be mnaiatent with ittelf. 119.

Famam, the tradition. ConTenientia« conaiaient. 180. Boponltt »»-

pretentfxt aueir. 121. Acof, imprtuoua. 122. Mihil, rlc, let him arrtf.
gantly claim every thiny for hit arma. 129. PropiiO •OMMllia ilMTtf
to individualize abttractiont (or general ideat) ; i. e. trot» geSOlM Idettf
to Invent well-marked iodividaal character». 199. When one aakef a

410 NOTES.

tragedy taking his plot from the Iliad^ he finds the characters ready
made to his hands, and has only to develop them consistently with the
original. 131-135. In using old material, however, the poet should avoid
common-places, servile imitation of words, and servile imitation of senti-
ments. 132. Vilem p. Orbem, the trivial and trodden round. 134. Intor-
prea. (Translating Greek dramas.) In artum, into a strait; as into a
pit. The imitator is confined and hampered ; his diffidence and respect
for the original author (pudor), and the plan of the work (operis lex)
already marked out, forbid him to allow his genius independent excur-
sions. 136-152. Let the beginning be modest. Let the interest of the
reader constantly increase, as in Homer. Avoid long preambles ; plunge
into the midst of the action. Leave out uninteresting details. Let fact
and fancy combine in a consistent whole. 136. The cyclic poet ; a name
given by the Alexandrian critics to the writers of epic poems on scenes
connected with the legends of the Trojan war prior or posterior to those
treated of in the Homeric poems. What author is here referred to is
unknown. 139. The monosyllabic ending of the verse produces a sur-
prise corresponding to the sense. As the Greeks told the story : *' The
mountain was in labor, and Zeus was frightened ; and it brought forth
a mouse." 140. Hie, Homer. The opening of the Odyssey is imitated
in the next two verses. 141. Captae post moenia T. =post capta Trojae
moenia. 147. With the two eggs (of Leda; from one of which Helen
was born, from the other Castor and Pollux). 148. Eventum, the ca-
tastrophe. 151. Mentitur, invents. 153-178. The characteristics of the
several ages of human life must be rightly represented. (Here Horace
follows Aristotle, Rhet. ii. 12.) 154. Who waifs for the curtain, i. e.
for the end of the play. 155. Cantor, the actor. It was usual for the
last actor to conclude with calling upon the people to applaud. 157.
Decor, their befitting character, the quality that becomes them or is
adapted to them. 159. Paribus, his equals in age. 161. The custos
is the paedagogus. 162. Campi, the Campus Martins, as the scene of
manly exercises. 165. Sablim.i8, S02i,Tir\g, high-spirited. Cupidus, f>a«-
tionate. 172. Spe longus, 1. e. indulging in distant expectations. Some
tr. slow to hope. 175- The years before the highest bloom of manhood,
or the age of 46-48, were called the coming years, those afterwards the
departing: (un homme sur son retour.) 179-188. Some things should
be actually represented on the stage, others only related. 184, Facundia
praesens, the eloquence of an eyewitness; praesens = o/ one present.
189 sq. The proper length of a play. 191. Do not unnecessarily intro-
duce a deus ex machina. Dignas — nodus, i. e. "a difficulty worthy
01 a god's unravelling." 192. 2?o not unduly multiply the personages in

THE ART OP POETRY. 411

any single tcene. In the ancient drama, only three person» used to b«
on the stage speaking. A fourth might appear, but only to receivo
commands in silence, or to perform some act Z. 193-201. Tk* pr»ptr
function* of the chorus. 193. Let the chorus supply the place of «tn
actor and {sustain) a strenuous part. 195. PropOSitO, the plot. 199.
Ille (laudet) salubrem, etc. 200. Tegat commista, i. e. let it ke«p
concealed whatever secrets are entrusted to it. As present throughout
the representation, the chorus was witncs.<< of the most vecret thought*
and purposes of the characters. 202-219. Modifications intntducefl im
the course of time in the music of the flute and the lyre accompanyintj tkt
chorus. (The lyre was u.«?ed especially as an accompaniment to th«
choral songs ; the flute as an accompaniment also of the dialogue )
202. The flute in the most ancient times was simple, and had but lhre«
finger-holes. In time, however, a mouthpiece of brass (oriehalcHm) waa
put upon it, which made its tones ai loud ma those of a trumpet, and
the number of holes was increased, so that it could bring forth mora
notes, and execute pieces alone, for formerly it had been used merely aa
an accompaniment to the choral singing (ar/«y7i>are r/ar/p«*«). Z. 809.
PoEtqnam — yictor. After the Punic wars, if we take the Romani,
after the Persian if we take the r>rerk!>. 209. Diurno, in the day.
tine ; a holiday indulgence. 210. Plaoari Oenini. Offerings of wine,
etc., were said to be presented to the Genius when a man wn« indulging
in that way himself. See noteon Epist. ii. ii. 187. 212 Qaid taperati
ichat correct-taste could (the untaught rustic, etc.) have. Turpil hOOaatOf
the base with the honorable (in the old sense of $orial ptfilion, not of
moral character) : the base-born with the noble. 914. Arti, to his an,
215. The flute-player himself marched op and down on the stagr in a
handsome robe with a train. 217. And the bold thfqttrmre {nf th» p"*!)
gave birth to an unwonted style (of expression). §19 SasUBtia, i e.
the lessons of the chorus. 820-250. /<• th« Snlyric drama, the dirt torn
of the characters should be neither vulgar nor bombastic. Ths strit*r of
such plays should not avoid figurative language, but shnuld rhnns* a stgh
betueen tragedy and comedy, adding dignity to rommon mords by skU/ut
arrangement and eombinationt. The satyric draoia wa« paeaJlf lO llM
Greeks, among whom it was exhibited in eonneotion with IrafitdiM aa
a comic afler-piccc. 280. It was said that In old times the pHM for
trnjjif composition was a goat (See Dirt. Aniitf. " Trafordla.*') 881.
Hudavit, introduced . . . naked. 822 loC. fTATiUU, witkamt impair-
iug the dignity (of his characters, fods and heroes). 884. Tba plajri
were exhibited after the sacrifices. 887 sqq. Tba Maa godf aod baroai
who had appeared in the trafia trilogy, war» oftMi iatfodMad la tka

412 NOTES.

satyric after-piece. 231. Indigna, disdaining. 233. Moveri, fo danc».
234. Dominautia [Kvpi-i), proper (in the rhetorical seuse) ; used in their
literal meaning, not figuratively. 236. Scriptor, i. e. in case T should
write. 238. EmunctO, cheated. 240 Ex notO,/ro/rt well-known (fsimi-
liar) words. 240 sqq. 0. cites Pascal, Penseea, 1, 3: Les nieiUeura
livrea sont ceux que chaque tectenr croit qu'il aurait pn /aire. 244. The
Italian Fauns are here placed for the Greek Satyrs as being similar to
them. 246, Teneris, elegant, refined. Juvenentur, trifle, or talk af-
fectedly. 248. Quibus — res, i. e. men of rank, birth, and fortune,
and therefore of education and refinement. — Slaves and freedmen were
«aid to be nullo patre nati. 249. Fricti cic et nucis, of roasted pulse
and chestnuts (or filberts), — pop-corn and pea-nuts. 251-274. The
iambic trimeter, as the ordinary verse of the drama, is described. The
careless and defective metre of the Roman dramatists is censured. The
great Greek models should he carefully studied. 252. The subject of
jussit is iambus, as apes citus. It is the rapidity of the iambus which
inade the Greeks call a verse of six iambs a trimeter. It hade the name
of trimeter to he added to iambics. Cum, although. 254. Ita, so very.
266. In — paterna, into its hereditary rights. 258. Socialiter, like an
obliging comrade or partner. Hie, here, in the second and fourth place.
259 Ap. rarus, it (the iambus) appears seldom. 262. The subject of
premit is still strictly iambus, but with the added idea rarus apparens r
its infrequent appearance. 263. Videt, observes, detects. 267. De-
nique, in short. 274. Digitis, i. e. by beating time. 275-294. The
history of (he drama in Greece and Rome. The great obstacle to the suc-
cess of the Latin poets is their impatience of the labor of correction.
277. Subjunctives in indirect narration (after dicitur). 278. The palla
was a robe with a train, worn by tragic actors. 281. See Sat. i. iv. 2,
note. 288. (Fabulae) praeteztae were tragedies, introducing men in
high life wearing the toga praetexta ; (fabulae) togatae were comedies,
introducing characters in the toga, the dress of common life. Docuere,
wrote or exhibited ; lit. taught, inasmuch as the authors instructed the
actors in their parts. 289, 290. Three ablatives of specification. 294.
Perfectum = ita nt perfectum sit. 295-308. The affectations of would-
be men of genius. Horace makes no such claim ; but will confine himself
to giving the rules of poetic composition. 301. Laevus, stupid. — If I
did n't purge my bile, I might be as mad and as great a poet as they.
302. Bilem, ace. of specification; or we may take purgor as Greek
middle, purge my. 304. Nil tanti est, sc. quanti sanum fieri. 306.
Officium, so. poefae. 307. Opes, his resources or materials (Gedankcn-
reichthum). 309-322. Good sense is the first requisite of the poet. Add

THE ART OF POETRY. 413

knoieledge o/ human tutture (iml *ound ethical philotophjf. 309. Sapers,
good neiiae. 310. Bern, ihi/ matcriaU. SOC. chartae, the writing." of
philosophers of the Socratic school. 311. Rem, a anbjtct. — ** E» Uikgi
Verstand uud rechter Sinn mit wenig Kunst sich selber Tor.** 314.
Conscripti -^ «ena/ori«. 317. Exemplar t. m , tht ideal of lift and
character. Kr. Others : a model uf life and character (i. e. some living
example). 319. Specioia — recte, beautiful in itt tkonyku {*tnt'ivavut»f
coinmoD-places), and riyktltf dtpicting character. S23-S38. The tile»
rary imferioritif of the Roniatte to the Greek* aritee parti tf from the dif-
ferencee in their education. The Oreeke are taught to lore literary fame^
the Roman* to love money. 323. Ore rotando Uenote« fulnrttx. ruuod-
ness, and elegance of style and diction. 326iiqq. Dioat — lemif. Ques-
tions and answers in a Roman school. 328. The boy hesitating, the
master encourages him by saying, " Why, you could have answered."
332. Oil of cedar was a preservative against moths and book-worms,
as was also keeping books in cypress-wood chests. 888 146. The ob-
jeet of poetry i$ to inttruct, or to please^ or {tehat it mott aceeptablt) fo
do both at once. In didactic poetry be concite ; in imaginatire poetry
avoid improbabilitiet. 335. Cito percipiant. 887. Ererylhing tmper-
flunnn flotci aicay froui the breant (of the reader, already) full. 888.
Ficta, thingt invented. 340. Pransme, aftrr dinner. 841. The eem-
turie* of the old men (a term taken from the clai>tfes or eeminriat of 8cr-
vius Tullius), i. e. the grave seniors. AgitiOit 'm tjragifamt (poemaU)
expertia frugis. 342. Celii, the Ofty, i. e. proad. The Hnmmtt wera
the eldest of the three centuries of knigbta ; hara rcprvsentativrs of
the young men. Celfi B., the proud youmg patrieiant. 848. PwDtf Mi
vote ; so called beeaoM at eleetioos tht cutkidm wb» t<Mik the volaa
pricked off the namber given for each eaiMlidata. 848. Hl« -tmUt,
347-380. How far imperfection» may h* parJomtd. 884. 8«ript0r li-
brariufl, a copyitt, an amanuenais. 887. OaMat - peecal. 889. Qmm*
deque - quandf/cumf/ue. 861-866. A poem it analogom» t9 m pmimtim§»
338-384. There it room for medioerily in the prtuli«mi mH», hml mo tola-
ratinn for it in poetry. Ytt hmn will write tertm who A«ff« «• g9mim/*ir

their work. 368. MaJoT (nata), «/<<«r. 868. Cartia - 7ni'6«Wa«. K.
et t, middling and toUrablt •xetlUnem. 878. ColaaiBAa« I. a. book-
teller»' thopt. See Sat. I. U. 71, noU. 878. The boaajr of Sardiaia
(and Corsica) was bitter. Roasted scads of the whita poppy w*ra
served in honey at the dessert 876. Daei, be pmhmffd. go on. 878.
" Da tublime am ridicule it n'y a qu'mn pat." 879. Oaap. arml«, tba
weapons of the Campui .Martios, i. e. all the ftaplaaMSla wad llMra la
games and sports. 383. Caiuiia, 0^^ reiamiaf for ■■■■■■■ lat,) lakat

414 NOTES.

an ace. like a Greek middle part. Cf. M. 237, a, Obs. 385-390. Sub-
ject thy writihga to judicious criticium, and withhold them from early
publication. Invita HLxn^TVA — adceraante et repugnante natura (Cic.
de Off. I. 31, 110), i. e. against the bent of thy nature. 388. Nostras
(=»jeo«.) 391-407. Be not ashamed of the office of a poet ; poetry has
been the great civilizer of mankind. 394. DlctUS est. 396. Fuit, etc.,
" for this, of old, was accounted wisdom." 399. The laws of Solon
were inscribed on wooden tablets. 403. Sortes, oracles. 404. Vitae,
etc. H. alludes to the didactic and gnomic poetry of Hesiod, Solon,
Theognis, Phocylides, and others. Gratia regum. Arion, Simonides,
Anacreon, Pindar, and other lyric poets, enjoyed the favor of monarehs.
406. Ludus, plays, dramatic poetry. Dramatic pieces were first per-
formed at the rural Dionysia, at the end of the labors of the year.
408-418. Good poetry demands a union of genius and laborious art.
409 sqq. Cf. Cio. pro Ar",h. VII. 15. 413. Puer (when) young. 417.
Plague take the hindmost ! Probably an exclamation of boys in their
games. 419-437. Beware of critics ichojiatter. 422. Unctum — possit,
toho is disposed to set before thee something dainty {or a dainty banquet)
in good style. 426. Cui, to any one. 430. Saliet — terrain, he will
leap and dance for joy, when the hero is successful: as he had before
wept at his misfortunes. 438-452. The honest critic will advise the
author to correct, and sometimes to rewrite his whole piece. Some of the
faults are specified which call for criticism. 439. Negates. The con-
junction si in the protasis is often omitted. 442. Vertere, to change
and correct. 453-476. Horace is fond of a humorous ending after his
graver moods ; and he here concludes with a ludicrous picture of a mad
poet. 453. Morbus regius, the jaundice. 457. Sublimis, with hi*
head in the air. 458. Composition of auceps 1 460. Non sit. Subj.
as imperative. On non instead of ne, see C. 247, 5, n. 2; M. 456, Obs.
2; Z. 529, note, ejid. 462. An, but that. Frudens, on pwpose. 463.
Siouli poetae, i. e. Empedocles of Agrigentura. 465. Frigidus, in
cold blood. Antithetical with ardentem. 467. " The construction of
idem witk the dat. is pure Greek, and occurs only in poetry, and even
there very rarely." C. 162, 7; M. 247, b, Obs. 8. — One of the few
spondaic lines in Horace. 472. Moverit, touched and profaned. 476.
Hirudo, (like) a leech.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

*% Thia Index is intended to supply the deficiencies of the Lexicons In ordlo«ry
use, by presenting such facts or legends with regard to the different cbaniettvi
as are requisite to the understanding of Horace's allusiuns to thcoi. It hM Mil
been thought necessary to insert names which can only b« (tofliMd •• bcloaglBf
to ** an unknown person."

Aehillef, son of Peleas, king of the MyrmidSocs in PhtbiOtis ia
Thessaly, and of Thetis, daughter of Xcreus, — the wcll-knuwn hero
of the Greeks in the Trojan war. According to legends which Ilorso*
follows, he was instructed by Chiron the Centaur. When ho was oin*
years old, Caichas having declared that Troy could not bo taken without
his aid, his mother, who knew that the war would bo fatal to him. dis>
guised him as a maiden, and concealed him among the daughters of
Lycomedes, king of Scyros. Ulysses discovered him by the fulluwing
stratagem. Disguising himself as a pedlar, he visited the court laden
with costly garments and ornaments, among which was a suit of armor
and weapons. While the maidens were engrossed with the beautiful
dresses and jewels, the young Achilles at onee sprung to scite (he arms
and equipped himself with them. Ilis sex thus betrayed, UlysMS ear>
ried him off to the war. For the details of his deeds at Troy, the ttn»
dent should be content with no authority short of the Iliad. Ilorao*
alludes to his love for the captive BrisCis and bis anger at Agamemnoa
for taking her from him, — a wrath which is the theme of the Iliad,
and which, by causing Achilles to withdraw from battle, postponed (be
fall of Troy and OMMed countless woes to the (irreks: (o bis uodHng
activity, his fleroe ooarsge, bis hot temper and iroplaeabili(y : to bii
slaying Hector, and giving up bis body to the prayer* of Priain : to bit
healing Tclephus, whom be bad himself wottoded {Pmpti. W. \. 6.1 {
Ov. Triai. I. i. 99 sq.) : and to hb being bioBMlf slain by Apollo, or b/
Paris with Apollo's aid.

Aeiem, *on of Jupiter and Aeglna, king of Aeglnn. nod Aum4 for bli
justice, on account of which be wa« after bis death nuuio jndgo of tbo
lower world. Atuci gentu (C. III. 19, 3), PeleM and Telioion (»onf
of Aeacus), Achilles (son of Pelens), Teooer and AJax (eoaa of Tal*«
mon), and Neoptolemos (or Pyrrbas), son of AebillM.

416

416 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

Aesopus Claudius, or Clodius, the great, impressive tragic actor,
admired by Cicero. His son (Sat. ii. iii. 239), the heir of his vast for-
tunes, melted in vinegar a j)earl worth $40,000 and drank it for the
whim of knowing how pearls would taste, and treated all his guests
with the same kind of draught.

Afrauius, a poet who flourished a. it. c. 660, who in his Latiu come-
dies or /ahtilne (ogatae imitated Menander.

Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, the well-known general, friend and son-in-
law of Augustus. After he had been praetor and consul, he undertook
the aedileship, the lowest of the curule offices, b. c. 33, to gratify the
emperor. His munificence was extremely great in the erection and
adornment of public buildings and the celebration of games on a splen-
did scale, and in large donations to the people. He was applauded in
the theatre for the lavish costliness of his exhibitions. He built the
Pantheon (so called), to which a, porticut is attached, and also a portico
in commemoration of the naval victories of Augustus, to which he gave
the name Porticus Argonautarum : the latter is perhaps the one referred
to Epp. I. vi. 26. He had large estates in Sicily, probably given him
by Augustus after his successes against Sextus Pompeius. Among
other exploits, he reduced the Cantabrians b. c. 19.

Ajax, son of Telamon, after he was defeated by Ulysses in the con-
test for the armor of Achilles, was stricken with madness, in which he
rushed from his tent and slaughtered the sheep of the Greek army,
fancying they were his enemies, and at length put an end to his own
life. Agamemnon refused him sepulture. He loved the Phrygian cap-
tive Tecraessa, who was given him as his prize.

Ajax, son of Oileus, was swift in pursuit {Iliad II. 527). He was
destroyed by Athene on his return from Troy for having dragged Cas-
eandra from her altar and violated her. Cf. Verg. Aen. I. 41, (Hom.
Odyn. IV. 499 sqq.)

Albinovanus, Celsus, (Epp. i. iii. 15, viii.,) a companion and secre-
tary of Tiberius Nero.

Albinus, a rich usurer, whose son is called up to recite A. P. 327.

Albius TibuUuSi the celebrated elegiac poet (Carm. i. 33, Epp. i. iv.).

Albutius, an unknown person, who poisoned his wife, and who (or
another of the same name) was cruel to his slaves-

Alfenius Varus, a lawyer who was brought up as a shoemaker at
Cremona, but became so eminent as to attain the consulship and a
public funeral.

Ancus Marcius, fourth king of Rome, especially dear to the people
{Jbonut Ancua, Lucretius after Ennius).

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 417

Antonius Hasa, a celebrated physician, who restored Augustus to
health by cold bathing and cooling drinks, but failed when he applied
the same treatment to the young Marcellus.

Antonius lulus, son of the Triumvir and Fulvio, grew up in wealth
And distinction in the court of Augustus. He wrote an epic poem in
twelve books called Diomedea.

Aristius Fuscus, a man of wit, and a lover of the town-life ; per-
haps not disinclined to money-making, one of the vices of the day.
He seems to have been among the dearest and most intimate friends of
Horace.

Arrins, Qnintus, a great spendthrift, whose two sons were notorioiu
in the same way. They ate nightingales costing 600,000 sesterces a plate.

Asteria, a fictitious name meaning *' Star-maid," bright and fair aa
a star.

Atreui killed the two sons of Thyestes and placed their flesh before
their father at a banquet, who unwittingly partook of the horrid meaL
The gods cursed Atreus and his house.

Anion, a vailey (avAwy) in Calabria.

Bacchius and Bithos, famous gladiators, equal in age and dario^
whose names were proverbial as a well-matched pair.

Bandusia, a fountain about six miles from Vcnusia, whose name
Horace probably applies (Carm. in. xiii.) to a fountaia of the river
Digentia near his Sabine farm.

Bibac1Ua«, C. Fnriuf, a bombastic poet, who opened a poem on the
Gallic war with the line

" Japiter hibenuu caoa aire eonspait Alp«i,'*
whence the wits of Rome, or Horace himself, gare him " the fatal aaoM
of AlplDQS." Ho wrote also. It it probable, an Aetbiopis, eonUiolag
the death of Memnon. He was rerj stiooecKful (but bitter) a« an «pi-
grammatist; porhapn Horace had beeD attacked b/ him.

Bithns. Sec Bacchint.

Bolanui, a quick-temp««l fellow, who alwaya spoke out whai bo
thought of every one.

Cadmus and HarmonU were at la«t ohMgod hj Z«u lalo MrpoaU
and removed to Elyxium.

CalTUS, C. Lieinios, an orator and pool, tbo fHood of OataOii^ villi
whose name bis own is always acMelaUd. Tbojr w«» pfovorbtel M
the models of grace, sweetness, plaintiroooM, m4 Iwilmiliy lko«(k
with lines occasionally bard and iabanaoakmt.
Hor. 27

418 INDEX OF ?RO^ER NAMES.

Canidia, a name applied by Horacb to his former mistress Gratidia,
a Neapolitan, in insulting reference to her gray hairs {canitiea capitis).

Capitolinus, Petillius, was tried for stealing a crown from the Jupi-
ter of the Capitol, and only escaped condemnation because he was a
friend of Caesar Octavianus.

Caprius, a low lawyer.

Cascellius, Aulus, a lawyer of great erudition.

Cassias Etmscus, a bad poet who wrote with great rapidity. Ho-
race supposes him, in jest, to have written books enough to serve, with
their cases, for his funeral pile.

Cassias Parmensis, (one of the assassins of Caesar,) a writer of
some short but highly-finished elegies and epigrams, and of some tra-
gedies, one of which was called Thyestes.

Catienas, an actor accustomed to perform the part of Deiphilus in
the Iliona of Pacuvius. See Iliona.

Cervius. I. A slanderous prosecutor (Sat. ii. i. 47). II. An honest
neighbor of Horace at his Sabine farm (Sat. ii. vi. 77).

Chloe, a fictitious name (from x^^t> ^^^ fi"*- light-green shoot of
plants in spring), denoting tender youth.

CUoris, a fictitious name from ^Xupos, also denoting the freshness
of youth.

Chremes, a character in Terence, a rich and avaricious old man,
cheated by his slaves. The name is derived from {^pifKa) ^pfiiZTonai,
to clear one's throat.

Cicirrlias, a nickname from Ki(fj^^oj= a'Xtxrpvtav, a crowing cock.

Cinara, probably the true name of a freedwoman loved by Horace.

Claadius Nero, Tiberias, the step- son of Augustus, carefully edu-
cated, and not without military courage. He succeeded Augustus as
emperor. In the latter years of his life he manifested great depravity.

Cocceias Nerva, L., a friend of Antonius, and afterwards of Augustus.

Coranas, a usurer, a scribe, or notary.

Crassus, M. Licinias, the triumvir, defeated and slain by the Par-
thians A. u. c. 700, with 20,000 men killed and 10,000 prisoners.

Crispinas, a loquacious, blear-eyed person, said to have written bad
verses on the Stoic philosophy, and called aperaXdyos.

Damalis, the name of an imaginary personage, from the Greek Sd-
[laXii, " a heifer," and by metonymy " a young maiden."

Damocles, a Syracusan, having extolled the great felicity of the
older Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, on account of his wealth and
power, the monarch invited him to try what his happiness really was,
and placed him at a magnificent banquet, in the midst of which Damo-

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 419

eles saw a naked sword suspended uver his head by a single hortc-bair
— a sight which quickly dispelled all his visions of happiness, (farm,
ni. i. 17.)

Dellias, Q., a man of no steady character, dtmltor Mlomm eiviiium,
notorious for the shameless manner in which he changed sides in poli-
tics. He wrote a history of the campaign of Antunius againsf the Par-
thians, in which he had served. Ue had a beautiful villa, and enjoyed
the society of Caesar and Maecenas.

Bemetrios, a modulator or phonascus, a musician who gave the tone
to the actor and also to the orator ; part of his office was to inslruet the
female mimes, who recited poems, accompanying them with attilud<'
and gesture, both in private and in the theatre. Demetrius recited, or
taught others to recite, the poems of Calvus and Catullus. Ue «as
called the ape, on account of his short stature and deformity.

DossennuB Fabios, a comic poet, a writer some suppose of AuUnma*,
others, mure justly, of palliutae and togntae. It is curious thai OD«
of the characters in the Atellanae was called Dossennot — a hoooh'
back, half philosopher, half conjurer and diviner.

DraiOB Hero, Claadioi , son of Tib. Claudius Nero and Livia, and
younger brother of the emperor Tiberius ; adopted and greatly tnuUd
by Augustus. He gained splendid victories in Qermany.

Empeddclei, the famous natural philosopher of Agrigentam, wrote
all his works in verse. The st«iry that he threw himself down tbeeraUr
of ^tna, that by his sudden disappearance be might be deemed a god»
bat was betrayed by the volcano's throwing up one of hit Mndali, to
probably fictitious.

Enipeu, a fictitioos name, ooioed from Vr/m», fo mphmid.

Eatr&pdlns, P. Volamniuf , a RoauM koigbl, and a boon c«>rop»niua
of AntoniuM, who received his eognoiMa from hi» wit aod <ir^*tAla|
{h yip ihrpariida Mtwrntia^^ tffptt Iwrh. AristoL Kk*t. 2, IS.)

Fanniai, a bad poet, who wrote with great rapidity. lie wm •
parasite of Hermogeoes Tigellins.

PoMennlii* tfl'*!^** There was % tort of nido JMllag dialofoo
earried on in eztmnpore verse at the early Utio rostle fosUval^ fmll
of good-tempered raillery aod eoarse humor. Those were oollod Foi-
oennine soogs, as Is geoerally supposed from tho Iowa of Fisssaoi» or
Fesceonium, belonging to the Falifci. From those voroos olhor^ moro
licentious and scurrilous, took their name, and satires got tho some nom^
but the sort of poetry with which it origlnatod «as haraUoM, as IloraiO
says.

Flayiiu» the sehoolmaster of Veausia.

420 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

Horns, Julius, a writer of graceful and pleasing verses, who went
into the East with Tiberius, among the younger men attached to hi»
person.

Fonteius Capito, the negotiator on the part of i? jtonius in the treaty
of Brundisium. He had a house or farm at or near Formiae.

Fufidius, an avaricious usurer.

Fufius, an actor who fell asleep in the part of Iliona. See Catienus.

Fundanius, a comic poet, greatly admired in his day. He was a
friend of Maecenas.

Furius. See Bibaculus.

Furnius, a faithful and elegant historian.

Fuscus. See Aristius.

Galatea = Lactea, implying milky-whiteness of complexion.

Gigantes, sons of Terra, of monstrous size, with fearful counte-
nances and the tails of dragons. They made an attack upon heaven,
armed with huge rocks and trunks of trees; but were killed by Jupiter
and the other gods, and buried under -^tna. Horace, like Virgil, seems
to mix the legends of the Gigantes and the Titanes.

Glaucus, the Lycian, exchanged his golden armor with Diomedes'
armor of bronze. (Iliad, vi. 230 sqq.)

Glycera, (yXvicepd,) means atceet, " Dulcinea."

Gnatia (Egnatia), a town in Apulia, on the coast.

Gracchus (Epist. ii. ii. 89), tr. a Gracchus. Both Caius and Tibe-
rius were famous as orators.

Grosphus, Pompeius, a Roman knight, resident in Sicily, of whom
Horace held a high opinion.

Gyas, the name of a hundred-handed giant, son of Gaea and Oura-
nos, (Earth and Heaven,) with two brothers, Kottos and Obriareos.
Hesiod. Theog. 149. (Others read Gygea.)

Haedilia, according to a marginal note in cod. Bernensis 363 (of the
ninth century), a mountain and forest near Lucretilis and Ustica, in
the neighborhood of Horace's farm.

Hagna, a freedwoman beloved by Balbinus.

Hermogenes Tigellius, a teacher of music, probably a Greek, and
perhaps an adopted son of L. Tigellius, He was an enemy and de-
tractor of Horace, who repays him with some of the bitterest touches
of his satire.

Hippolyte having falsely accused Peleus to her husband Acastus of
an attempt upon her virtue, Acastus took him to Mount Pelion, where
they hunted wild beasts; and when Peleus, overcome with fatigue, had
fallen asleep, Acastus left him alone and concealed his sword, that ho

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 421

might be destroyed by wild beasts. Peleus was saved, however, by the
intervention of Chiron or Hermes.

larbita, a certain Cordtu (or Codrus, Verg. Eel. VII. 26), a man of
Moorish birth, who aspired to the fame of letters, and endeavoring to
equal Timagenes in the force of his declamation, burst some of the ves-
sels of his diaphragm, and died. He perhaps bad taken the name of
larbita to affect a descent from the Mauretanian kings ; or the wits of
Rome had given him that name.

Iccias (unknown except from Carm. i. xxix. and Epist. i. xii.) had
devoted himself to philosophy and letters, but when the invasion of
Arabia under Aelius Gallus took place, was seized with a sudden access
of military ardor and the hope of enriching himself with the spoils of
the East. The fatal issue of the campaign left him poorer than before ;
but he found employment as the manager of Agrippa's Sicilian estates.
Horace consoles him for his poverty, and persuades him that happiness
is yet in his power.

nia, or Rca Silvia, a Vestal virgin, mother by Mars of Romulus and
Remus. Amulius caused her to be drowned in the Anio, in which river
(according to the general story) she exchanged her earthly life for that
of a goddess, and became the wife of the river-god. Another story,
which Horace follows, represent* her as thrown into the Tiber, and
marrying the god of that river.

Iliona, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, was the wife of the Thracian
king Polymestor (or Polymnestor), to whom she bore a son Dciphilu».
With him she exchanged her brother PoIydOrus, who was intrusted to
her care at the beginning of the Trojan war, and whom she brought up
in such a way that her husband himself regarded bim as his own son.
The Greeks having bribed Polymestor to murder Polydorus, in bis
error be slew his own son instead. In the Iliona, a tragedy of Pacuvius,
the shade of Deiphilus appears to bis mother in her sleep, and beceecbes
her to bury him,

lalni Antoniat. Sen Antonini.

Labeo, a man notorious for some act of mad cmelty to a ilare.

Laberias, Decimal, a Roman knight, and a distinguished writer of
mimes. When be was sixty years old, Julius Caesar in efleot compelled
him to appear upon the stage, although the occupation of an aotor wae
considered as disgraceful to a gentleman. He took, however, bis re-
venge. His prologue (which has been preserved for as by Maorobios)
awakened compassion, and daring the performance he adroitly availed
himself of bis various characters to point bis wit at Caesar. In the
person of a beaten Syrian ilare be cried out, " Marry ! Quiritct, bvt

422 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

we lose our freedom," and all eyes were turned upon the dictator; it
was followed by a sentence, " equal to the most pregnant of Tacitus : "
** He must fear many, whom so many fear."

Lalage, (AaAayij), i. e. the prattler.

Lamia, L. Aelius, of a very noble family ; a warm friend of Horace ;
cos. A. u. c. 756. Hora.ce speaks of him (Epist. i. xiv.) as mourning
the death of his brother Quintus.

Laomedon, king of Troy, whom Neptune and Apollo, having dis-
pleased Jupiter, were condemned to serve for wages. When they had
built for him the walls of Troy, he refused to give them the reward he
had promised.

Leuconoe, perhaps a fictitious person, or perhaps the whole ode ad-
dressed to her (i. xi.) is a translation from the Greek.

Licinius Murena, L., called by adoption A. Terentius Varro Mu-
rena, brother of Terentia the wife of Maecenas, and (by adoption) of
Proculeius. He was of the college of augurs, and had a house at For-
miae. After Horace had written to him the tenth ode of the second
book, recommending an unambitious life, he engaged or was impli-
cated in the conspiracy of Fannius Caepio against the life of Augustus,
for which he suflFered death.

Licinus, a barber, advanced to a senator by Julius Caesar : on him
was written the celebrated epitaph :

" Marnioreo Licinus tumulo jacet, at Cato parvo,
Pompeius nullo; credimus esse decs?"

Licymnia, generally supposed to indicate Terentia, the wife of Mae-
cenas. The quantity of the syllables in the two names is the same.
So Catullus substitutes Lesbia for Clodia, Tibullus Delia for Plania and
Flavia for Plautia, Propertius Cynthia for Hostia. The name = Ligy-
hymnia, Ligymnia, i. e, voce canena acuta, and seems to have been se-
lected with reference to her dulces cantus. (Carm. ii. xii.)

Ligunnus, an imaginary youth.

LoUius, M., Palicanus (or Paulliniis). It may be that Horace
knew LoUius's better qualities only, and that it was partly to console
him after his defeat in Germany a. u. c. 738 that the Ode iv. ix. was
written. He had served with distinction as Propraetor in Gaul, and
was consul with Lepidus a. u. c. 733. Horace did not live to hear
of bis rapacity in the East, which induced him to take bribes of the Par-
thians. His guilt was betrayed to Augustus, and he slew himself
to escape public disgrace. It is singular that Horace should have
chosen to celebrate the contempt of wealth as one of the rirtuea of Lol-
litts.

LolUus Maximns, (perhaps son of the preceding,) addressed id two

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 423

«pistles. In Epist. i. ii. Horace seems to have taken the privilege of
an intimate friend of the family to write to LoIIius, who was employed
in studying oratory at Rome and composing declamations. Through-
out this graceful letter, he moralizes to the young student out of Homer,
as an Englishman might out of Shakespeare, as the great storehouse
for examples of vice and virtue to which he might perpetually recur.

Lncilios, C. The first writer of hexameter satire. The few broken
fragments of his writings which remain show great force, vehemence,
and even picturesqueness of expression, but his verses are hard and
harsh; his language, though at times strongly vernacular, strains after
Greek compounds; and we can even now, (says Milman,) if we com-
pare the idiomatic pellucidity of Horace, understand the sense of the
word muddy {lutulenttu) as applied to the flow of the verse of Lucilius.

Lupus, C. Cornelius Lentulus, consul 156 b. c. An object of fierce
satire to Lucilius.

Lyce, a fictitious name from \vkok, a wolf.

Maecenas, C. Cilnius, traced his descent from the Lucumone» of Etra-
ria. His paternal ancestors were the Cilnii, mentioned by Livy (x. 3,
6); his maternal ancestors were also of Etruscan origin, and it was
from them that the name of Maecenas was derived. Well educated,
and versed both in Greek and Latin literature, he was not only a patron
of the most eminent poets of his time, but was himself a writer both
in verse and prose. The favored confidant of Augustus, he aided him
in the administration, and wisely counselled mild and prudent mca-
sares. His enormous wealth, his culture, and his intimacy with the
sovereign, gave him the highest social position in the capital. Content
with this, and especially fond of his ease, ho declined the highest ho-
nors of the state, and preferred to remain a simple knight. " What
did he care, whether his toga ha^i a broad or narrow stripe of purple?"

He built upon the Esquiline hill a palace, whence ho had a prospect
over the whole city and neighborhood of Rome, as far as Forli, Tuscu-
lam, Palaestrina, etc., one of the most splendid which can be oonoeivod;
and here, in the midst of the voluptuous garden into which he had
converted the heretofore unwholesome Esquiline hill, he was enabled
to enjoy the pleasures of the most beantiful villa. Here, after the
toils and disquiets of the otvil wars, and after ho had at length at-
tained the end of all his exertions, A. u. c. 727 (about the fortieth year
of his life), while he saw Aagnstus in quiet possession of a power and
dignity which he was conscious was bis work, he abandoned himself to
his natural inclinations fur quiet, pleasure, and those arts which are
the offspring and the parents of contentment His hoose, his t*ble»

4:24 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

his gardens, were the resort of all the wits, virtuosi, actors, joyous spi-
rits, and agreeable idlers in Rome. Everything breathed enjoymenty
mirth, and pleasure. It was a kind of court of Alcinous, where every
one was welcome who could contribute anything to the amusement of
the master and his company. (Wieland, quoted by Milman.)

In the latter part of his life, he suflfered greatly from ill-health, ac-
companied with an unmanly fear of death.

Haenius, a notorious prodigal and miserable jester on his own pro-
digality and enormous debts. , On the first day of the year he was heard
to pray aloud, " 0, Jupiter, that I owed 40,000 sestertia ! " Some one
asking the meaning of this extraordinary prayer " I should gain 100
per cent. ; I owe 80,000."

Malthinas, probably a fictitious name, said by the old scholiasts to
indicate Maecenas; but this is doubtful.

Megilla. M/ytXAa perhaps from /<//«?, as MiVvAXcj from /iiKpSs.

Messala, M. Valerius Corvinus, the patron and friend of Tibullus.
He was considered as almost the last of the great Roman orators.
After important military service, the latter part of his life was passed
in dignified retirement, and in the patronage and enjoyment of letters.

Hetella, wife of Lentulus Spinther. From her ear the son of Aeso-
pus drew the pearl which he melted and drank.

Metellus, Q. Caecilius, Macedonicns, cos. 143 b. c. (Sat. ii. i. 67.)

Metellus, Q. Caecilius, Celer. His consulship, a. v. c. 694, is the
date of the first triumvirate, which Horace regards as the beginning
of the civil war.

Mucins ScaevSla, P., a great lawyer.

Munatius, a youth in the retinue of Tiberius, A. u. c 733.

Murena. See Licinius.

Masa. See Antonins.

Mystes, a slave of the poet Valgius.

Nerius, a well-known usurer.

Nerones, Tiberius {see Claudius) and Drusus, the step-sons of Au-
gustus.

Novius, (Sat. I. vi. 40,) a homo novus, tribune of the people. An
upstart.

Novius minor, an ugly usurer, always early at business near the
statue of Marsyas.

Numicius, a young man of whom we know nothing more than that
he stood so high in Horace's regard and esteem, as to have his name
inscribed in that pleasing poem, the sixth epistle of the first book.

Nnmlda Flotius returns, after ten years' absence, from the Canta-

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 425

brian wars, in which he had been engaged with Augustas. "Wo know
nothing more about him.

Namonius Vala, perhaps the father of the unfortunate lieutenant
of Varus in the defeat A. u. c. 762.

Octavius, (Sat. i. x. 82,) an historian and poet.

Ofellus, an impersonation of the old Roman frugality, strong sense,
and contentment.

Orbilias, the school-master of Horace and the eminent poet Domitius
Marsus, born at Beneventum. After serving in the army, he retired to
the peaceful profession of rhetoric in his native town, whence at the
age of fifty he removed to Rome. He lived to be one hundred years old.
His marble statue is shown in the cnpitol at Beneventum.

Fanthbldes, (the son of Panthous,) Euphorhu», one of the bravest
of the Trojans, was slain by Menelaus, who subsequently dedicated his
shield in the temple of Hera near Mycenae. Pythagoras asserted that
he had once been the Trojan Euphorbus, and in proof of the assertion
took down at first sight a shield from a number of others in the temple,
as having been borne by him at that time, in the inside of which wa«
found an inscription proving that it had been the shield of Euphorbus.

FantiliuB, a wretched calumnious poet, called the Bug from his pes-
tering attacks.

Paulas Fabius Mazimns, perhaps the son of ths consul of the same
name who was a favorite of Augustus.

Faulus (Carm. i. xii. 38), L. Aemilius, who gare up his life at Can-
nae, refusing to fly from the field.

Fedius, a celebrated orator, called PoplicSIa or Pubiicfila.

Felops, son of Tantalum, etc. " Pelops' line," tneva Pelopi$ domut,
furnished copious material for tragedy ; e. g. in the murder by Pelops
of his father-in-law Oenomaus ; in the horrid banquet of Thyostcs, son
of Pelops, whose brother Atrens slew bis two sons and serred them as
meat to their father ; in the murder of Agamemnon, grandson of Pe-
lops, by his wife Clytcmnestra ; in Clytemncstra's murder, with her
paramour Aegisthus, by her son Orestes; and in Orestes driven to
madness by the Furies. Pelops himself had been «erred up by hU
father, Tantalus, at a feast of the gods, bat was afterwards restored to
life. Atrens was killed by Aegisthus, his nephew and rappofod fon.

Perellins, a u<<ur(>r. who had the nickname Cietita,

Petillius. P^o Capitolinui.

Fhidfle - (pn^v^r,, Pnrrutn, a fnigal woman.

Fhilippui, L. MarcioB, cos. 'i\ b. c, distinguished as an orator and
a wit.

426 INDEX OP PROPER NAMES.

FMlodemus. An Epicurean philosopher. Some of his epigrams,
and his treatises on music and on rhetoric, have been deciphered among
the Herculanean MSS.

Fhraates. Phraates the IV., expelled for cruelty from the throne
of Parthia, but restored to his throne by the Scythians. He submitted
to Augustus.

Fisones. See note A, P. 24.

Fitholeon, (or Pitholaus,) a frcedman of M. Otacilius, who wrote
calumnious poems, and epigrams in which Greek words were mixed
with Latin.

Flancus, L. Mimatias, a man engaged in almost every contest in
the civil wars, and on every side. At his proposition Octavius was
Baluted by the name of Augustus. The advice of Horace to Plancus
(Carm. i. vii.), that he should surrender himself to pleasure, was con-
genial to his habits. The first lines of the ode are addressed with great
propriety to a former Praefect of the province of Asia, who must have
known Greece well. The villa of Plancus at Tibur was no doubt fami-
liar to the poet, and the restless life of the adventurer might wisely
close in the enjoyment of repose and quiet conviviality in that beau-
tiful neighborhood.

Flotius, a poet named, with Varius and Virgil, as among the dearest
friends of Horace. He is one of those to whom Augustus intrusted the
publication of the ^neid. Not a line of his poetry is known to exist.

Folemon, a Platonic philosopher, was extremely profligate in his
youth ; but one day, when he was about thirty, on his bursting, intoxi-
cated, into the school of Xenocrates, at the head of a band of revellers,
his attention was so arrested by the discourse, which chanced to be
upon temperance, that he tore off his garland and remained an atten-
tive listener, and from that day adopted an abstemious course of life.
He continued to frequent the school, and, on the death of Xenocrates,
(b. c. 315), became its head.

Follio, C. Asinius, a distinguished orator, poet, and historian of the
Augustan age. He fought in the civil war on the side of Julius Caesar.
Antonius appointed him governor of Gallia Transpadana, where he
had the difficult task of settling the veterans in the lands assigned
them, and saved the property of the poet Virgil, at Mantua, from con-
fiscation. In B. c. 40 Pollio took an active part in effecting the recon-
ciliation of Octavianus and Antonius at Brundisium. In B. c. 39 he
was sent by Antonius, with an army, against the Parthini, an Illyrian
people; having defeated them, and also having taken the Dalmatian
town of Salonae, he obtained the honor of a triumph. He devoted

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 427

himself afterwards to literature, and to the exercise of his oratorical
powers both in the senate and the courts of justice. A patron of Ho-
race, Virgil, and other men of letters, and the first person to establish
a public library at Rome, he also wrote tragedies, and a history of the
civil wars in seyenteen books, and enjoyed great fame and succeas as
an orator.

Pomponias, a youth of prodigal habits.

Fostamus. Unknown, unless the same Postumus to whom a beau-
tiful elegy of Propertius (III. 12) is addressed.

Procaleins. C. Proculeius Varro Murena, brother of Licinius (Carm.
II. X.) and of Terentia, the wife of Maecenas, was a Roman knight of
high character, who, after the civil wars, nobly shared his fortune with
his brothers, whose estates had been confiscated.

Pyrrha (Carm. i. v.), jm^^rf, with red hair.

Pyrrhia, a pilfering and tipsy maid-servant, in a comedy of Titinins.

Pythias, a brazen-faced maid-servant in a play of Lucilius, who do-
frauds her master.

Quintilins Varus, of Cremona, a common friend of Virgil and Ho-
race, a good critic (A. P. 438), and perhaps himself a poet, died B. c. 24.

Bhdde, {po6(iv, poifi), Rose, Rosa.

Eufa, and Rufus, "red-head;" RufiUus, "little red-head."

Sallustiai, C. Crispns, grandson of the sister of Sallust the his-
torian.

Sarmentas, a buffoon probably in the retinue of Maecenas.

Scaeva, (Epist. i. xvii.), a young friend of Horace.

Scaeva, (Sat. ii. i. 53), a debauched and cowardly matricide.

Septimins, one of the most honored of the friends of Horaoe.

Sestins, L., a faithful adherent of Brutus, whoso frendship Horaoe
probably formed during the campaign. Augustus, after his uoezpooted
recovery from his illness, appoiDte<l Sestius as consul in his own place.

Sisenna. Proverbial for bitter jests; the slave of his tongue.

Sisyphai, a favorite dwarf of Antonius, not more than two feet high,
called Sisyphus from his clever tricks. It was the fashion to keep
dwarfs.

Syb&ris, the name of a laxnrioos oity, applied to an eflTeminate youDg
man. The name Lydia (lit. a Ljdian) in the same ode denotes luxury.

TanSis, a eunuch, a freedman of Maecenas.

Tarpa, Sparias Maecias, a distinguished critic.

Tannis, T. Statilins, cos. a second time with Augustus a. v. c. 728.

Theon (adjective Theoninut), a freedman whose name was a byword
for malicious slander.

428 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

Tiberius. See Claudius.

Tibullus, Albius, the gentle poet, about eleven years younger than
his friend Horace, between whose fortunes and his own there is a sin-
gular coincidence.

Tigellius, L. A Sardinian, celebrated for his musical talents and
his wit, which recommended him to the society of the great, in which,
however, he became notorious for his insolence, fastidiousness, and af-
fectation.
Tigellius Hermoggnes. See Hermogenes.

Tillius, having been expelled from the senate by Caesar as a parti-
san of Pompoy, resumed the laticlave after Caesar's death.

Timagenes, an orator and historian, over-free with his jests.

Tiridates, raised to the throne of Parthia during the banishment ot
Phraates, about A. u. c. 730, 731.

Titias, one of the young companions of Tiberius, of high aspira-
tions as a poet.

Torquatus, Manlins. Evidently a man of high rank, eloquence, and
piety.

Trebatins Testa, C, an eminent lawyer and wit, in his earlier years
a friend of Cicero. He belonged, no doubt, to the circle in which Ho-
race was intimate, and, in his old age, would not be displeased at the
quiet humor with which Horace impersonates the great lawyer as regu-
larly consulted on questions of taste and poetry, and giving his opi-
nion with legal precision and sententious gravity.

TuUus, L. Volcatius, cos. a. u. c. 688.

Turbo, a gladiator of small stature but great courage.

Turius, C. Marcus, a corrupt judge.

Tyndaris, a fictitious name, perhaps indicating beauty like Helen's.

Ustica, the name of a gently-sloping mountain near Horace's Sabine
farm, opposite Lucretilis, and of the valley between the two mountains.

Yaciina, a Sabine goddess of the field and the wood, of the chase
and of war, and especially of victory. (Preller.) Her temple, near the
farm of Horace, was restored by Vespasian as an " aedes Victoriae."

Vala. See Numonius.

Valgius. C. Valgius Rufus, a poet, a prose writer on the art of
rhetoric, and a friend of Horace.

Varia, now Vico Varo, a town of the Aequi and the nearest town to
Horace's farm, is on the Anio, eight miles above Tibur ( Tivoli). It is
now a small place, standing on a steep rock overhanging the road, and
fctill preserving fragments of its ancient walls of rectangular masonry.

Varius, L., one of the most distinguished poets of the Augustan age:

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 429

born probably a. v. c. 672, five years after Catullus, six years befor«
Asinius Pollio, twelve before Virgil, and seventeen before Horace : of
all these poets the intimate friend. He was one of thouo who saved the
Aeneid from the flames and assisted in correcting it. Of his poem on
the death of Julius Caesar some lines survive, all pure and spirited,
some of masculine beauty; of his panegyric on Augustus two lines are
supposed to be quoted by Horace, EpUt. i. xvi. 27, 28. Quintilian de-
clared that his tragedy of Thyestes might stand a comparison with any
production of the Grecian stage.

Varro, P. Terentins Atacinns, so called from the river Atax in Gallia
Narbonensis, his native province ; a translator of respectable talents,
and a not very successful writer of satires and other poems.

Varus. See Qaintilins. Horace speaks of another Varua as the
faithless lover of Canidia.

Yeianios, a famous gladiator, who, after many battles, obtained
leave to retire from the arena, and consecrated his arms to Hercules.

Viscus, one of the two sons of Vibius Viscus, of the equestrian
order, both of whom are said to have been poets.

Voltur (Vultur), the modern Voltore, a picturesque mountain between
Lucania and Apulia, near Horace's birth-place.

Xanthias Phoceus, (Phoceus dimtyllabU,) \. e. youth with auburn
locks (iav^6i) from Phocis, — the addition of his birth-place giving a
certain formality and dignity to the address. The name is cither in-
vented by Horace, or adopted from a Greek ode. Many of Iluraoe'S
love-poems are "merely a Roman artist's translations or parapbrMM
from the Greek originals."

Zethuf and AmphXon, twin -sons of Zeus (Jupiter) and AntiSpe,
mythic founders of Thebes. To reconcile conflicting pretensions. Pau-
sanias supposes that Cadmus was the original settler uf the bill of the
Cadmeia, while Amphion and Zotbus extended the settlement to the
lower city. Zethus despised music, holding it in suspicion as conducing
to effeminacy and vicious sloth, and hade Amphion throw bis lyre away.
There is a fine contrast in the legendary characters of the two brothers,
"the rude and unpolished, but energetic, Zethus, and the refined and
amiable, but dreamy, Amphion." (See Grote, UU^. of Qr—o9t ^ s^^O

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